Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
C&D Waste Handling Business Opportunities
&Technical Challenges
Sudhir MisraDepartment of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 INDIA
Email: [email protected]
1
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
2
• NB Mazumdar, Chief Technical Officer, IEISL, New Delhi
• Arun Sharma, Plant Manager, C&D Recycling Plant, New Delhi
• Rajiv Garg, Superintending Engineer, IWD, IIT Kanpur
• Akash Rao, Former Graduate Student, IIT Kanpur
• Jeenu Thomas, Graduate Student, IIT Kanpur
• Chetan Chauhan, Graduate Student, IIT Kanpur
Acknowledgements
23R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
1. Introduction to Construction and Demolition Waste in India
2. Bottlenecks in Construction and Demolition Waste Handling
3. Business Opportunities in bottlenecks
• Onsite Waste Handling
• Recycling Facility
• Recycled Material Utilization
4. Future course of Action (to be finalized towards to end!!)
Key Points
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 3
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
4
Source: [1] Ashokan Pappu et al, [2] TIFAC Report
INDIA’S GDP
11%
$100 BILLIONINDUSTRY
40-60% INVESTMENT
IS IN MATERIALS
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY SECOND LARGEST SHARE !
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SAVED IF
3R IS APPLIED
Size of Construction Industry
3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
5
Conflicting Numbers for C&D Waste
• Data in India is scarce and often it is more ‘estimates’• An estimate based on the waste produced per unit
built-up area has been done by the Centre for Science and Environment, which puts the C&D Waste generated figures to 626MT in 2013 alone!!
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 5
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Where does the C&D Waste Go ?
LYING ON-SITE DUMPED IN OPEN-SPACES
DUMPED NEAR RIVER-BEDS SENT TO LANDFILLS
Image Credits : CSE(Centre for Science and Environment) Govt. India, Report,2013 6
3R C
on
fere
nce
, Mal
e, M
ald
ives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
7
Bottlenecks in opportunities and challenges
73R Conference, Male, Maldives
Technology, Policy Framework, Government Subsidy and
Operational Efficiency
Technical Specifications, (RMC, Aggregates and
Finished Products)
Reduction and Management of
Waste on Site
C&D Waste cycle
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
8
Case Study: Building Demolition
– Planning the demolition
– Contractual provisions
– Waste produced, recycledand re-used
83R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
9
Demolition Process and Planning
• Demolition was part of the re-construction contract andthe contractor had bid for the ‘demolished building’
• Top to down approach was planned
• Non-Load bearing parts were broken first by hammeringand then the beams and columns.
• All demolition was done manually – tradeoff betweenCost and Time !!
• Some recovered material was sold and remaining reusedas filler/base
93R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
10
Imag
e: G
irls
Ho
ste
l, C
red
its
: C
he
tan
Ch
auh
an, I
IT K
anp
ur
10
3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Demolition carried taking care to remove the individual bricks as whole
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
11
Imag
e: G
irls
Ho
ste
l, C
red
its
: C
he
tan
Ch
auh
an ,I
IT K
anp
ur
11
3R Conference, Male, Maldives
RC bought down to facilitate removal of steel that was are later sold as scrap
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
12
Onsite: Recycled/Recovered/Re-Used Products
WINDOWS BRICK-BATS BRICKS
STEEL FIXTURES PLUMBING FIXTURE
Image: Girls Hostel, Credits :Chetan Chauhan, IIT Kanpur
123R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
C & D Waste handling facility
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 13
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
14
Cost Analysis in Processing C&D Waste
REVENUES
COSTS (1)
WASTE
Charges for lifting
Fue
l an
d
Tran
sp. C
ost
s
Fue
l Co
st
Raw
Mat
eri
al (
For
ne
w f
inis
he
d
pro
du
cts)
Fe Scrap, Compact waste
Recycled Aggregates, RMC, Pavement Tiles, Kerb-Stones, Fine Silt , Clay
3R
COSTS (2) : LAND, MACHINES, OPERATION, PERMITS, ESTABLISHMENT
3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Wat
er
and
El
ect
rici
ty !
!
14
Mat
eri
al
Han
dlin
g C
ost
s
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
15
C&D Recycling Plant, Bhurari, Delhi
153R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
16
Process Line Flow
163R Conference, Male, Maldives
INCOMING MATERIAL
INSPECTION
SEGREGATION
CONCRETE BLOCKS MIXED C&D
WASTE
RECOVERED WASTE
RECYCLED AGGREGATESFINISHED PRODUCTS
BRICKS/TILES/WOODEN PEICES
1. Purchase of C&D Waste through MCD,
NDMC and PWD2. Material inspected, manually sorted before
processing
3. Technical specifications of the technology used to
process waste
4. Market for these materials
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
17
• Established with initial capacity of 500TPD, but now processes close to 2000TPD
• Waste is collected from designated sites in the city • Alternate Waste Stream comes form government bodies
like MCD, PWD, DMRC• Incoming material is weighed and kept for sortingSpecial Notes
• Incoming mixed C&D Waste consists of clean concrete pieces, bricks, tiles, wood, plastic and rubble
• Waste is generally free from Paints, Varnishes, Chemicals, Asbestos and Asphalt
Some Details
173R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
FINISHED PRODUCTS SORTED WASTEAGGREGATES
C&D WASTE
What is a C&D Recycling Plant ?
REDUCEDRECYCLEDRECOVERED
183R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
19
ELECTRONIC WEIGHING BRIDGE SORTED BRICKS
3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
20
DRY PROCESSING WET PROCESSING
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 20
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
21
EVO WASH TECHNIQUE SILT WASHING / SEPARATION
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 21
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
22
Case Study: Finished Products
TILES AND KERBSTONES MANUFACTURED BRICKS
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 22
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
1. Model for setting up and running the plant
2. Costs, processing and possible subsidies
3. Manual Inspection of Materials (Livelihood and Sustainability propagated through this medium)
4. Appropriate technology – crushing, washing, separation
23
Business Opportunities to talk about
233R Conference, Male, Maldives 23
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
24
Lessons for future plants
1. Large stream of incoming waste but stockpiles of processed material, which is not ‘acceptable’, even for non-structural purposes
2. Location and size of plants needs to be carefully decided
3. Impacts on EnvironmentA. Residential Area Proximity is an important criteriaB. Sound and Dust Pollution related considerationsC. Vibrations need to be controlled while the plant operates D. Designated site to store the processed and unprocessed waste
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 24
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Characterization of recycled material (aggregate)
• High Water Absorption
• Low ultimate Strength
• Low impact Strength/ Hardness of Aggregate
25
Using RCA (vs. Natural Aggregates) in concrete
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 25
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
• Structural vs. Non-Structural uses
• Level of Replacement
• Grade of the concrete
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 26
An examination of the recycled material using tests for ‘new’ material, will only establish it to be a ‘lower level material’. In order to use it (permit it to be used), we need provisions relating to the following
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
• Quality of material
• User
• Price
27
Selling the products made from recycled material
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 27
Need appropriate technical and commercial guidelines
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
28
Going forward
• Compile a document that comprehensively addresses thediverse aspects of the problem – though the issues couldbe country specific, a basic template for compilation of information and data is urgently needed.
• The document should facilitate monitoring over a periodof time, and set well defined targets and plans of action
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 28
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 29
:: Where there is a will, there is a way ::
29
Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur
3R Conference, Male, Maldives 30
:: Thank you for your kind attention ::
30
