CCNA A Spring 2016 1.3.1.3 Lab - Mapping the Internet

8/18/2019 CCNA A Spring 2016 1.3.1.3 Lab - Mapping the Internet

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Lab - Mapping the Internet

Objectives

Part 1: Test Network Connectivity Using Ping

Part : Trace a !o"te to a !e#ote $erver Using %in&ows Tracert

Part ': Trace a !o"te to a !e#ote $erver Using %eb-(ase& an& $o)tware Too*s

Part +: Co#pare Tracero"te !es"*ts

(ackgro"n&

Route tracing computer software is a utility that lists the networks data has to traverse from the user'soriginating end device to a distant destination network.

This network tool is typically executed at the command line as:

tracert

(Microsoft Windows systems

or

traceroute

(!nix and similar systems

Route tracing utilities allow a user to determine the path or routes as well as the delay across an "# network.$everal tools exist to perform this function.

The tracero"te (or tracert tool is often used for network trou%leshooting. &y showing a list of routerstraversed it allows the user to identify the path taken to reach a particular destination on the network oracross internetworks. ach router represents a point where one network connects to another network andthrough which the data packet was forwarded. The num%er of routers is known as the num%er of )hops) thedata traveled from source to destination.

The displayed list can help identify data flow pro%lems when trying to access a service such as a we%site. "tcan also %e useful when performing tasks such as downloading data. "f there are multiple we%sites (mirrorsavaila%le for the same data file one can trace each mirror to get a good idea of which mirror would %e thefastest to use.

Two trace routes %etween the same source and destination conducted some time apart may produce differentresults. This is due to the )meshed) nature of the interconnected networks that comprise the "nternet and the"nternet #rotocols a%ility to select different pathways over which to send packets.

*ommand+line+%ased route tracing tools are usually em%edded with the operating system of the end device.

,ther tools such as -isualRoute are proprietary programs that provide extra information. -isualRouteuses availa%le online information to graphically display the route.

This la% assumes the installation of -isualRoute. "f the computer you are using does not have -isualRoute

installed you can download the program using the following link:http://www.visualroute.com/download.html

"f you have any trou%le downloading or installing -isualRoute ask your instructor for assistance. nsure thatyou download the 0ite dition.

1 2345 *isco and/or its affiliates. 6ll rights reserved. This document is *isco #u%lic. #age 1 of 1+

http://www.visualroute.com/download.htmlhttp://www.visualroute.com/download.html


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$cenario

!sing an "nternet connection you will use three route tracing utilities to examine the "nternet pathway todestination networks. This activity should %e performed on a computer that has "nternet access and access tothe command line. 7irst you will use the Windows em%edded tracert utility. $econd you will use a we%+%asedtraceroute tool (http://www.su%netonline.com/pages/network+tools/online+traceroute.php. 7inally you will usethe -isualRoute traceroute program.

!e,"ire& !eso"rces

4 #* (Windows 8 -ista or 9# with "nternet access

Part 1: Test Network Connectivity Using Ping

$tep 1: eter#ine whether the re#ote server is reachab*e.

To trace the route to a distant network the #* used must have a working connection to the "nternet.

a. The first tool we will use is ping. #ing is a tool used to test whether a host is reacha%le. #ackets ofinformation are sent to the remote host with instructions to reply. our local #* measures whether aresponse is received to each packet and how long it takes for those packets to cross the network. Thename ping comes from active sonar technology in which a pulse of sound is sent underwater and%ounced off of terrain or other ships.

%. 7rom your #* click the %in&ows $tart icon type c#& in the $earch progra#s an& )i*es %ox and thenpress nter.

c. 6t the command+line prompt type ping www.cisco.co#.

1 2345 *isco and/or its affiliates. 6ll rights reserved. This document is *isco #u%lic. #age of 1+

http://www.subnetonline.com/pages/network-tools/online-traceroute.phphttp://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.subnetonline.com/pages/network-tools/online-traceroute.phphttp://www.cisco.com/


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d. The first output line displays the 7ully ;ualified .dsc%.akamaiedge.net. Thisis followed %y the "# address 25.4.>?.483. *isco hosts the same we% content on different serversthroughout the world (known as mirrors. Therefore depending upon where you are geographically the7;. Bere is how to do that:

6nd here is what the output from that looks like:

f. =ow ping Regional "nternet Registry (R"R we%sites located in different parts of the world:

7or 6frica:

C:\> ping www.afrinic.net

7or 6ustralia:

C:\> ping www.apnic.net

1 2345 *isco and/or its affiliates. 6ll rights reserved. This document is *isco #u%lic. #age ' of 1+


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7or urope:

C:\> ping www.ripe.net

7or $outh 6merica:

C:\> ping lacnic.net

6ll these pings were run from a computer located in the !.$. What happens to the average ping time inmilliseconds when data is traveling within the same continent (=orth 6merica as compared to data from

=orth 6merica traveling to different continentsCWhen the ping is going to other countries it takes almost ten times as long to get to the destination. theping has to travel much longer distances than it does on thecontinent.DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

DDDDDDDD

What is interesting a%out the pings that were sent to the uropean we%siteC

DThe ping reEuests timed out. They pro%a%ly timed out %ecause urope and the !nited $tates don't havevery much access to each other's we%sites.

1 2345 *isco and/or its affiliates. 6ll rights reserved. This document is *isco #u%lic. #age + of 1+


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DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

Part : Trace a !o"te to a !e#ote $erver Using Tracert

$tep 1: eter#ine what ro"te across the Internet tra))ic takes to the re#ote server.=ow that %asic reacha%ility has %een verified %y using the ping tool it is helpful to look more closely at eachnetwork segment that is crossed. To do this the tracert tool will %e used.

a. 6t the command+line prompt type tracert www.cisco.co#.

%. $ave the tracert output in a text file as follows:

Right+click the title %ar of the *ommand #rompt window and choose /&it F $e*ect 0**.

Right+click the title %ar of the *ommand #rompt window again and choose /&it F Copy.

,pen the %in&ows Notepa& program: %in&ows $tart icon F 0** Progra#s F 0ccessories F Notepa&.

To paste the output into =otepad choose /&it F Paste.

*hoose i*e F $ave 0s and save the =otepad file to your desktop as tracert1.t2t.

c. Run tracert for each destination we%site and save the output in seEuentially num%ered f iles.

C:\> tracert www.afrinic.net

C:\> tracert www.lacnic.net

d. "nterpreting tracert outputs.

Routes traced can go through many hops and a num%er of different "nternet $ervice #roviders ("$#sdepending on the siGe of your "$# and the location of the source and destination hosts. ach HhopIrepresents a router. 6 router is a specialiGed type of computer used to direct traffic across the "nternet."magine taking an automo%ile trip across several countries using many highways. 6t different points in thetrip you come to a fork in the road in which you have the option to select from several different highways.=ow further imagine that there is a device at each fork in the road that directs you to take the correcthighway to your final destination. That is what a router does for packets on a network.



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&ecause computers talk in num%ers rather than words routers are uniEuely identified using "# addresses(num%ers with the format x.x.x.x. The tracert tool shows you what path through the network a packet ofinformation takes to reach its final destination. The tracert tool also gives you an idea of how fast traffic isgoing on each segment of the network. Three packets are sent to each router in the path and the returntime is measured in milliseconds. =ow use this information to analyGe the tracert results towww.cisco.com. &elow is the entire traceroute:

&elow is the %reakdown:

"n the example output shown a%ove the tracert packets travel from the source #* to the local routerdefault gateway (hop 4: 4J2.4K?.4.4 to the "$#s #oint of #resence (#,# router (hop 2: 43.4?.23.4.very "$# has numerous #,# routers. These #,# routers are at the edge of the "$#Ls network and arethe means %y which customers connect to the "nternet. The packets travel along the -eriGon network fortwo hops and then ump to a router that %elongs to alter.net. This could mean that the packets havetraveled to another "$#. This is significant %ecause sometimes there is packet loss in the transition%etween "$#s or sometimes one "$# is slower than another. Bow could we determine if alter.net isanother "$# or the same "$#C


http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/


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e. There is an "nternet tool known as whois. The whois tool allows us to determine who owns a domainname. 6 we%+%ased whois tool is found at http://whois.domaintools.com/. This domain is also owned %y-eriGon according to the we%+%ased whois tool.

To summariGe "nternet traffic starts at a home #* and travels through the home router (hop 4. "t thenconnects to the "$# and travels through its network (hops 2+8 until it arrives at the remote server (hop ?.This is a relatively unusual example in which there is only one "$# involved from start to finish. "t is typicalto have two or more "$# involved as displayed in the following examples.


http://whois.domaintools.com/http://whois.domaintools.com/http://whois.domaintools.com/


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f. =ow examine an example that involves "nternet traffic crossing multiple "$#s. &elow is the tracert for

www.afrinic.net:

What happens at hop 8C "s level5.net the same "$# as hops 2+K or a different "$#C !se the whois tool toanswer this Euestion.

6t hop 8 the packet changes location. The "$# is not the same as hops 4+K.DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

DD

What happens in hop 43 to the amount of time it takes for a packet to travel %etween Washington


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What happens in hop 4?C using the whois tool. Who owns thisnetworkC

D!NF .$outh 6frica Oohannes%urg


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Bow is the traceroute different when going to www.cisco.com from the command prompt (see #art 4rather than from the online we%siteC (our results may vary depending upon where you are locatedgeographically and which "$# is providing connectivity to your school.

"n the command prompt there isn't too may hops to get to www.cisco.com. !sing the online we%site is toomany hops and the device can't track it.

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD *ompare the tracert from #art 4 that goes to 6frica with the tracert that goes to 6frica from the we%interface. What difference do you noticeC

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

Tracert on #art 4 took more time than the one that went to 6frica.time.DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

DDDD

$ome of the traceroutes have the a%%reviation asymm in them. 6ny guesses as to what this meansCWhat is its significanceC

)asymm) means the path to the hop and %ack have %een different (asymmetric. This usually happenswhen there is some link in one direction amed or the network architecture encourages different paths for

the different directions. The num%er after asymm shows the grade of asymmetry (i.e. how many hops aredifferent.



$tep : Use 8is"a*!o"te Lite /&ition

-isualRoute is a proprietary traceroute program that can display the tracing path results graphically.

a. #lease download the -isualRoute 0ite dition from the following link if it is not already installed:

http://www.visualroute.com/download.html


http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.visualroute.com/download.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/http://www.visualroute.com/download.html


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%. !sing -isualRoute 2343 0ite dition trace the routes to www.cisco.com.

c. Record the "# addresses in the path in =otepad.

Part +: Co#pare Tracero"te !es"*ts

*ompare the traceroute results to www.cisco.com from #arts 2 and 5.


http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/


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$tep 1: List the path to www.cisco.co# "sing tracert.


List the path to www.cisco.co# "sing the web-base& too* on s"bneton*ine.co#.


http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/


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List the path to www.cisco.co# "sing 8is"a*!o"te Lite e&ition.


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!e)*ection

Baving now viewed traceroute through three different tools (tracert we% interface and -isualRoute are thereany insights that using -isualRoute provided that the other two tools did notC

"t showed the tracing on a graph using a total timestamp on the %ottom an "# address as a location point andtime the packet took to hop. "t shows

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CCNA A Spring 2016 1.3.1.3 Lab - Mapping the Internet

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