ccna1-mod5-CablingLANWAN

7/27/2019 ccna1-mod5-CablingLANWAN

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Module 5- Cabling LANs and WANs

CCNA 1 version 3.1

Hc vin m ng Cisco BchKhoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com

Contents

Characteristics of Ethernet networks Identify cables, hub, switch, bridge, wireless LAN Peer-to-peer and client-server networks WAN equipment , ISDN, DSL, cable modem


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Ethernet: LAN physical layer


Ethernet in the campus

Ethernet was first implemented by the Digital,Intel, and Xerox group, referred to as DIX

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE) 802.3 specification

The IEEE extended 802.3 to three newcommittees known as 802.3u (Fast Ethernet),802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber), and 802.3ab

(Gigabit Ethernet over UTP).


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Ethernet in various usage

An Ethernet speed of 10 Mbps can be used at the user level to provide good performance. Clients or servers thatrequire more bandwidth can use 100-Mbps Ethernet.

Fast Ethernet is used as the link between user andnetwork devices . It can support the combination of alltraffic from each Ethernet segment.

To enhance client-server performance across the campusnetwork and avoid bottlenecks, Fast Ethernet can be usedto connect enterprise servers .

Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet , as affordable, shouldbe implemented between backbone devices .


Ethernet media and connector requirements

Ethernet implementations are derived from theElectronic Industries Association and theTelecommunications Industry Association(EIA/TIA)

The categories of cabling defined for Ethernet arederived from the EIA/TIA-568


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The RJ45 plug and its cabling in side


The RJ45 Jack and its pins


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straight-through cable

crossover cable

Cable usages:X connects to X bycrossover

None X connects to noneX by crossover

None X connects to X bystraight


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A repeater receives a signal, regenerates it, and passes it on.

It can regenerate and retime network signals at the bit level to allow them totravel a longer distance on the media.

The Four Repeater Rule for 10-Mbps Ethernet should be used as a standardwhen extending LAN segments.

5-4-3-2-1 rule states that no more than four repeaters can be used betweenhosts on a LAN.

Repeater


Multi-port repeaters

Most commonly used in Ethernet 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T networks

There are Passive, Active, Intelligent hubs

The more devices there are attached to the hub, the more likely there will becollisions.. Every device connected to the same network segment is said tobe a member of a collision domain

Hub


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Passive A passive hub serves as a physical connection point only. It does notmanipulate or view the traffic that crosses it. It does not boost or clean the signal, sothe passive hub does not need electrical power.

Acti ve An active hub must be plugged into an electrical outlet because it needspower to amplify the incoming signal before passing it out to the other ports.Intelligent These devices basically function as active hubs, but also include amicroprocessor chip and diagnostic capabilities.

Hub


Wireless signals are electromagnetic waves that travel through the air

Wireless networks use Radio Frequency (RF), laser , infrared (IR), or satellite/microwaves to carry signals

The two most common wireless technologies used for networking are IR and RF

Two approaches currently being used to implement spread spectrum for WLANtransmissions are Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and DirectSequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Wireless


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Break up a large LAN into smaller , more easily managed segments, decreasesthe amount of traffic on a single LAN ( switches, routers, and gateways also cando)

1. Destination is same segment = dont forward

2. Destination is on different segment = forward

3. Destination is unknown = forward to all segment except the one that received it

Bridge


Multi-port bridge

Similarity to bridge but aswitch chooses the port towhich the destinationdevice or workstation isconnected

Switch : improve networkperformance by improvingspeed and bandwidth,alleviates congestion,replacing hubs withexisting cableinfrastructures

Switch


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Switch functions & benefits

Switching data frames is theprocess by which a frame isreceived on an input mediumand then transmitted to anoutput medium. Maintenanceof switching operationswhere switches build andmaintain switching tablesand search for loops

operate at much higher speeds than bridges and cansupport new functionality,such as virtual LANs

parallel in communication:use of virtual circuits (in avirtually collision-freeenvironment )


To connect a host device to the network medium

NICs are considered Layer 2 devices because each NIC carries a uniquecode called a MAC address

Consideration: expansion slot, network media/connector (may includedtransceiver)

NIC, Host connectiv ity


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Networked computerstake on different roles or functions in relation toeach other

Individual users controltheir own resources usersmay decide to sharecertain files with other users, no central point of control or administration inthe network

Relatively easy to install

and operate Doesnt scale up well

(less than 10 computers)

Peer-to-peer Network


Network services arelocated on a dedicatedcomputer called a server

Before a client can accessthe server resources, theclient must be identifiedand be authorized to usethe resource

Concentration of networkresources such as files,

printers, and applicationson servers also makes thedata generated easier toback-up and maintain

Client/server Network


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CSU/DSU

CSU/DSU

Modem TelcoService Provider (Cloud of WAN

Switches)

CO

Last Mileor Local Loop

L o c a

l

L A N

DTE DCE

DTE DCE

W A N L i n k

D e m a

r c

RemoteUser

Router CPE

RAS

WAN Connections

CO : Central Office. Local loop or last mile. CSU : Channel Service Unit. DSU : Data Service Unit. Demarc .: Demarcation Point. CPE: Customer Premises

Equipments. Router. Modem. Local LAN. DTE: Data Terminal

Equipment. DCE: Data Communication

Equipment.

Remote User.

RAS: Remote Access Server. WAN Switch. WAN Link.


WAN physical layer

T1/E1 or above

Up to T1/E1ISDN (BRI): two 64kbps (B channels) for data, one (D channel)at 16 kbps

2400bps up toT1(1.544M),E1(2.048M)


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WAN serial connections

WANs use serialtransmission

Normally the router will bea data terminal equipment(DTE) and use a DTEserial cable . A device thatprovides signal clockingsuch as a channel/dataservice unit (CSU/DSU)will connect to it.


Router & serial connections

Router connects WANsand LANs

Router serial cable is DTEbut maybe DCE if need toconfigure back-to-back

Interfaces on routers withfixed serial ports arelabeled for port type andport number, e.g. S0, S1,E0, F0

Interfaces on routers withmodular serial ports arelabeled for port type, slot,and port number, e.g.s0/1, fa0/0


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Router and other connections

ISDN BRI interface

Cable TV interface

DSL interface


Router & console connection

The console port allows monitoring and configuration of a Cisco hub, switch,

or router Need rollover cable and configure the terminal emulation application with the

following common equipment (COM) port settings: 9600 bps, 8 data bits, noparity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control

The AUX port is used to provide out-of-band management through a modem


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Summary

A network interface card (NIC) Use a crossover cable to connect between two similar devices,

such as switches, routers, PCs, and hubs. Use a straight-through cable to connect between different

devices, such as connections between a switch and a router, aswitch and a PC, or a hub and a router.

There are two major types of LANs, peer-to-peer andclient/server.

WANs use serial data transmission. WAN connection typesinclude ISDN, DSL, and cable modems.

A router is usually the DTE and needs a serial cable to connectto a DCE device like a CSU/DSU.


Summary

The ISDN BRI has two types of interfaces, S/T and U interfaces.To interconnect the ISDN BRI port to the service-provider device, a UTP Category 5 straight-through cable with RJ-45connectors, is used.

A phone cable and an RJ-11 connector are used to connect arouter for DSL service.

Coaxial cable and a BNC connector are used to connect arouter for cable service.

Rollover cable is used to connect a terminal and the consoleport of an internetworking device


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Lab

Establishing a Console Connection to a Router or Switch

Identify router interface names Setup simple WAN with two PCs, two switches,

two routers


http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/ phy-pages/phy.html

http://www.kan.org/networking/ nethardware.html http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/

sDefinition/0,,sid7_ gci213079,00.html

http://searchsystemsmanagement.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid20 _gci212660,00.html

http://www.vtac.org/Tech/TDbasics_of_ switching.htm http://www.webwisdom.com/edu_content/ cps640fall00/lectures/module3/WAN/ sld008.htm

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