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Chapter 5 Configuring Network Devices
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Objectives
Configure a router with an initial configuration Use Cisco SDM to configure a Cisco ISR with LAN
connectivity, Internet connectivity and NAT
Configure a Cisco router for LAN connectivity, Internet
connectivity and NAT using the Cisco IOS CLI of the CiscoIOS software.
Configure a WAN connection from a customer premise toan ISP
Describe, setup, and configure a stand-alone LAN switch
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ISR - Integrated Services Routers
The Cisco Integrated Services Router (ISR) is one of the most popular seriesof networking devices designed to support growing business needs.
The ISR combines features such as routing and switching functions, security,voice, LAN and WAN connectivity into a single device.
This makes the ISR ideal for small to medium-sized businesses and for ISPmanaged customers.
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ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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System Power LED (SYS-PWR) Indicates power is received and that the internal power supply is functional.
LED is solid green.
System Activity (SYS ACT)
A blinking LED indicates the system is actively transferring packets.
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ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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High-speed WAN Interface Card (HWIC) Slots: These ports provide serial connectivity over a wide-area network.Compact Flash Module:
This removable module is used to store the operating software for the ISR.Single Slot USB Port:
The USB Flash feature allows users to store images and configurations andboot directly via USB Flash memory.
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ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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Fast Ethernet Ports: These ports provide 10/100 Mbps connectivity for local area networks.Console Port:
This port is used to configure the switch via a directly connected host.Auxiliary Port:
This port is used to configure the switch via a modem.Four Port Ethernet Switch: These ports allow you to connect multiple devices on a local area network.
ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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Cisco IOS Sofware
ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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Cisco IOS Software The Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software provides features
that enable a Cisco device to send and receive network traffic using a wired orwireless network.
The entry-level Cisco IOS software image is called the IP Base image. TheCisco IOS IP Base software supports small to medium-sized businesses and
supports routing between networks
Other Cisco IOS software images add services to the IP Base image. Forexample, to use advanced security features, install the Advanced Securityimage. This gives the added functionality necessary to configure advancedsecurity capabilities, private networking and firewalls.
There are many different IOS images available, as well as different versions ofeach image. These images are designed to operate on specific models ofrouters, switches and ISRs.
ISR - Integrated Services Routers
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Physical Setup of the ISR
Items shipped with a new Cisco 1841 ISR include: A RJ45-to-DB9 console cable A DB-9-to-DB-25 modem adapter A power cord Product registration card, called the Cisco.com card
Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information for Cisco 1841 Routers Router and Security Device Manager (SDM) Quick Start Guide Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers (Modular) Quick Start Guide
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Physical Setup of the ISR
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To install a new Cisco 1841 ISR requires special tools and equipment, whichmost ISPs and technician labs usually have available. Additional specificequipment required depends on the model of the device and any optionalequipment ordered.
Physical Setup of the ISR
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Before beginning any equipment installation, be sure to read the Quick Startguide and other documentation that is included with the device.
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Physical Setup of the ISR
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In-band and Out-band Router Configuration
There are two possible methods to connect a PC to a network device forconfiguration and monitoring tasks: in-band and out-of-band management.
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Out-of-band Management Out-of-band management requires a computer to be directly connected to the
console port or auxiliary port (AUX) of the network device being configured.
This type of connection does not require the local network connections on thedevice to be active.
Technicians use out-of-band management to initially configure a network
device. Out-of-band management is also useful when the network connectivity is notfunctioning correctly and the device cannot be reached over the network
In-band Management Use in-band management to monitor and make configuration changes to a
network device over a network connection.
In order for a computer to connect to the device and perform in-bandmanagement tasks, at least one network interface on the device must beconnected to the network and operational.
Two TCP/IP protocols can be used to access a Cisco device for in-bandmanagement: Telnet and HTTP
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In-band and Out-band Router Configuration
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Cisco ISO Programs
The Cisco IOS command line interface (CLI) is a text-based program thatenables the entering and executing of Cisco IOS commands to configure,monitor, and maintain Cisco devices
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In addition to the Cisco IOS CLI, other tools are available to assist inconfiguring a Cisco router or ISR. Cisco Router and Security Device Manager(SDM) is a graphical user interface (GUI) device management tool. Unlike CLI,SDM can be used only for in-band management tasks.
SDM Express simplifies initial router configuration. It uses a step-by-stepapproach to create a basic router configuration quickly and easily
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Cisco ISO Programs
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Use the full SDM package to perform more advanceconfigurations such as:
Configure additional LAN and WAN connections Create firewalls Configure VPN connections
Perform security tasksSDM supports a wide range of Cisco IOS software releases
and is available free of charge on many Cisco routers.SDM is pre-installed on the flash memory of the Cisco1800 Series ISR.
Cisco ISO Programs
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Cisco ISO Programs
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Cisco ISO Programs
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Cisco ISO Programs
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Device Configuration Files
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Running Configuration File The term running configuration refers to the current configuration running on
the device. It contains the commands used to determine how the deviceoperates on the network.
The running configuration is stored within the device working memory (RAM)that does not keep information when the power is turned off.
Startup Configuration File The startup configuration file is the saved configuration file that sets the
configuration properties of the device each time the device is powered on.
This file is stored in nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM). NVRAM isused to store files that will be saved, even if power to the device is turned off.
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Device Configuration Files
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When a Cisco router is first powered on, it loads the IOS to working memory.Next, the startup configuration file is copied from NVRAM to RAM. Thisbecomes the initial running configuration.
Changes to the running configuration are not automatically saved to the startupconfiguration file. It is necessary to manually copy the running configuration tothe startup configuration file if changes are to be saved when the device is
powered off. Cisco CLI uses the command copy running-config startup-config to save therouter's running configuration to the startup configuration.
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Device Configuration Files
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Device Configuration Files
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Document Your Router Configuration
Planning the router installation and upgrade is a critical step in minimizinginterruptions to employees Planning enables exploration of options on paper, when it is easy and
inexpensive to correct errors.
During those planning sessions, the technician determines: The configuration of the router to meet customer needs
Software programs that rely on the network that may be affected by theupgrade
The technician works with the client's IT personnel to decide which routerconfiguration to use and to develop the procedure that verifies the routerconfiguration.
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A configuration checklist is a useful tool for ensuring that everything isconfigured correctly on new router installations. Technicians also use thechecklist when troubleshooting previously configured routers. The configurationchecklist provides a list of the most commonly configured components.
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Document Your Router Configuration
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Date and Work Order Used to record the date that the configuration checklist
Used to record a number used to track the contract work
ISP Contract The name and telephone number of the ISP representation if any questions or
concerns arise
Customer The name of company or customer
Customer Contract The name and telephone number of the person at the customer site
responsible for the project
Router Manufacturer and Model
The router manufacturer and model number Router serial number Configured Basic Parameters
Check here to confirm that basic router parameters are configured
Cisco SDM can be used to configure basic parameters, if supported by thedevice
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Document Your Router Configuration
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Configured Global Parameters Check here to confirm that the global parameters are configured Including: host name of the router, a privilege mode password, and
disabling the router from recognizing typing mistakes as commands
Configured Fast Ethernet LAN Interfaces Check here to confirm that the Fast Ethernet LAN Interfaces have been
configured
Configured WAN Interfaces Check here to confirm that the WAN interfaces have been configured Configured Command-Line Access to the Router
Check here to confirm that the parameters used to control Cisco IOS CLIaccess to the router have been configured
This includes: the interval of time that the EXEC command interpreter waitsuntil user input is detected
Configured Static Routes Check here to confirm that the static routes are configured An ISP may use a separate sheet to detail each static route configured Static routes are manually configured on the router and must be changed
manually if new routes are required
Document Your Router Configuration
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Configured Dynamic Routing Protocols Check here to confirm that the dynamic routing protocols are configured
In dynamic routing, the network protocol adjusts the path automatically,based on network traffic or topology. Changes in dynamic routes areshared with other routers in the network
Configured Security Features
Check here to confirm that security features on the router are configured
The Cisco SDM configuration tool makes it easy to configure the basicsecurity features
To configure security features using the Cisco IOS CLI requires an in-depthknowledge of the Cisco IOS security commands
Roll over each checklist item to learn more
Document Your Router Configuration
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Configure an ISR with SDM
Cisco SDM express Cisco SDM Express is a tool bundled within the Cisco Router and Security
Device Manager that makes it easy to create a basic router configuration.
SDM Express uses eight configuration steps to assist in creating a basicrouter configuration:
Overview
Basic Configuration
LAN IP Address
DHCP
Internet (WAN)
Firewall
Security Settings Summary
Refer 5.2.1.1
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Configure an ISR with SDM
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SDM Express
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Basic Configuration Host Name
The name of the router
Domain Name
The domain name for the organization. (An example of a domain nameis cisco.com, but domain names can end with a different suffix, such as.org or .net.)
SDM Username and Password
The username and password used to access SDM Express toconfigure and monitor the router (password must be at least 6characters long)
Enable Secret Password The password that controls user access to the router, which affects the
ability to make configuration changes using CLI using Telnet or theconsole ports (password must be at least 6 characters long)
SDM Express
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SDM Express
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IP Address Field The IP address for the LAN interface in dotted-decimal format Address can be a private IP address if the device is installed in a network
that uses Network Address Translation (NAT) or Port Address Translation(PAT)
Subnet Mask Field The subnet mask for the network
Identifies the network portion of the IP
Subnet Bits Field Number of bits used to define the network portion of the IP
Can be used instead of the subnet mask
Wireless Parameters Fields
Use to specify the SSID of the wireless network Appear if the router has a wireless interface and Yes was clicked in theWireless Interface Configuration window
SDM Express
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SDM Express
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DHCPThe Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a simple way to assignIP addresses to host devices. DHCP dynamically allocates an IP addressto a network host when the host is powered on, and reclaims the addresswhen the host is powered off
Enable DHCP server on the LAN interface Checkbox When checked, it enables the router to assign private IP addresses to
devices on the LAN. IP addresses are leased to hosts for a period of one day. Starting IP Address Field
The lowest address in the IP address range, based by default, on theIP address and subnet mask entered for the LAN interface
Can be changed to a different starting IP address, if necessary, butshould be the same network or subnet as a configured LAN interface
Ending IP Address Field The highest valid address in the IP address range, based by default,on the IP address and subnet mask assigned to the LAN interface
Can be changed to decrease the pool size Must be in the same network as the IP address in the starting IP
address field
SDM Express
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DHCP (continue) Domain Name Field
The domain name for the organization.
This name is given to the hosts as part of the DHCP configuration.
Primary Domain Name Server Field
The IP address of the primary DNS server Used to resolve URLs and names on the network
Secondary Domain Name Server Field
The IP address of a secondary DNS, if available
Used if the primary DNS server does not respond
Use these DNS values for DHCP clients checkbox
If checked, enables the DHCP server to assign DHCP clients with theconfigured DNS settings
Available if a DHCP server has been enabled on the LAN interface
SDM Express
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SDM Express
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Configure a Serial WAN Connection
Configuring an Internet (WAN) Connection Routers can also be connected via a serial connection, which connect
networks that are separated by large geographic distances.
These WAN network interconnections require that the serial connection bemade through a telecommunications service provider, or TSP.
Serial connections are usually lower-speed links
Serial Encapsulation The protocol encapsulation must be the same at both ends of a serial
connection
Encapsulation types include:
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
Frame Relay
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
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Configure a Serial WAN Connection
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Configure a Serial WAN Connection
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Configure a Serial WAN Connection
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Configure a Serial WAN Connection
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Address Type List Static IP Address
Available with Frame Relay, PPP, and HDLC encapsulation types.
Enter the IP address and subnet mask to configure a static IP address.
IP Unnumbered
Available with Frame Relay, PPP, and HDLC encapsulation types. Sets the serial interface address to match the IP address one of the
router's other functional interfaces.
IP Negotiated
The router obtains an IP address automatically through PPP
Select Easy IP (IP Negotiated).
The router will obtain an IP address automatically through PPP
Configure a Serial WAN Connection
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Configure a Serial WAN Connection
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Cisco SDM and SDM Express
SDM supports many of the same features that SDM Express supports;however, SDM has a more advanced GUI interface, with more configurationoptions available.
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Configure Dynamic NAT Using SDM
Dynamic NAT enables the hosts on the internal local network to share theregistered IP address assigned to the WAN interface. In this manner, hostswith internal private addresses can have access to the Internet.
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Configure Dynamic NAT Using SDM
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Configure Dynamic NAT Using SDM
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Configure Dynamic NAT Using SDM
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Configure Dynamic NAT Using SDM
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Command Line Interface Modes
The Cisco IOS supports two levels of access to the command-line interface:user EXEC access and privileged EXEC access.
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Command Line Interface Modes
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Command Line Interface Modes
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Cisco help
Command Line Interface Modes
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Command Line Interface Modes
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Command Line Interface Modes
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Command Line Interface Modes
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Command Line Interface Modes
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Use Show commands
The Cisco IOS CLI enables a user to display relevant information about theconfiguration and operation of the device. To obtain this information, showcommands are used.
Some of the more popular show commands are: show running-config
show interfaces
show arp show ip route
show users
show version
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Use Show commands
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Basic Configuration
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Basic Configuration
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Basic Configuration
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Configure an Interface
In order for a router to direct traffic from one network to another, the interfaceson the router are configured to participate in each of the networks.
There are many different types of interfaces available. Serial and Ethernetinterfaces are the most common. Local network connections use Ethernetinterfaces.
WAN connections require the use of a serial connection through a TSP. Theyrequire a clock signal to control the timing of the communications, this is knownas a clock rate.
Data Communications Equipment (DCE) devices such as a modem, orCSU/DSU, provides the clock rate. By default, Cisco routers are DTE devices,or Data Terminal equipment. This means that they accept the clock rate fromthe DCE device.
Router can be configured as DCE devices, if necessary
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Configure an Interface
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The steps to configure an interface include: 1. Specify the type of interface and the interface port number 2. Specify a description of the interface
3. Configure the interface IP address and subnet mask
4. Set the clock rate, if configuring a serial interface as a DCE
5. Enable the interface
Configure an Interface
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Configure a default Route
The default route is used by the router only if the router does not knowwhere to send a packet.
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C C S
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Configure DHCP Services
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C fi DHCP S i
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Configure DHCP Services
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C fi DHCP S i
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Configure DHCP Services
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C fi DHCP S i
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Configure DHCP Services
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C fi DHCP S i
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Configure DHCP Services
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Configure DHCP Services
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Configure DHCP Services
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Configure DHCP Services
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Config re Static NAT sing Cisco CLI
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Configure Static NAT using Cisco CLI
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Configure Static NAT using Cisco CLI
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Configure Static NAT using Cisco CLI
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Configure Static NAT using Cisco CLI
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Configure Static NAT using Cisco CLI
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Configure Static NAT using Cisco CLI
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Configure Static NAT using Cisco CLI
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Back up a Cisco Router Configuring to a TFTP Server
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Back up a Cisco Router Configuring to a TFTP Server
Once a router is configured, the running configuration should be saved to thestartup configuration file. It is also a good idea to save the configuration file inanother location, such as a network server. If the NVRAM fails or becomes corruptand the router cannot load the startup configuration file, another copy is available.
Configuration files can be saved to a network server using the TFTP protocol
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Back up a Cisco Router Configuring to a TFTP Server
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Standalone Switches
A switch is a device that is able to direct a stream of messages coming in oneport, out of another port based on the destination MAC address within theframe.
A switch cannot route traffic between two different local networks. In the context of the OSI model, a switch performs the Layer 2, known as the
data-link layer function.
This type of switch is a fixed-configuration, standalone device, and does not
use modules or flash card slots. The physical configuration can not change. They are designed to provide 10/100 Fast Ethernet and 10/100/1000 GigabitEthernet connectivity to desktop computers.
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Standalone Switches
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Standalone Switches
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Standalone Switches
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Standalone Switches
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Each switch port can operate in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode
When a port is in half-duplex mode, at any given time, it can either send orreceive data but not both
When a port is in full-duplex mode, it can simultaneously send and receivedata, doubling the throughput.
Both the port and the connected device must be set to the same duplex mode.
Switch ports can have the speed and duplex set manually or can use autonegotiation. If the switch is in autonegotiation mode and the connected device does not
support it, the switch will:
Use the speed of the other device (10, 100, 1000)
Default to half-duplex mode
Standalone Switches
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Sta da o e S tc es
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Cisco IOS switch software
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Power up the Cisco 2960 Switch
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Power up the Cisco 2960 Switch
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Initial Switch Configuration
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g
There are multiple options available to configure and manage a Cisco LANswitch. These options include:
Cisco IOS Command Line Interface (CLI)
Cisco Network Assistant
Cisco Device Manager
CiscoView Management Software
SNMP Network Management Products
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Initial Switch Configuration
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To configure the IP address assigned to the management interface on VLAN 1
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Connect the LAN Switch to the Router
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To connect the switch to a router, use a straight-through cables. LED lights on
the switch and router indicate that the connection is successful. Check connnection
1. Check the IP address configuration
Use the show running-configuration command to verify that the IPaddress of the management interface on the switch VLAN 1, and the IPaddress of the directly connected router interface are on the same localnetwork.
2. Use the ping command to test the connection.
Switches provide a feature called port security. It is possible to limit the numberof addresses that can be learned on an interface.
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Connect the LAN Switch to the Router
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is an information-gathering tool used on a
switch, ISR or router to share information with other directly connected Ciscodevices.
By default, CDP begins running when the device boots up. It then sendsperiodic messages, known as CDP advertisements, onto its directly connectednetwork
CDP operates at Layer 2 only and can be used on many different types of localnetworks, including Ethernet and serial networks.
Because it is a Layer 2 protocol, it can be used to determine the status of adirectly connected link when no IP address has been configured, or if the IPaddress is incorrect.
Two Cisco devices that are directly connected on the same local network arereferred to as being neighbors.
Information gathered by CDP includes: Device identifiers - configured host name Address list - Layer 3 address, if configured Port identifier - directly connected port, for example: serial 0/0/0 Capabilities list - function or functions provided by the device Platform - hardware platform of the device, for example Cisco 1841
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
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Install the CPE
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Network devices installed at the customer location are called customer premise
equipment (CPE). Before any equipment is installed at the customer site, the devices are
configured and tested at the ISP site.
Once the router is known to be configured correctly, all network cables, powercables, management cables, manufacturer documentation, manufacturersoftware, configuration documentation and the special tools needed for router
installation are assembled. An inventory checklist is used to verify that all necessary equipment needed to
install the router is present.
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Install the CPE
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The installation of a new router can be disruptive for a business.
Need a plan. This plan ensures that the customer will experience a minimum ofdisruption in service while the new equipment is installed.
When installing customer equipment, it is important to complete the job in aprofessional manner. This means that all network cables are labeled andfastened together or run through proper cable management equipment. Excesslengths of cable should be coiled and secured out of the way.
Update the documentation to include the current configuration for the router,and update the network diagrams to show the location of the equipment andcables that are installed.
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Install the CPE
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After the router is successfully installed and tested, the network technician
completes the installation checklist When the customer representative is satisfied that the router has been
correctly installed and is operational, they sign and date the checklist.Sometimes there is a formal acceptance document that is in addition to thechecklist. This procedure is often called the sign-off phase. It is critical that thecustomer representative signs off on the job because then the ISP can bill the
customer for the work.
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Install the CPE
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Installation Documentation When customer equipment is configured and installed on the customer
premise, it is important to document the entire process.
Documentation includes all aspects of how the equipment is configured,diagrams of how the equipment is installed, and checklists to validate thecorrect installation.
If a new configuration is needed, compare the documentation with theprevious router configuration to determine if and how the new configurationhas changed.
Start documenting the work during the installation of the router. All cablesand equipment should be correctly labeled and indicated on a diagram tosimplify future identification.
Follow an installation and verification checklist when installing a router.
Leave a copy of the final documentation with the customer.
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Professional Image
Many IT jobs require site visits to customer premises on a regular basis toinstall and troubleshoot equipment. A professional knows how to make the customer feel at ease and confident
in the technician's skills.
Dress for Success On the first visit to a customer location, it is important for the technician to
make a good first impression. The way the technicians are dressed and
their personal grooming is the first thing the customer notices. If thetechnician makes a bad first impression, it may be difficult to change thatimpression and gain the customer's confidence. Many employers provide auniform or have a dress code for their on-site technicians.
Language and Attitude The language and attitude of the technician reflect on the organization that
the technician represents. A customer may be anxious or concerned abouthow the new equipment will operate. When speaking with a customer, be
polite and respectful, and answer all customer questions. If additionalinformation is required, be sure to write down the customer inquiry andfollow up on it as soon as possible.
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Workplace Safety
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Ladders
High or Dangerous Locations Electrical Equipment Awkward Spaces Heavy Equipment
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New equipment at the customer site must be connected back to the
ISP to provide Internet services.
Wide Area Networks (WAN) When a company or organization has locations that are separated by large
geographical distances, it may be necessary to use the telecommunications serviceprovider (TSP) to interconnect the LANs at the different locations.
These networks that connect LANs in geographically separated locations are
referred to as Wide Area Networks (WANs).
WAN connections come in a variety of different types. WAN connections vary in thetype of connector used, in bandwidth and in cost.
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There are three types of serial WAN connections.
Point-to-Point A point-to-point WAN connection is a predefined communications path
from the customer premises through a telecommunications serviceprovider (TSP) network.
Point-to-point lines are usually leased from a TSP. (called leased lines)
Point-to-point connections are typically the most expensive of the WANconnection types and are priced based on bandwidth required and distancebetween the two connected points.
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Circuit Switched A circuit switched connection functions similarly to the way a phone call is
made over a telephone network
An example of a circuit switched WAN connection is an ISDN or dial-upconnection.
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There are many things to consider when planning a WAN upgrade.
Existing Infrastructure Included in the proposal is an explanation of existing infrastructure.
Customer Requirements This section of the proposal describes why a WAN upgrade is necessary
for the business.
WAN Options A list of all of the available WAN choices with the corresponding bandwidth,
cost, and other features that are applicable for the business is included inthe proposal.
Present the Plan
When the WAN upgrade proposal is completed, expect to present it to thebusiness decision makers
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Configure a Cisco Router using SSH
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Telnet A Telnet client can be used over an IP network connection to connect to a
device in-band for the purpose of monitoring and administering it
Telnet is not a secure protocol
Secure Shell (SSH) It is a protocol that functions similarly to Telnet. SSH protects all
authentication and transmitted data using encryption.
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Summary
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The key components on a Cisco 1841 ISR Methods to connect a PC to a network device for
configuration and monitoring tasks. (in-band and out-of-band)
Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM)
Cisco IOS command line interface (CLI) Configure SSH The key components of a Cisco Catalyst 2960 Series
Switch
CPE WAN
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