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Operating Cisco IOS Software

Purpose of Cisco IOS Software

Basic routing and switching functions

Reliable and secure access to networkedresources

Network scalability

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Router user interface

The Cisco IOS software uses a command-lineinterface (CLI) as the traditional console

environment. This environment is accessible through several

methods:

Console

AUX

Telnet

Router user interface modes

The Cisco (CLI) uses a hierarchical structure.

Each configuration mode is indicated with a distinctive prompt andallows only commands that are appropriate for that mode. The IOSprovides a command interpreter service known as the commandexecutive (EXEC).

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User EXEC and Privileged EXEC

The user EXEC modeallows only a limitednumber of basic

monitoring commands.This is often referred toas a view only mode.

The privileged EXECmode accesses all routercommands. This modecan be configured torequire a password fromthe user before accessing

it.

Operating Environment

The ROM monitor performs the bootstrap process

and provides low-level functionality anddiagnostics. It is used to recover from systemfailures and to recover a lost password.

Boot ROM mode use a limited subset of the CiscoIOS feature set, is used primarily to replace CiscoIOS image that is stored in flash.

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Check for IOS

To see the IOS image and version that isrunning, use the show version command, which

also indicates other system settings. The show flash command is used to verify that

the system has sufficient memory to load a newCisco IOS image

Command: show versionROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version

11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

LAB_A uptime is 0 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c1700-ny-mz.122-13.T8.bin", bootedvia flash

cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision N) with 6144K/2048K bytesof memory.

Processor board ID 09218746, with hardware revision 00000000Bridging software.X.25 software, Version 2.0, NET2, BFE and GOSIP compliant.1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)2 Serial network interface(s)32Kbytes of non-volatile configuration memory.8192Kbytes of processor board Systemflash (Read ONLY)Configuration register is 0x2102

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Command: show flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status1 5895768 c1700-ny-mz.122-13.T8.bin

[5895832 bytes used, 2492776 available, 8388608 total]8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

Starting a Router

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Router Startup Sequence

Setup Mode

Setup is not intended as the mode for enteringcomplex protocol features in the router.

Setup mode is to install a minimal configurationfor a router, unable to locate a configurationfrom another source.

Setup mode is called when there is noconfiguration file at startup or when user issuesetup command

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Setup Mode

At startup, if you see the question Would you like to enter the

initial configuration dialog?, answerno. Jump out of setup mode without saving by pressing Ctrl+C

Router LED indicators

Cisco routers use LED indicators to providestatus information.

An interface LED indicates the activity of thecorresponding interface.

The green OK LED will be on after the system

initializes correctly.

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Initial Bootup

Logging into the router

User Mode

Privileged Mode

Config Mode

Interface config

Line config

Router config

A user must login to the router before anyother commands are entered.

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Keyboard help in the router CLI

Typing a question mark (?) displays a handy listof available commands.

The "--More--" prompt at the bottom of thedisplay indicates that multiple screens areavailable as output. Press the Spacebarto viewthe next page, or Enter key to view the next line.

The dollar sign ($) indicates that the line hasbeen scrolled to the left.

Editing and History Functions

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CCNA2 Module2