CCNA Dis3 - Chapter 1 - Networking in the Enterprise_ppt [Compatibility Mode]

8/3/2019 CCNA Dis3 - Chapter 1 - Networking in the Enterprise_ppt [Compatibility Mode]

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Chapter 1 Networking in the Enterprise

CCNA Discovery 4.0


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Intruduction

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Intruduction



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Intruduction



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Intruduction



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Objectives

Describle an enterprise

Indentify traffic flows through an enterpriseand describe the importance of an intranet

and extranet. Describe the different types and handling of

traffic in the enterprise.

Define the role and importance of atelecommuter. Describe the function and importance of

VPNs


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Describing theEnterprise

Network


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Supporting the Bussiness Enterprise

The network that is used tosupport the businessenterprise is called anenterprise network.

Support for criticalapplications

Support for convergednetwork traffic

Need for centralized

controlSupport for diverse

business requirements


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Supporting the Bussiness Enterprise

Businessesincreasingly rely ontheir networkinfrastructure toprovide mission

critical services.

Enterprise classequipment is designedfor reliability, with

features such asredundant powersupplies and failovercapabilities.


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Traffic Flow in the Enterprise Network

To optimize bandwidth on an enterprise network, thenetwork must be organized so that traffic stays localizedand is not propagated onto unnecessary portions of thenetwork.

Using the three-layer hierarchical design model helpsorganize the network.

This model divides the network functionality into threedistinct layers: Access Layer, Distribution Layer, and CoreLayer.


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Enterprise Campus:Consists of the campusinfrastructure with serverfarms and networkmanagement

Enterprise Edge: Consistsof the Internet, VPN, andWAN modules connectingthe enterprise with the

service provider's network Service Provider Edge:

Provides Internet, PublicSwitched TelephoneNetwork (PSTN), and WAN

services


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A well-designed network not onlycontrols traffic but also limits thesize of failure domains.

A failure domain is the area of anetwork impacted when a keydevice or service experiencesproblems.

The function of the device thatinitially fails determines theimpact of a failure domain.

For example, a malfunctioning

switch on a network segmentnormally impacts only hosts onthat segment. However, if therouter that connects thissegment to others fails, theimpact is much greater.


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Enterprise LANs and WAN


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Features of a LAN: The organization has the responsibility of installing and managing

the infrastructure.

Ethernet is the most common technology used.

The focus of the network is in the Access and Distribution Layers.

The LAN connects users, provides support for localizedapplications and server farms.

Connected devices are usually in the same local area, such as abuilding or a campus.


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Features of a WAN:Connected sites are usually geographically dispersed.

Connectivity to the WAN requires a device such as amodem or CSU/DSU to put the data in a form

acceptable to the network of the service provider.Services are provided by an ISP. WAN services

include T1/T3, E1/E3, DSL, Cable, Frame Relay, andATM.

The ISP has the responsibility of installing and

managing the infrastructure.

The edge devices modify the Ethernet encapsulation toa serial WAN encapsulation.


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Intranets and Extranets

Enterprise networks contain both WAN and LAN technologies. These networks provide many of the services associated with the

Internet, including:

Email

Web

FTP Telnet/SSH

Discussion forums

Many companies use this private network or intranet to provideaccess for local and remote employees using LAN and WAN

technologies Intranets may have links to the Internet. If connected to the Internet, firewalls control the traffic that enters and

exits the intranet.


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An extranet is a private network (intranet) that allowscontrolled access to individuals and companies outsidethe organization.

An extranet is not a public network.


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IdentifyingEnterprise

Applications


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Traffic Flow Patterns

LAN traffic:File sharing

Printing

Internal backup and mirroring

Intra-campus voice WAN traffic:

System updates

Company email

Transaction processing External traffic is traffic that originates from or is destined

to the Internet.

VPN and Internet traffic is considered external traffic flow.


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Traffic Flow Patterns


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Applications and Traffic on an Enterprise Network

Database transactionprocessing

Mainframe or data centeraccess

File and print sharing Authentication Web services Email and other

communications

VPN services Voice calls and voicemail Video and video conferencing


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Applications and Traffic on an Enterprise Network


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Network Traffic Prioritization

Data TrafficSome data applications are more concerned about

time-sensitivity than reliability, and most dataapplications can tolerate delays.

For this reason, data traffic usually employsTransmission Control Protocol (TCP).

TCP uses acknowledgments to determine when lostpackets must be retransmitted and thereforeguarantees delivery.

While the use of acknowledgements makes TCP amore reliable delivery protocol, it also incurs a delay.


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Voice and Video TrafficVoice traffic and video traffic are different from data

traffic.

Voice and video applications require an uninterrupted

stream of data to ensure high quality conversations andimages.

Therefore, voice and video applications employ UserDatagram Protocol (UDP) instead of TCP.

Since UDP does not have mechanisms for

retransmitting lost packets, it minimizes delays.


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In addition to understanding the delays of TCP versusUDP, it is also necessary to understand the delay, orlatency, caused by the networking devices that mustprocess the traffic on its path to the destination.

OSI Layer 3 devices create more delay than Layer 2devices due to the number of headers they have toprocess.

Jitter, caused by network congestion, is the variation intime of the packets arriving at their destination.

Quality of Service (QoS) is a process used to guarantee aspecified data flow. QoS mechanisms sort traffic intoqueues, based on priority.

Ex: Detail on 1.2.3 Currirulum


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SupportingRemote Workers


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Teleworking


Teleworking, also referred to as telecommuting and e-commuting, allows employees to use telecommunicationstechnology to work from their homes or other remotelocations.

The remote worker using the technology is called ateleworker or telecommuter.

Teleworking provides many advantages and opportunitiesfor both employer and employee.

Some companies have even reduced the expense of air

travel and hotel accommodations to bring their employeestogether by using teleconferencing and collaborationtools.

Is the method for a group of people to communicate inreal time online.


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Teleworking


Employees save time and money, and reduce stress, byeliminating the daily travel to and from the office.

Working from home allows employees to spend more timewith their families.


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Teleworking



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Teleworking


By combining large video displays and high quality audio inspecially-designed rooms, it appears as if all participants,regardless of their physical location, are sitting across theboardroom table from each other.


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Teleworking



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Virtual Private Networks


A much easier choice is to encrypt all traffic movingbetween the remote site and the enterprise network usingVirtual Private Networks (VPNs).

VPNs are often described as tunnels.

Anything that uses the underground tunnel to travelbetween the two points is surrounded and protected fromview.


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Virtual Private Networks


When using a VPN, a virtual tunnel is created by linking thesource and destination addresses.

VPNs are a client/server application; therefore, telecommutersmust install the VPN client on their computers in order to form a

secure connection with the enterprise network.


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Summary

A large bussiness environment with manyusers and locations or many system isreferred to as an enterprise.

Cisco Enterprise Architectures: An Internet Network Traffic

Teleworking, teleworkers VPNs


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