Facoltà di Scienze Economiche, Giuridiche e Politiche

CdL Economia e Gestione AziendaleCdL Economia e Gestione Aziendale

UNIT 2

a.a. 2015/2016

Unit 2IDONEITÀ LINGUA INGLESE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcAf0_cDIZ0

What is your name?

This man is Danish. His name is Nils.

What is your name?

This woman is Russian. Her name’s Olga.

What is your name?

This girl’s Indian. Her name is Rashmi.

What is your name?

This boy is Brazilian. His name’s Joaquim.

Grammar 1This man is Danish. His name is Nils.This woman is Russian. Her name’s Olga.This girl’s Indian. Her name is Rashmi.This boy is Brazilian. His name’s Joaquim.

his = il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue di luiher = il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue di lei

THE INDEFINITE ARTICLEIn inglese l’articolo indeterminativo è uguale per nomi maschili e femminili:

A boy A girl

a man a woman

an elephant

a + consonant

an + vowel

a hamburger an herb tea

a + h aspirata (= cons.) an + h muta (= vocale)

Indefinite article: a, an

• We use a/an with a singular noun:a bus, a car, a dog, a fast car• We use an with a noun starting with a vowel

(a, e, i, o, u):• an African elephant, an elephant, an Indian

elephant, an old car, an umbrellaBUT sometimes the initial u is pronounced /ʌ/

(an uncle, an ugly man), sometimes it is pronounced /ju:/ (a union, a university).

• Si usa a davanti a:

• consonante (comprese w e y) → a student, a word, a yacht

• h aspirata → a hamburger, a house

• i suoni /ju/ e /wa/ → a unit, a European country, a one-way street, a once-popular song, a one-legged man

• Si usa an davanti a:

• Vocale → an exercise, an apple

• h muta → an hour, an honest man

Le più comuni parole con h muta sono hour• honest honour heir hourly honourable heiress

honestly

• I’m a doctor –

I work as a doctor• She’s a nurse –

She works as a nurse• They are engineers –

They work as engineers

Jobs & professions

What & where?Job/Profession Workplace/Place of employment

a lecturer a university

a clerk (impiegato/a) an office

a surgeon (chirurgo) a hospital

a builder (muratore) a building/construction site

a factory worker a factory

a waiter (M)/a waitress (F) a restaurant or a café

an accountant (ragioniere) an office

a lawyer (avvocato) a law firm/a lawyer’s office

a judge (giudice) a law court/a courthouse

an actor (M)/an actress (F) a theatre

a librarian (bibliotecario/a) a library

a chef/a cook a kitchen

Exercises: Inserisci a an

• This is …. good book.• There’s …… beautiful park in North Street• Thailand is not …… European country.• My father’s …. architect.• Is there … dog in that garden?• Italy isn’t … island.• Cambridge is …. excellent university.• It’s … nice day today.

__ book __ hamburger __ hen __ corn _dog __ donkey __ house __ European

country _yogurt __ student __ indian __ ice-cream __ egg __ mouse __ elephant __ watch an apple __ horse __ cat __ washing

machine __ one-way street

__ wolf __ hedgehog __ hat

__ orange __ university __ alarm clock __ whale __ lion __ door __ heir

A book A hamburger A hen A corn Adog A donkey A house A European

country A yogurt A student AN indian AN ice-cream AN egg A mouse AN elephant A watch an apple A horse A cat A washing

machine A one-way street

A wolf A hedgehog A hat

AN orange A university AN alarm clock A whale A lion A door AN heir

ÿ

1. a snack bar

2. a tomato sandwich

3. an orange juice

4. an apple pie

5. a tennis racket

6. a gold watch

7. a bus driver

8. an English lesson

Definite article: the

• We use the with singular and plural nouns• Unlike a/an, we use the to refer to something

specific

Examples:• The student is writing his exam• Students study every day• The students of this faculty come to classes

every day

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

In inglese esiste un solo articolo determinativo: THE

The boy (m) (sing) the girl (f) (sing)

The Boys (m) (plur) the girls (f) (plur)

Si usa the con:- gruppi o categorie di parole:the sick, the rich, the poor,

- gli strumenti musicali:the guitar, the violin,

ÿ

x

xa

xx thex an

x

a thethe

x a

the ax x xthe the

xthe

ax

a x

Exercise: inserisci a, an, the

•My grandparents live in …. very nice house in … countryside. …… house is on three floors. Downstairs there’s …. huge sitting room, with … big sofa and … fireplace. …. bedrooms are on …. second floor. There’s also ….. Big room in … attic. That is my favourite place, because … view from there is amazing.

Plural nouns

In order to make the plural of a noun, we need to add an –s to the word end

Examples:• door – doors• window – windows• girl – girls• car – cars• book – books

However,

• Nouns ending with ch, sh, s, x, add –es:

watches, successes, churches, boxes, lashes• Nouns ending in –y preceded by a consonant

go through a morphological change when adding –es:

countries, dictionaries, butterflies

BUT keys, boys

Irregular plurals

• person/people*, man/men, woman/women, child/children**, tooth/teeth, foot/feet

* The regular form persons is mainly found in public notices, for example to indicate the number of people allowed in an elevator (BrE, lift)

** kid (plural: kids) is informal both for children and teenagers

• Some nouns, especially those referring to animals, have a single form, both for the singular and the plural: sheep/sheep, fish/fish

P. 12 ex 2

P. 127 ex 2a

Keys

• A) a city, citiesan email, emailsa person, peoplea box, boxesa woman, women• B) They’re childrenIt’s a purseThey’re menIt’s an umbrellaThey’re sunglasses

This, that, these, those: determiners

• We use this/these for things near us: this is my pen, these are my trousers

• We use that/those for things far away: that is an American car, those clothes are Italian

* This and that are singular, these and those are plural

Grammar 6: Gli AGGETTIVI DIMOSTRATIVI

(near the speaker) (far from the speaker) Sing. THIS THATPlur. THESE THOSE

In inglese non ci sono differenze di genere

This girl this boy these women these menquesta ragazza questo ragazzo queste donne questi uomini

P. 127 ex 2b

This/That/These/Those

1. This is my new car. Please get in

2. …. Building over there is the Science Museum.

3. Is …. your new school bag, here?

4. …. cloud in the sky looks like a rabbit.

5. ….. woman downstairs is very noisy.

6. …. weather is really great.

7. Who’s ….. I can hear coming up the stairs?

Completa i dialoghi con i pronomi dimostrativi appropriati

• A. Hello, This is Brenda speaking• B. Oh, hello Brenda.• A. Good morning, Mrs Brown.• B. Oh, good morning, Mr Smith. …. Are my

children, Tom and Louise.• A. Nice to meet you.• A.Hello. Is …. The Body Shop?• B. No, …. Is victoria Station.

• A. How much are …. Oranges over there?• B. £ 5 a kilo, but …. Here aren’t so expensive.• A. Excuse me, are …. seats free?• B. No, but …. seat over there is free.

Scegli l’alternativa corretta

• Look at this /that/ those watch here, Is it yours?

• Where’s your bag? That/These/This bag here is mine.

• Are that / these/those/ houses at the end of the street new?

• Anna, these/ this/ that is my freind Sam.• Here you are, have one of these/ this/ those

chocolates. They’re my favourite.

• What’s …. / that / this? The animal over there!• Is that/ these/ this woman over there our new

teacher?

Trasforma le frasi al singolare o al plurale

• Who is that man there? Who are those men there?

• This seat is reserved. • These photos are of my grandparents.• Those dresses are French.• I don’t like this shop – let’s go somewhere else.• Do you know that guest?• Is that your dog?• These are my mothers paintings.• Who is that man?

Grammar 2Nella prima unità abbiamo visto che il pronome you sta per i pronomi allocutivi tu, lei (forma di cortesia) e voi. Anche la forma possessiva your è un vocabolo multiuso:la tua chiave = your keyle vostre chiave = your keysi suoi documenti, sig.ra Verdi = your documents, Mrs Greenei tuoi documenti, Barbara = your documents, Barbarail vostro contratto = your contractil tuo contratto = your contractil suo contratto, sig. Bianchi = your contract, Mr White.ENGLISH IS EASY!

Grammar 3: contracted forms

I am from Chile = I’m from ChileShe is Nigerian = She’s NigerianHe is Japanese = He’s JapaneseWhat is your name? = What’s your name?This girl is Indian = This girl’s IndianMy name is Robert = My name’s Robert

Si usano le contrazioni nell’inglese parlato e nei testi scritti informali ma di solito non nei testi accademici o formali.

Questions and Answers 1“Excuse me. Is your name Smith?”“No, it isn’t. It’s Cuccureddu.”“And what’s your first name, Mr Cuccureddu?”“Efisio.”

“Are you from Scotland, Silvia?”“No, I’m not. My surname’s MacTavish but I’m English.”

“Good morning, Ms Clinton.”“Good morning. But please call me Hillary.” “Thankyou, Hillary. And my first name’s Mario.”

Questions and answers 2

“Hello. Are you Spanish?”“No, we aren’t. We’re Mexican.”

“Is your first name English?”“No, it isn’t. Padraig is an Irish name.”

“Good morning, Miss Jackson.”“Good morning, Mr Brown. Or good afternoon. It’s 2.30.”

“Are Helmut and Ludwig German?”“No, they aren’t. They are from Austria.”

Grammar 4: negative forms of to be

I am not = I’m notyou are not = you aren’the is not = he isn’tshe is not = she isn’tit is not = it isn’t

we are not = we aren’tyou are not = you aren’tthey are not = they aren’t

Short Answers

• We only say:

• Yes, + subj + to be (long form)• No, + subj + to be (short form)

Qu A S (I)Question word+ Auxiliary + Subject + Infinitive

How are you? Where do you live?

Interrogative sentences

PRONOMI / AVVERBI INTERROGATIVIWh- questions:

WHO? Chi?

WHAT? (Che) cosa?

WHERE? Dove?

WHEN? Quando?

WHICH? Quale (dei due)?

HOW? Come?

WHY? Perche’?

Who are you? Chi sei?-I am the new teacher

What is it? Che cos’è?-It is an apple

Where are you now? Dove sei ora?-I’m in London now

When are you here? Quando sei qua? -I’m here every Monday

How old are you? Quanti anni hai?-I am (Cardinal Number) (years old)-The red one

Which is your car? Quale (delle due) è la tua auto?-The red one

How are you? Come stai? -I’m very sick!

Why are you here? Perchè sei qui?-Because I study here!

Nelle domande che iniziano con pronome o avverbio interrogativo

le preposizioni vanno alla fine.

Where are you from? Da dove vieni? Di dove sei?I am from London

Formula domande con Wh- words

1. What ‘s the time?2.Which is your bag? The small one or the big one?3.How far is the beach? About one mile away4.Who are your best friends?5. What ’s your favorite dish?

Formula domande con Wh- words

1. What ‘s the time?2.Which is your bag? The small one or the big one?3.How far is the beach? About one mile away4.Who are your best friends?5. What ’s your favorite dish?

1. What’s the time?2. Which is your bag? The small one or the big one?3. How far is the breach? About one mile away4. Who are your best friends?5. What is your favorite dish?

Leggi le risposte e formula le domande1.How old are you? I’m 422. What is your address? My address is 34 Victoria Road3. How are you? I’m very well, thanks. What about you?4. Are you a teacher? No, I’m not a teacher, I’m a journalist5. What is there? There’s spaghetti Bolognese6. What time is it? It is a quarter to eleven

HOW? = Come?How + Adjective / adverb? = Quanto?

How old are you? Quanto sei vecchio?/Quanti hanni hai?How far is it? Quanto è lontano? /dista? How long is it? Quanto è lontano? /dura?How big is it? Quanto è grande?

Leggi le risposte e formula le domande

1. How old are you? I’m 42

2. What is your address? My address is 34 Victoria Road

3. How are you? I’m very well, thanks. What about you?

4. Are you a teacher? No, I’m not a teacher, I’m a journalist

5. What is there? There’s spaghetti Bolognese

6. What time is it? It is a quarter to eleven

Days of the week

Months Seasons

SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday

JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

Winter

Spring

Summer

Autumn (Fall)

P. 148

P. 148

The numbers (2) (see pg. 148)

P.148

57 1,383

426 119

2013 1999

The Numbers 2

57 1,383

fiftyseven one thousand three hundred and eighty three

426 119

four hundred and twenty six one hundred and nineteen

1 1999Two thousand thirteen nineteen ninety nine

one thousand and ninety nine

The Numbers 2

Adjectives

• They always precede the noun they refer to: a beautiful dress, a pretty girl, a happy child

• They are neutral and, therefore, they never take the plural: my gorgeous nieces, my nice neighbors, my new pencils, my wonderful friends

• They don’t agree on number and gender

Some common adjectives

A big elephant and a small elephant.

A happy baby and a sad baby

P. 15

Grammar 5: the ImperativeC’è un’unica forma dell’imperativo nella lingua inglese:

Listen to me = Mi ascolti, Ascoltami, Ascoltatemi

Si usa la forma base del verbo: Run! Go! Stop!

Per l’imperativo negativo si usa don’t:

Don’t waste time = Non perdere tempo

Siccome non esistono le formule di cortesia, l’imperativo inglese può suonare un po’ brusco. In una unità successiva vedremo le alternative più cortesi all’imperativo. Comunque, in una ricetta di cucina, l’uso dell’imperativo è normale.

And that is the end of Unit 14. Goodbye.

Homework

• pp. 12-19 student’s book (English File Elementary)

Write description of a famous person and send it to barbara.meloni@unica.it for correction (see example in the book, p. 15)