CCNA3 v3.1 Module 6

8/14/2019 CCNA3 v3.1 Module 6

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1© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CCNA 3 v3.1 Module 6Switch Configuration

LOCAL CISCO ACADEMY ELSYS TU

INSTRUCTOR: STELA STEFANOVA

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Objectives

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Catalyst 2950 series Switches Features

• Fixed configuration symmetrical switches withall ports being FastEthernetor 10/100;

• Asymmetrical switcheswith two fixed fiber or copper Gigabit Ethernet ports;

• Asymmetrical switcheswith modular GigabitInterface Converter (GBIC)slots

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LEDs

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

• help monitor system activity and performance;

• on the front of a switch:- System LED

- Remote Power Supply (RPS) LED

- Port Mode LEDs- Port Status LEDs

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LEDs

System LED

• shows whether the system is receiving power and functioningcorrectly;

RPS LED

• indicates whether or not the remote power supply is in use;

Mode LEDs

• indicate the current state of the Mode button;

• are used to determine how the Port Status LEDs are interpreted;

• to select or change the port mode, press the Mode button repeatedlyuntil the Mode LEDs indicate the desired mode.

Port Status LEDs

• have different meanings, depending on the current value of theMode LED.

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Switch Mode LED Indicators

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Mode LED

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Mode LED

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Mode LED

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Verifying Port LEDs During Switch POST

Power-On Self Test (POST)

• runs automatically to verify that the switch

functions correctly;

• POST failure is considered to be a fatal error ;

• should not expect a reliable operation of the

switch if POST fails.

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Verifying Port LEDs During Switch POST

Port Status LEDs during POST:

turn amber - for about 30 seconds

• the switch discovers the network topology and

searches for loops;

turn green

• the switch has established a link between the

port and a target, such as a computer;turn off

• the switch has determined that nothing is plugged into the port.

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Connecting Switch to PC

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Console Connection

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Console Connection

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Console Connection

Shows information about the switch:

• details about POST status;

• data about the switch hardware.

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Switch CLI

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Command-Line Interface (CLI)

Command-line interface (CLI) for Ciscoswitches:

• is very similar to the CLI for Cisco routers.

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“Help” command

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“help” command

“Help” commandWord help

• to obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, enter those characters followedimmediately by the question mark (?);

• do not enter a space before the question mark;

• it completes a word.

Command syntax help

• to list keywords or arguments that are associated with aparticular command, enter one or more words associatedwith the command, followed by a space and then a question mark (?);

• provides applicable keywords or arguments based on a

partial command.

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Command Modes

• User EXEC

• Privileged EXEC

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User EXEC mode

User EXEC mode

• default mode;

• is recognized by its prompt, whichends in a greater-than character (>);

• available commands are limited:

- to change terminal settings;- to perform basic tests;

- to display system information.

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“show” command

Show commands that are available in User EXEC mode

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Privileged EXEC mode

Privileged EXEC mode

• to enter enable command is used from User EXECmode;

• is recognized by its prompt, which ends in a pound-sign character (#);

• the command set includes the configure command:

- allows other command modes to be accessed;

• should be password protected to preventunauthorized use;

• the password does not appear on the screen, and iscase sensitive.

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Default Running Configuration

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• when powered up for the first time, a switchhas default data in the running configuration

file;• default hostname - Switch;

• no passwords are set on the console or

virtual terminal (vty) lines;• the switch has no IP address (IP address for

management purposes is configured on the virtual interface VLAN 1)

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Verifying the Catalyst Switch DefaultConfiguration

• show running-config

• show interface• show vlan

• show flash

• show version

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Default Port Settings


• the switch ports or interfaces are set toauto mode;

• all switch ports are in VLAN 1;

• VLAN 1 is known as the default management VLAN.

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Default Flash Directory Content


• by default flash directory contains:

- IOS image;- file env_vars;

- sub-directory html.

• flash directory does not contain:

- config.text – switch configuration file;

- vlan.dat - VLAN database file.

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IOS Version and Config. Register

show version command – used to verify:

• IOS version;

• configuration register settings.

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Reset Switch Configuration

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Steps to overwrite any existing configuration:

• Remove the current VLAN information:

- delete the VLAN database file vlan.dat from the flash directory

• Erase the back up configuration file:

- delete file startup-config

• Restart the switch:

- use reload command.

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Configuring the Switch

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Hostname and Passwords Configuration

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IP address and Default Gateway Configuration

IP address Configuration:

• allows the switch to be accessible by Telnet and other TCP/IP applications

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VLAN1

Management VLAN:

• by default, VLAN 1 is the management

VLAN;• all internetworking devices should be in

the management VLAN;

• allows a single management workstationto access, configure, and manage all theinternetworking devices.

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Port Speed and Duplex Settings Configuration

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Port Speed and Duplex Settings Configuration

Fast Ethernet switch ports:

•by default set to auto-speed and auto-

duplex (allows the interfaces tonegotiate these settings);

•Network administrators can manually

configure the interface speed andduplex values

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HTTP Service and Port Configuration

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Configuring the Catalyst Switch

Web Management Interface

Web Management Interface

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MAC Address Table

Switches

• examine the source address of frames that

are received on the ports;• learn the MAC addresses of PCs or

workstations that are connected to their

switch ports;• record learned MAC addresses in a MAC

address table.

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Check Learned MAC Addresses

show mac-address-table command - Privileged EXEC mode

• examines the addresses that a switch has learned

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MAC Address Table

Switches:

• dynamically learn and maintain thousandsof MAC addresses;

• learned entries may be discarded from theMAC address table (to preserve memory and for optimal operation) ;

• the MAC address entry is automaticallydiscarded or aged out after 300 seconds (if no frames are seen with a previously learned address).

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Check Learned MAC Addresses

Clear mac-address-table command - Privileged EXEC mode

• used to remove dynamically learned MAC addresses;

• used to remove static MAC address entries.

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Managing the MAC Address Table

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Static MAC Addresses

Static MAC address:

• permanently assigned to an interface;

Reasons for use a Static MAC address:

• will not be aged out automatically by the switch;

• a specific server or user workstation must be attached to the port and the MAC address isknown;

• Security is enhanced.

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Configuring Static MAC Addresses

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Configuring Static MAC Addresses

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Static MAC Addresses

To configure:

Switch(config)# mac-address-table static <mac-

address of host > interface FastEthernet <Ethernet

number > vlan <vlan name >

To remove:

Switch(config)# no mac-address-table static <mac-

address of host > interface FastEthernet <Ethernet

number > vlan <vlan name >

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Port Security

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Port Security

Port Security

• It is possible to limit the number of

addresses that can be learned on an interface;

• the number of MAC addresses per portcan be limited to 1;

• the first address dynamically learned bythe switch becomes the secure address.

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Port Security Configuration

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Port Security

To configure port security :

Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security

To reverse port security:

Switch(config-if)# no switchport port-

security

To verify port security status:

Switch(config)#show port security

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Adding and Moving Switchesto the Network

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Adding New Switch

Adding New Switch

Must be configured:

• Switch name;

• IP address for the switch in themanagement VLAN;

• a default gateway;

• Line passwords.

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Adding New Switch

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Moving a Switch

Host is moved:

• from one port or switch to another;

• configurations that can cause unexpectedbehavior should be removed;

• configuration that is required can then be added.

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Add, Remove and Change MAC Addresses

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Managing Switch Operation

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• An administrator should document andmaintain the operational configurationfiles for networking devices;

• The most recent running-configuration file should be backed up on a server or disk;

• The Cisco IOS Software should also be

backed up to a local server . The Cisco IOSSoftware can then be reloaded to Flashmemory if needed.

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Password Recovery

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Enable Security

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Password Recovery (2950)

• Make sure that a PC is connected to theconsole port and a HyperTerminalwindow is open.

• Turn the switch off . Turn it back on whileholding down the “MODE” button on thefront of the switch at the same time that

the switch is powered on. Release the“MODE” button after the STAT LED goesout.

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• Type flash_init

• Type load_helper

• Type dir flash:

• rename flash:config.text flash:config.old

• Type boot

• N at the following prompt to start theSetup program.

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• Type rename flash:config.old

flash:config.text

2. copy flash:config.text system:running-config

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Firmware and IOS Images

To upgrade the IOS, download a copy of the new image to a local server

from the Cisco Connection Online (CCO) Software Center

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Summary

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Exercises

E-Labs6.2.1. e-Lab Activity – Basic Switch Operation

6.2.2. e-Lab Activity – Basic Switch Configuration

6.2.3. e-Lab Activity – Managing the MAC Address Table

6.2.4. e-Lab Activity – Configuring Static MAC Addresses6.2.5. e-Lab Activity – Configuring Port Security

6.2.6. e-Lab Activity – Add, Move, Change MAC Addresses

6.2.7. e-Lab Activity – Managing Switch Operating System Files

6.2.7. e-Lab Activity – Managing Switch Startup Configuration Files6.2.8. e-Lab Activity – Password Recovery Procedure on a Catalyst

2900 Series Switch

6.2.9. e-Lab Activity – Firmware Upgrade on a Catalyst 2900 SeriesSwitch

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Exercises

Lab Activity6.2.1. Lab Activity – Verifying Default Switch Configuration

6.2.2. Lab Activity – Basic Switch Configuration

6.2.3. Lab Activity – Managing the MAC Address Table

6.2.4. Lab Activity – Configuring Static MAC Addresses

6.2.5. Lab Activity – Configuring Port Security

6.2.6. Lab Activity – Add, Move, Change MAC Addresses

6.2.7. Lab Activity – Managing Switch Operating System Files

6.2.7. Lab Activity – Managing Switch Startup Configuration Files

6.2.8. Lab Activity – Password Recovery Procedure on a Catalyst 2900Series Switch

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CCNA3 v3.1 Module 6

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