Don Lawton, Richard Adamson, Kirk OsadetzContainment and Monitoring Institute
Carbon Management Canada & University of CalgaryStanford CCS Workshop, May 22, 2014
CaMI 2013-0007
CCS monitoring for conformance and containment: can technology meet
policy and public requirements?
2
44 research projects155 researchers at 27 universities
Govt of CanadaGovt of Alberta
$22M
Carbon Management Canada
2009-2014
Canada’s emissions reductionwedges
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Shell Questsaline storage
1.1Mt/year starting in 2015
Alberta CO2 Trunk LinePipeline + CO2-EOR
SaskPower Boundary DamCO2 - EOR at Weyburn
CCS - Acquistore
1 Mt/year starting in 2014
CCS RFA
Government
of Alberta
Regulatory
Framework
Assessment
(August 2013)
RFA recommendation
Risk Assessment, Monitoring, and Technical Requirements
“Require MMV and closure plans to be based on a project-specific risk assessment, and include the use of best available technologies to monitor the atmosphere, surface, ground and surface water, and subsurface.”
RFA recommendation
Closure requirements
“a) Sequestered CO2 and affected fluids are conforming to theobjectives and regulatory requirements as described in the project application and approvals.
c) Sequestered CO2 and affected fluids are contained in thesequestration complex.
d) Sequestered CO2 is behaving in a predictable manner.
e) Sequestered CO2 is expected to continue to behave in apredictable manner and is trending towards stability”
Monitoring Challenges
• Thin storage formations (saturation-thickness)
• Thief zones, resolution
• High matric K and µ values
• Pressure vs CO2 saturation
• Pressure interference with existing
hydrocarbon pools
• Pressure interference between adjacent CCS
projects
• Brine/CO2 migration through old wells
• Out of zone CO2 migration to another storage
formation (pore space)
Pembina-Cardium CO2-EOR
Dep
th (m
)
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Gamma Ray
(API)
0 130 1500 3000
Density
(kg/m3)
1000 6000
Synthetic
Seismogram and
Seismic Wavelet
80 10090
Seismic
Cross-line
(In-line 86 )
P-wave
Speed
(m/s)
1000 6000 1.0 3.0
S-wave
Speed
(m/s)
a/b Ratio
(unitless)
-0.2 0.2
P-wave
Reflectivity
(unitless)
Cardium
Viking
Ardley
Pembina –Cardium CO2-EOR Baseline
Tim
e (
s)
0.1
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2834
Ardley
Cardium
Viking
South NorthOffset (m)
Pembina –Cardium CO2-EOR MonitorOffset (m)
Tim
e (
s)
0.1
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2834South North
Ardley
Cardium
Viking
60,000 tonnes injected
Time-lapse anomaly
Tim
e (
s)
0.1
0.5
1.0
1.5
Ardley
Cardium
Viking
0.0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2834
Offset (m)South North
Cardium Stratigraphy
CO2
injection target
(Dashtgard et al., 2006)
Dep
th
1637 m
1618 m
1598 m
(Dashtgard et al., 2006)
CMC Institutes
16
• Containment and Monitoring Institute (CaMI)o Monitoring subsurface fluid containment and
conformance.
• Capture and Conversion
– Relates to capture technologies and pathways to find alternate uses for CO2;
– Focuses on capture from natural gas sources.
• Industrial/grid scale energy storage (proposed)
• Technology Evaluation (proposed)
Monitoring and containmentneeds/applications
• Secure carbon storage• CO2 - enhanced oil recovery• Steam chamber containment and effectiveness
• Characterization of hydraulic or natural fractures
• Groundwater protection• Legacy wells /abandonment issues and fugitive
emissions• Acid gas or other fluid disposal• Induced seismicity risk analysis and mitigation
http://o.canada.com/technology/environment/oil-spill-alberta-underground
http://desmog.ca/2014/02/19/cnrl-releases-new-lower-cold-lake-oil-spill-estimates
CaMI Field Research Station
• Undertake controlled CO2 release at 300 m & 700 m depth; ~1000 t/yr.
• Develop improved monitoring technologies.• Determine CO2 detection thresholds.• Enable university & industry training &
research.• Understand fate of methane in aquifers.
• Provide quantitative monitoring protocols to regulators and industry.
• Accelerate public outreach & education.• Provide on-site fuel cell for CO2 source and
natural gas utilization; energy storage.
Location of the FRS
FRS
Calgary
FRS site – courtesy Cenovus
Seismic vibe
Bedrock geology Newell County
CO2 injectors
De
pth
CO2
Observationwell(s)
Well-
base
d m
onitoring t
ech
nolo
gie
s
surface monitoringtechnologies
CO2 300 m
700 m
BGP
CaMI FRS project
Shallow Injection: Basal Belly RiverDepth: 300 m
Deep Injection: Medicine Hat SandDepth: 700 m
Pakowki
2ws
BFS
Mannville
Stettler
Pekisko
Section 22
Bow Island/(Viking)
BBR
2WS
CaMI FRS
Effective porosity
Schlumberger
CaMI Field Research Station
CaMI FRS surface layout
CaMI FRS technologies• 3D-3C surface seismic surveys
• 3D vertical seismic profiles
• Cross-well seismic surveys
• Microseismic surveys
• Full logging suites & core analysis
• Fiber-optic monitoring technologies
• Geomechanics analysis
• Geochemical sampling/tracers
• Pressure/temperature monitoring
• Groundwater monitoring surveys
• Environmental geophysical surveys
• Casing gas, soil & atmospheric surveys
• Tiltmeters & DGPS surveys
• InSAR imaging and interpretation
• SOFC CO2 supply
Schedule• Q1 2014: Consult with AER on regulatory requirements.
• Q1 2014: Public outreach and consultation program.
• Q2 2014: Completion of reprocessing and assessment of existing
seismic data.
• Q2 2014: Planning of baseline water well sampling program.
• Q2 2014: Completion of initial pre-drilling geostatic model
• Q2 2014: Execution of new baseline seismic program
• Q2 2014: Completion of well design.
• Q2 2014: Completion of baseline simulation.
• Q2-Q3 2014: Completion of baseline water well sampling and
analysis program.
• Q3 2014: Completion of the drilling application.
• Q3 2014: Initial drilling program.
• Q4 2014: Refined Geostatic model.
• Q4 2014: Injection permitting.
• Q1-Q2 2015: Completion of injection and observation wells.
Contacts
Richard Adamson, Managing Director, CMC403 210 7767 / [email protected]
Dr. Don Lawton, Institute Director, CMC.CaMI403 210 6671 / [email protected]
Kirk Osadetz, Programs Development Manager (CMC.CaMI)403 210 7108/ [email protected]
CMC Website:http://cmcghg.com
Ruth Klinkhammer, Director of Communications, CMC403 210-7879/ [email protected]