+ All Categories
Home > Documents > CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018....

CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018....

Date post: 12-Sep-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 0 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
29
Transcript
Page 1: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on
Page 2: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on
Page 3: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on
Page 4: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on
Page 5: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

• Although not a strict requirement, it is recommended that • mycology laboratories that culture for filamentous fungi and • manipulate those organisms be separate and isolated from • the main microbiology laboratory with negative air pressure 

• moving into the room from the main laboratory Direct access• moving into the room from the main laboratory. Direct access • to a Class II biological safety cabinet (BSC) is critical for this • activity whether mycology work is conducted in a separateactivity whether mycology work is conducted in a separate • room or in an isolated section of the main laboratory. Most • mycology diagnostic work can be conducted in the biosafety 

• level (BSL)‐2 laboratory.

Page 6: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.1. Specimen Receiving and Log‐In/SetUp StationStation

• 7 1 1 Leaking containers7.1.1. Leaking containers• Guidelines for the general microbiology 

laboratory apply also for the mycologylaboratory apply also for the mycology laboratory. 

• No special recommendations are necessary.

Page 7: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.1. Specimen Receiving and Log‐In/SetUp StationStation

• 7 1 2 Visible contamination on outside of7.1.2. Visible contamination on outside ofcontainer

• Guidelines for the general microbiology• Guidelines for the general microbiology laboratory apply also for the mycology 

laboratorylaboratory. • No special recommendations are necessary.

Page 8: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.1. Specimen Receiving and Log‐In/SetUp Station

• 7 1 3 Loose caps7.1.3. Loose caps• Guidelines for the general microbiology 

laboratory apply also for the mycologylaboratory apply also for the mycology laboratory. 

• No special recommendations are necessary.

Page 9: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal7.2. Stains and Disposal

• 7 2 1 Gram stain7.2.1. Gram stain• The Gram stain is not the optimum stain for 

fungus but iffungus, but if • used particularly for yeast, the same 

id li h lguidelines that apply to • bacteriology/clinical microbiology are 

followed for mycology.

Page 10: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal7.2.2. Mycology stains

• •Calcofluor white is notconsidered a hazardoussubstance;

• no special safety measures are required. Use routinelaboratory procedures: i.e., after skin contact, washwith soap and water; after eye contact, rinse eye wellp ; y , ywith water; seekmedical attention if illness is reportedafter inhalation or swallowing.

• Follow accepted laboratory procedures applied toinfectious materials for handling and disposing of 

slidesslides.

• Fungal  cells stained with calcofluor white can remain gviable.

Page 11: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal7.2.2. Mycology stainsy gy

If potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used with thecalcofluor white more stringent precautions mustcalcofluor white, more stringent precautions must 

be taken. 

• KOH 10%–15% solution is corrosive. Handle it with care. 

• KOH may cause burns or irritation to skin, eyes, andrespiratory tract. Avoid eye/skin contact andinhalation or ingestion. Use gloves and eye protectionif there is a danger of splashing or aerosol formation.

l d h d• — KOH is not listed as hazardous waste.

Page 12: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal7 2 2 Mycology stains7.2.2. Mycology stains

• Lactophenol cotton blue (lactophenol aniline blue or

• Poirrier’s blue) • lactophenol cotton blue is acidic; avoid contact with• — lactophenol cotton blue is acidic; avoid contact with  

skin, eyes, and clothing.• — Rinse thoroughly with water if spilled.

• — For fungal slides stained with the fluid, follow accepted laboratory procedures for handling and 

disposing of infectious materials.p g

• —Dispose as hazardous waste.

Page 13: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal 7 2 2 Mycology stains7.2.2. Mycology stains

India inkIndia ink• —No special personal protection is required 

under normal use conditions; however theunder normal use conditions; however, the yeast cells can remain viable.

• — India ink is not a regulated hazardous waste. 

Page 14: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal

7.2.2. Mycology stains 

Acid‐fast stainAcid fast stain• Guidelines for the tuberculosis laboratoryapply also for the mycology laboratoryapply also for the mycology laboratory.

• No special recommendations are necessary.

Page 15: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal 7 2 2 M l t i7.2.2. Mycology stains

Gomori methenamine silver stainGomori methenamine silver stain

di i i d• — Ingredients are toxic, corrosive, and harmful; avoid contact with skin and eyes.

• —Use with adequate ventilation; do not inhale.

• —Dispose of as a hazardous waste.

Page 16: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.2. Stains and Disposal7 2 2 Mycology stains7.2.2. Mycology stains

• Giemsa stainGiemsa stain

f i h l Gi• — Because of its methanol content, Giemsastain is toxic by inhalation, absorption, ori i P i l d f lingestion. Protective gloves and safety gogglesare not required but are recommended.

Page 17: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.3. Culture Reading at the Bench 

A separate, closable room for  mycology  activities is recommended but not required.

•Conduct all culture manipulations in a BSC whether in a separate room or within awhether in a separate room or within a 

designated space in the open microbiology laboratory. 

• All mould colonies (filamentous, fuzzy, cottony) must be handled in a Class II BSCmust be handled in a Class II BSC. 

• This applies as well to moulds growing on• This applies as well to moulds growing on bacteriology plates. 

Page 18: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.3. Culture Reading at the Bench (1,113)

Use shrink sealsor tape to seal petri dishes (especially if mould begins to grow) in order to prevent accidental opening and spread of hyphal

segments, conidia, or spores.

Never use plates if Coccidioides immitis is suspected or  if a filamentous culture is to be mailed or otherwise transported to another 

laboratory Use slants in screw‐cap tubeslaboratory. Use slants in screw cap tubes.

• —Observe all plates and slants for growth before opening.In general cultures growing yeast‐like colonies can be read on theIn general, cultures growing yeast‐like colonies  can be  read  on the 

open bench in a BSL‐2 laboratory; but if the isolate is suspected of being Cryptococcus neoformans(moist, mucoid colonies) or any 

dimorphic fungus, move it to a Class IIA2 BSC.

Never sniff a fungal culture to determine whether it has an odor. Do not open plates containing moulds on the  open bench, even if it is a 

b t i l k t tibacteriology work station.

Page 19: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.4. Personal Precautions

• 7.4.1. Biosafety cabinet

The Class IIA2 BSC is recommended forsome mycology work; i.e., all moulds y gy ; ,

(fuzzy, wooly, cottony, powdery, or velvety) must be handled in the BSC, never on the ,

open bench.

For mycology, follow the same BSCguidelines that apply to bacteriologyguidelines that apply  to bacteriology.

Page 20: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.4. Personal Precautions

• 7.4.2. Personal protective equipment

• Guidelines for the general microbiologylaboratory apply also for the mycology 

laboratory.

• • Wear gloves and remove watches andbracelets when manipulating a mould culture 

having the possibility of being a dermatophytehaving the possibility of being a dermatophyte. When the task is completed, wash hands and 

wrists well.sts e

Page 21: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.4. Personal Precautions7.4. Personal Precautions

• 7.4.3. Disinfection7.4.3. Disinfection• Recommendations for the general 

microbiology laboratorymicrobiology laboratory • are sufficient for use in the mycology 

laboratory; these includelaboratory; these include • guidelines for disinfection of countertops and 

items such asitems such as • telephones, computers, equipment, and 

hands‐free telephones.hands free telephones.

Page 22: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.4. Personal Precautions

• 7.4.4. Decontamination and disposal of laboratory Waste

Follow the same guidelinesthat apply toclinical microbiologyclinical  microbiology.

If an autoclave is unavailable and medicalIf an autoclave is unavailable and medicalwaste  is handled off‐site, open plates and tubes containing Coccidioides spp.  and 

l l i h i 1 10 bl hcompletely immerse them in a 1:10 bleach solution overnight before disposing.

Page 23: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.5. Clean versus Dirty Areas of the Laboratory

• Guidelines for the general microbiologyGuidelines for the general microbiology laboratory apply also for the mycology 

laboratorylaboratory.

Page 24: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.6. Select Agents and Pathogenic Moulds

Handle all mould‐likecolonies in a BSCHandle all mould likecolonies in a BSC.

Make a wet preparation of all cultured moulds before setting up a slideculture in order to detect structures that may indicate the possibility ofculture in order to detect structures that may indicate the possibility ofthe isolate being a highly pathogenic systemic fungus.

• Refrain from setting up slide cultures of isolates that on wet preparation are suggestive of H. capsulatum,  B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, 

C. posadasii,  P. brasiliensis, P. marneffei, or • Cladophialophora bantiana.

•• Make every attempt to identify them by well‐prepared wet preps and 

DNA probes if available.

Page 25: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.6. Select Agents and Pathogenic Moulds

• If a laboratory‐isolated organism is identified as H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, Coccidioidesspp., or 

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, BSL‐3 practices and facilities , pare recommended  for handling mould‐form cultures and environmental  samples likely to contain infectious conidia. 

Coccidioides spp. are the only fungi currently classified as aselect agent requiring registration with CDC/U.S.

To decontaminate Coccidioides isolates whenTo decontaminate Coccidioides isolates whenautoclaving is unavailable, soak the plates and tubes,overnight in a fresh 1:10 bleach solution that completelyimmerses the opened tubes and plates prior to disposalimmerses the opened tubes and plates prior to disposal.

Page 26: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.7. Blood Culture Bench

d l f h l b l l b l l f hGuidelines for the general microbiology laboratory apply also for the mycology laboratory.

Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on the open benchnot on the open bench.

If a small‐celled yeast (~3µm) is detected, consider the possibility y ( µ ) , p yof H. capsulatum, and handle under BSL‐2  conditions in a Class 2 BSC.

Page 27: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.8. Instrumentation

• Instruments used for mycology studies areInstruments used for mycology studies are most commonly those for continuously monitored blood culture and for yeastmonitored blood culture and for yeast 

identification. 

• Follow the same guidelines that apply to bac‐i l / li i l i bi lteriology/clinical microbiology.

Page 28: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.9. Rapid Testing (Kits)

Apply the clinical microbiology guidelines for monomorphic yeasts in mycology.

If the isolate is a mold, it must be handled in the BSC.

Page 29: CDC Guidelines 2012 - Dr. Ghahri.pptiacld.ir/DL/modavan/mycology/92/cdcguidelines2012... · 2018. 9. 17. · Plates growing mould‐like colonies must be examined in a BSC, not on

7.10. Molecular Testing

• Follow the clinical microbiology safety guidelines for mycology with the additionalguidelines for mycology with the additional advisory that mold isolates must be handled in a BSC during extraction of nucleic acidsin a BSC during extraction of nucleic acids.


Recommended