Dept. of Communications & Information TechnologyRepublic of Indonesia
Workshop on Radio Frequency Spectrum for the 3rd Generation Mobile Communications
System (IMT-2000)
CDMA Development Group Contribution on
CDMA2000 and Spectrum Flexibility
Bill DahnkeCDMA Development Group
21 July 2005
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CDMA Development Group
CDMA Worldwide
CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz
Guardband for Mixed Band Plan
Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location
3
CDMA Development Group
CDMA Worldwide
CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz
Guardband for Mixed Band Plan
Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location
4
CDMA Development Group - CDG
The CDG is a consortium of CDMA operator and vendor The CDG is a consortium of CDMA operator and vendor member companies from around the world. Members member companies from around the world. Members
are involved in CDMA system deployment and support.are involved in CDMA system deployment and support.
OperatorsOperatorsSubscriberSubscriberEquipmentEquipment
ValueValue--AddedAddedServicesServices
Network Network Enhancement/ Enhancement/ OptimizationOptimization
Network Network Interface & Interface &
AccessAccess
Network Network InfrastructureInfrastructure
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Charter of the CDG
To lead the rapid evolution and deployment of To lead the rapid evolution and deployment of CDMACDMA--based systems, based on open standards based systems, based on open standards and encompassing all core architectures, to meet and encompassing all core architectures, to meet
the needs of markets around the worldthe needs of markets around the world
Technical Service Technical Service DevelopmentDevelopment
System TestingGHRCEvolutionMMS
Deployment Deployment AssistanceAssistance
Time-to-MarketInt’l RoamingInteroperabilityRegulatory
Information Information DistributionDistribution
ConferencesEmailsWebsitePress Briefings
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CDMA Development Group
CDMA Worldwide
CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz
Guardband for Mixed Band Plan
Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location
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The Dominant 3G Standards are Based on CDMA
IMTIMT--20002000CDMACDMA
Direct SpreadDirect Spread
IMTIMT--20002000CDMACDMA
MultiMulti--CarrierCarrier
IMTIMT--20002000CDMACDMATDDTDD
IMTIMT--20002000TDMATDMA
Single CarrierSingle Carrier
IMTIMT--20002000FDMA/FDMA/TDMATDMA
WCDMA(UMTS)
CDMA2000 1X& 1xEV
UTRA TDD &TD-SCDMA
UWC-136/EDGE
DECT
IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces
3G CDMA
Source: ITU-R recommendation M.1457
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CDMA is the Fastest Growing Worldwide Cellular Technology
Serves more than 256 million users across all continentsSubscriber base growing at 27% per year, compared to 20% for the overall industry
– 43% CDMA market growth in Asia
Rapidly expanding in key markets– India – fastest growing technology, reached
12+ million subscribers and growing rapidly– China – 28 million users– Indonesia – 5 commercial CDMA operators
Dominant technology in North America– CDMA: 97 million subscribers, 49% market
share– TDMA: being phased out– GSM: 57 million subscribers, 30% market
share
Source: CDMA Development Group
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CDMA2000 Dominates 3GMarket Today
168 million3G (IMT-2000)Subscribers on CDMA2000
Source: CDMA Development Group and UMTS Forum
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CDMA2000 Dominates 3G Market Today
Source: CDMA Development Group and UMTS Forum
168 million3G (IMT-2000)Subscribers on CDMA2000
25 million3G (IMT-2000)Subscribers on
WCDMA
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CDMA Development Group
CDMA Worldwide
CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz
Guardband for Mixed Band Plan
Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location
12
ITU Identified Bands for 3G (IMT-2000)
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900
806-960
IMT-2000
Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)
2500–2690IMT-2000
2500 2600
1710-2025
IMT-2000
2110-2200
IMT-2000
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3G Deployments in Various Bands
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900
806-960
IMT 2000
Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)
CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)
2500–2690IMT2000
2500 2600
1710-2025
IMT 2000
2110-2200
IMT 2000
India, China, Japan, Korea, USA, and 60+ other countries
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3G Deployments in Various Bands
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900
806-960
IMT 2000
Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)
CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)
2500–2690IMT2000
2500 2600
1710-2025
IMT 2000
2110-2200
IMT 2000
CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)
Over 65 CDMA operators in 1900 MHz PCS band in 21 countries
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3G Deployments in Various Bands
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900
806-960
IMT 2000
Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)
CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)
2500–2690IMT2000
2500 2600
1710-2025
IMT 2000
2110-2200
IMT 2000
CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)
WCDMA (5 MHz)
Both CDMA2000 and WCDMA operate in 1900 MHz PCS band in USA
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3G Deployments in Various Bands
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200800 900
806-960
IMT 2000
Frequency Band in Megahertz (MHz)
CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)
2500–2690IMT2000
2500 2600
1710-2025
IMT 2000
2110-2200
IMT 2000
WCDMA (5 MHz)
CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz)
WCDMA (5 MHz)
WCDMA operates across these two bands in Europe and Asia
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Who Operates CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz?
Algeria
Argentina
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Dom.Rep.Haiti, USVIEcuador
Guatemala
USA
Indonesia
Mexico
Nigeria
Pakistan
Puerto Rico
Romania
Uruguay
Congo
Nepal
Over 65 networks in 21 countries on 5 continents
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More than 250 of 700+ CDMA2000 Terminals Operate at 1900 MHz
Color Displays and 3 MegaPixel CamerasStreaming VideoReal-Time VOD/AODVoice Recognition, GPSR-UIM enabledLow-tier phones as well
Source: www.3gtoday.com
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CDMA Development Group
CDMA Worldwide
CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz
Guardband for Mixed Band Plan
Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location
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““Mixed Band PlanMixed Band Plan”” Spectrum allocation proposal for Spectrum allocation proposal for 3G Services in Indonesia3G Services in Indonesia(with 5 MHz guard band at UMTS(with 5 MHz guard band at UMTS--PCS boundary)PCS boundary)
75 MHz 40 MHz40 MHz25 MHz
1805 1880 1885 1910 1920 1960 1965 1990 2110 2150
GB: 5 MHz
25 MHzPCS U/L UMTS U/L PCS D/L UMTS D/LDCS D/L
GB: 5 MHzGB: 10 MHz
Frequency in MHz
DCS downlink spectrum for GSM/GPRS/EDGE services
UMTS up/downlink spectrum for WCDMA servicesGB: Guard BandPCS up/downlink spectrum for CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO services
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Guard Band provision between UMTS Uplink Guard Band provision between UMTS Uplink and PCS Downlinkand PCS Downlink
Available guard band between the UMTS uplink and the PCS downlink is always more than the proposed 5 MHz guard band
– Occupied bandwidth of a WCDMA carrier is 3.84 MHz. Hence, 580 kHz of inherent guardband available on each side of a WCDMA carrier
– Provision exists in the PCS band allocations for a 625 kHz of inherent guardband at the edges
– Hence, total available guard band between UMTS U/L and PCS D/L is 0.58 + 5 + 0.625 = 6.205 MHz
UMTS Uplink
1955 1960 1965 1970
PCS Downlink
GB Provision: 5 MHz
Frequency in MHz
Available GB: 0.58+5+0.625 =
6.205 MHz
Last WCDMA carrier
CDMA2000 Carriers
Center-to-center frequency of 8.75 MHz
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Interference Considerations with the Interference Considerations with the UMTSUMTS--PCS Mixed Band PlanPCS Mixed Band Plan
Types of interference issues that would arise in such UMTS-PCS “mixed band plan” are:1. CDMA2000 BTS transmit affecting the WCDMA BTS Receive
2. WCDMA UE Transmit affecting the CDMA2000 MS Receive
The first issue is readily addressed by filters and antenna positioning.
The second issue is only expected to occur under infrequent, worst-case conditions.
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CDMA Development Group
CDMA Worldwide
CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz
Guardband for Mixed Band Plan
Impact of CDMA2000 PCS Operator Re-location
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Considerations for Re-location of CDMA2000 PCS OperatorsBoth “current” and “new” frequencies must be
simultaneously supported for ~3 years– ~ 1-2 years for base station changes (150 – 300 base stations)– ~ 1 years for manual handset re-programming change (or capital
expense for automatic programming equipment)
Base stations must be modified, or replaced, to support both “current” and “new” frequencies, simultaneously– Some base stations (depending on model) cannot simultaneously
support the “old” and “new” frequencies– Base station modifications or replacements are expensive:
~US50.000 for modification or ~US100.000 for replacement– RF-related hardware (Tx filters, Rx filters, duplexers, combiners,
etc) will not support the new frequency and the old frequency
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Considerations for Re-location of CDMA2000 PCS OperatorsCDMA2000 handsets use a “Preferred Roaming List” (PRL) to
select proper RF channels – a new PRL is required for the new frequency assignment– Indonesia’s PCS carriers do not have the ability to program the
PRL over-the-air (OTA). Such “OTA” equipment is expensive (~US350k)
– Subscribers will not want to bring handsets to a store for manual re-programming.
• > 1M handsets must be re-programmed!• Will they be returned to distributors for re-programming?• Assuming labor cost is US1.00 per phone: 1M x US1.00 = US1 million
The proposed frequency change will substantially impact Indonesian operators– Example: 100 base stations x US50k = US5 million– Plus US350k for over-the-air programming equipment –OR –
manual handset re-programming will cause customer dissatisfaction and churn
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Summary• CDMA2000 dominates the 3G market with over 168 million
subscribers
• ITU treats all IMT2000 bands equally-- CDMA2000 operators can choose from multiple frequency bands
• CDMA2000 terminals are widely available in 1900 MHz band and have achieved economies of scale
• Frequency coordination plans permit CDMA2000 and WCDMA to co-exist in ITU identified bands
• 5 MHz of guard band allows CDMA2000 at 1900 MHz and WCDMA at 2.1 GHz to co-exist
• Re-locating CDMA2000 operators include substantial tangible and intangible costs
• CDMA2000 PCS operators are providing affordable communications services and smooth migration to advanced 3G services -- they should not be penalized due to spectrum re-organization