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CDMA Migration Path to LTECDMA Migration Path to LTECDMA Migration Path to LTECDMA Migration Path to LTETechnical & Commercial ImplicationsTechnical & Commercial ImplicationsTechnical & Commercial ImplicationsTechnical & Commercial Implications
Tina RadfordTina RadfordTina RadfordTina RadfordCDMA Development GroupCDMA Development Group
[email protected]@cdg.org
Hong KongSeptember 2009
CDG CharterCDG CharterFormed in 1993, a consortium of operator and vendor companies from Formed in 1993, a consortium of operator and vendor companies from around the world, involved in all aspects of CDMA and next generation around the world, involved in all aspects of CDMA and next generation
wireless including advocacy, marketing, regulatory support, devicewireless including advocacy, marketing, regulatory support, device
OperatorsSubscriberEquipment
wireless including advocacy, marketing, regulatory support, device wireless including advocacy, marketing, regulatory support, device availability and roaming availability and roaming
Value-AddedServices
Network Infrastructure Network Enhancement/
OptimizationNetwork Interface &
Access
To lead the rapid evolution and deployment of CDMA-based systems, based on open standardsCDMA based systems, based on open standards and encompassing all core architectures, to meet
the needs of markets around the world
2www.cdg.org
Information Distribution Technical Service Development Deployment Assistance
CDMA2000 has built a strong ecosystem and enormous economies of scaleCDMA2000 has built a strong ecosystem and enormous economies of scaleCDMA: Strong Global PresenceCDMA: Strong Global Presence
More than 315 315 operators in more than 109109 countries/territories have deployed or are planning to deploy CDMA2000
502 million CDMA Subscribers
1X EV-DORel. 0
EV-DORev. A
Commercial 281 109 70
2www.cdg.org
Commercial 281 109 70
In Deployment/Trial 23 36 38
CDMA Subscriber Statistics: June 2009CDMA Subscriber Statistics: June 2009
Worldwide Total: 502,201,000Asia Pacific 269,780,000
North America 155,590,000
Caribbean & Latin America 40,841,000
Europe0.9%
Middle East1.2% Africa
5.1%
Europe 4,350,000
Middle East 6,070,000
Africa 25,570,000
Total 502,201,000
Caribbean & Latin America8.1%
Asia Pacific 53.7%
North America31.0%
2www.cdg.org4
CDMA2000 1xEVCDMA2000 1xEV--DO Subscriber Statistics: DO Subscriber Statistics: June 2009June 2009June 2009June 2009
Worldwide Total: 127,888,000Asia Pacific 43,998,000
North America 71,047,000
Caribbean & Latin America 6,270,000
Middle East1.2% Africa
2.8%Europe1.1%
Europe 1,348,000
Middle East 1,580,000
Africa 3,645,000
Total 127,888,000
Caribbean & Latin America4.9%
Asia Pacific 34.4%
North America55.6%
2www.cdg.org5
Number of CDMA2000 operators increased by nearly 30% in the past 3 yearsNumber of CDMA2000 operators increased by nearly 30% in the past 3 yearsCDMA Global Operator GrowthCDMA Global Operator Growth
New CDMA2000 Operators per YearNew CDMA2000 Operators per Year(Cumulative)(Cumulative)
2www.cdg.org
Most CDMA2000 operators will deploy EVMost CDMA2000 operators will deploy EV--DODOwireless broadband data serviceswireless broadband data services
What do operators want?
• Meet the growing demand for voice and data
p
• Offer an unsurpassed user experience
• Reduce the cost of delivering services
• Maximize the return on existing investments• Maximize the return on existing investments
2www.cdg.org
CDMA2000 RoadmapCDMA2000 RoadmapCDMA2000 offers a strong longCDMA2000 offers a strong long--term path forwardterm path forward
CDMA2000 RoadmapCDMA2000 Roadmap 1X Ad d
1XE h t
CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 RoadmapCDMA2000 Roadmap
4X increasein voice capacity2
DL & UL: 307 kbps
Advanced
New Channel Card1.5X increase
in voice capacity1
DL & UL: 153 kbps
33-40 ErlangsDL & UL: 153 kbps
(1 25 MHz FDD)
EVRC-B + QLIC + QOF
Enhancements1X
DL & UL: 307 kbps
DOH/W
Upgrade1xEV-DO 1xEV-DO
DL & UL: 153 kbps(1.25 MHz, FDD)
Multi-Carrier
DL: 2.4 MbpsUL: 153 kbps
(1 25 MH FDD)
DL: 3.1 MbpsUL: 1.8 Mbps
(1 25 MHz FDD)
DL: 14.7 Mbps4
UL: 5.4 Mbps(5 MH FDD)
DL: 32 Mbps5
UL: 12.4 MbpsDL: 9.3 Mbps3
UL: 5.4 Mbps(5 MHz FDD)
DO Advanced
UpgradeRev BRev. ARel. 0
CarrierEV-DO
(1.25 MHz, FDD) (1.25 MHz, FDD) (5 MHz, FDD) (4x1.25 MHz, FDD)(5 MHz, FDD)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013+
2www.cdg.org
1 Capacity increase is primarily due to new EVRC-B codec, handset interference cancellation (QLIC) and Quasi-Orthogonal Functions (QOF)2 Capacity increase is primarily due to UL and DL interference cancellation, mobile receive diversity and several radio link enhancements.3 Peak rate for 3 EV-DO carriers with software upgrade. Doubles network capacity or triples peak data speeds. 4 Peak rate for 3 EV-DO carriers with hardware upgrade supporting 64 QAM in the DL. Standard supports up to 15 aggregated 1.25 MHz carriers5 DO Advanced includes smart network techniques, new device enhancements, 2x2 MIMO support, 64 QAM in the DL and 16 QAM in the UL6 Operators have the option to only implement software upgrades
1X Advanced1X AdvancedQuadruples the voice capacity of today’s industryQuadruples the voice capacity of today’s industry--leading CDMA2000 1X networksleading CDMA2000 1X networks
1X Advanced1X AdvancedNew handset & channel card
Achievable Today
4xVoice users
3xV i
xV i
1.5xVoice users
Voice users
1X Today • EVRC-B vocoder
Voice users
Without MobileRx Diversity
With Mobile Rx Diversity
Radio linkInterference1X Today• EVRC• Single RX
EVRC B vocoder• QLIC (device IC)
New handsetNetwork upgrades
Relative capacity/sector (1.25 MHz)
+Radio linkEnhancements• Efficient power control• Early termination• Smart blanking
Interference Cancellation• BTS Interference Cancellation• Advanced Device IC (QLIC)
2www.cdg.org
p y ( )
CDMA2000 1X Advanced is a natural step for operators looking to CDMA2000 1X Advanced is a natural step for operators looking to lower their cost per call and free up channels for broadband data serviceslower their cost per call and free up channels for broadband data services
1X Advanced Benefits1X Advanced BenefitsCapacity gain enabled by 1X Advanced offers several benefitsCapacity gain enabled by 1X Advanced offers several benefits
Lower Cost per Call
y g yy g y
Lower Cost per CallGreater spectral efficiency
M Mi t f UMore Minutes of UsageEnables increased voice offerings
More Efficient Use of SpectrumImportant for spectrum constrained markets
Meets Increased Data DemandFrees up channels that can be used for EV-DO services
2www.cdg.org
EVEV--DO Evolution PathDO Evolution PathEVEV--DO delivers a practical solution to satisfy the real demand for broadband dataDO delivers a practical solution to satisfy the real demand for broadband data
•Rev. A: High sector capacity, very good link budget and user-experienceEV-DO Rev. A
•Multicarrier EV-DO: A simple software upgrade that aggregates Rev. A channels
Add carriers as demand increases
– Triple peak data rates / doubles network capacity
•Rev. B: New channel card - more capacity– DL: 14.7 Mbps
DO Rev ADO Rev AEV-DO Rev. A
Multicarrier EV-DO (channel aggregation) p
– UL: 5.4 Mbps
•DO Advanced: More network capacity and d
(channel aggregation)Add carriers as demand increases
speed– DL: 32 Mbps– UL: 12.4 Mbps
DO Advanced
2www.cdg.org
Page 12
Operators can continue to improve capacity and user experience with simple, incremental software upgrades and
network optimizations?
EVEV--DO Evolution BenefitsDO Evolution BenefitsSelective and costSelective and cost--effective software upgrades offer several benefitseffective software upgrades offer several benefits
Improved User ExperienceGreater network capacity
Investment PreservationSoftware upgrades to existing equipmentSo t a e upg ades to e st g equ p e t
Addresses Real-World DemandIncremental upgrades at site specific locationsIncremental upgrades at site-specific locations
Service Continuity
Unified operation of Advanced Topology Networks
Backward compatibility − No service interruptions
2www.cdg.orgNote: 1. Operator demand for each enhancement varies. Some carriers may not adopt the complete set of enhancements.
Smart Network techniques
Preservation of Existing InvestmentsPreservation of Existing InvestmentsExisting 3G CDMA networks are fulfilling the demand for an extensive selection Existing 3G CDMA networks are fulfilling the demand for an extensive selection of desired applications and servicesof desired applications and servicesof desired applications and servicesof desired applications and services
2www.cdg.org
EVEV--DO is Driving Data Revenue GrowthDO is Driving Data Revenue GrowthDemand for EVDemand for EV--DO services is driving substantial data revenue per userDO services is driving substantial data revenue per user
RetailData ARPU
(USD)
Percent ofService Revenue
Verizon WirelessVerizon WirelessRetail Data ARPU and
Data Revenue as a Percent of Service Revenue
ser (
AR
PU) 1
even
ue P
er U
sAv
erag
e R
e
Annual data revenues grew 33 percent over the prior year to $3 9 billion
2www.cdg.org1 Commercial EV-DO market information based on Verizon press releases and other publicly available information, July 24, 2009
Annual data revenues grew 33 percent over the prior year to $3.9 billion.45.5 million of Verizon’s subscribers have 3G broadband EV-DO devices.
CDMA2000 and OFDMCDMA2000 and OFDM--Based SolutionsBased SolutionsCDMA2000 is complemented with several OFDMCDMA2000 is complemented with several OFDM--based solutionsbased solutions
CDMA2000 E l ti P thCDMA2000 E l ti P th
CDMA2000 1X
CDMA2000 Evolution PathCDMA2000 Evolution Path
1X Advanced
1xEV-DO Rel. 0
1xEV-DORev. A
H/\WUpgrade
Rev. BMulticarrier
EV-DODO Advanced
OFDMAOFDMA--based Technologiesbased Technologies
Mobile WiMAX
LTE
oror
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013+
2www.cdg.org
LTE is part of the CDMA2000 technology roadmapLTE is part of the CDMA2000 technology roadmap
CDMA Operators with Announced LTE plansCDMA Operators with Announced LTE plans
The following CDMA2000 operators have announced their plansThe following CDMA2000 operators have announced their plansto deploy LTEto deploy LTE
2www.cdg.org
Most other CDMA2000 operators do not have the requisiteMost other CDMA2000 operators do not have the requisitedemand, spectrum or capital to deploy LTEdemand, spectrum or capital to deploy LTE
LTE Interoperability: CDG Areas of FocusLTE Interoperability: CDG Areas of FocusCurrent CDG initiativesCurrent CDG initiatives
Seamless Mobility:To ensure service continuity, inter-standard hand-offs between LTE and yCDMA2000 networks is essential
System Determination:To maximize revenue, the appropriate system determination algorithms must exist in every CDMA2000/LTE device
Device Certification:To ensure full compliance, device certification from an independent third-party is sanctioned
Inter-Standard Global Roaming:To enable global roaming, inter-standard roaming between LTE and CDMA2000
2www.cdg.org
networks is essential
CDMA2000 Manufacturers Working on LTECDMA2000 Manufacturers Working on LTEThe following CDG members are developing LTE devices and equipmentThe following CDG members are developing LTE devices and equipment
Infrastructure Vendors
Chipset and Device Vendors
Test Vendors
2www.cdg.org
CDMA: Efficient and Flexible Spectrum UtilizationCDMA: Efficient and Flexible Spectrum UtilizationCDMA2000’s 1.25 MHz bandwidth facilitates subscriber traffic managementCDMA2000’s 1.25 MHz bandwidth facilitates subscriber traffic management
Minimizes “stranded” spectrum assets required to support embedded user equipment while moving between technologies
1X 1X 1X
CDMA2000 1X
1XAdvanced
EV-DOEV-DO
1X Advanced
LTE1XEV-DO
#2 M l i l
EV-DO Rev. A
EVDO Rev. BEV-DO Rev. B
#1 Multiple
#2 Multiple Bands, One Antenna Set
#3 Multi- Bands & Technologies, One OA&M Umbrella
pTechnologies, One Backhaul 1X
AdvancedEV-DO LTE
2www.cdg.org
CDMA offers greater flexibility to implement LTESeveral vendors support LTE in existing CDMA2000 base stations,
with common radios & antennas
OFDMA Broadband Overlay TimelineOFDMA Broadband Overlay TimelineOFDMOFDM--based solutions will be builtbased solutions will be built--out over time as demand grows and spectrum out over time as demand grows and spectrum becomes availablebecomes available
3G CDMA 3G CDMA WAN CoverageWAN Coverage
Today
3G CDMA3G CDMA 3G CDMA 3G CDMA
Co e ageCo e age
Next 10 years(Coexistence)
Beyond 10 years
OFDMUrban-zone
OFDMAOFDMA
OFDMUrban-zone
OFDMUrban-zone
3G CDMA WAN networks will coexist with OFDM3G CDMA WAN networks will coexist with OFDM--based solutions until based solutions until t ti b db d t k f ll bl f d li it ti b db d t k f ll bl f d li i
Beyond 10 years(Migration)
OFDMAOFDMAWAN CoverageWAN Coverage
next generation broadband networks are fully capable of delivering:next generation broadband networks are fully capable of delivering:1)1) Ubiquitous coverageUbiquitous coverage
2)2) CarrierCarrier--grade VoIPgrade VoIP
2www.cdg.org
3)3) LowLow--cost devices *cost devices *4)4) Global roaming *Global roaming *
* Harmonization of spectrum for OFDM-based solutions will be necessary to build economies of scale and enable global roaming
EVEV--DO Evolution PeriodsDO Evolution Periods
Mature VoIP;Concurrent VoIP/Data;High-Definition Multimedia;
SeamlessLTE Handoff
Aditional CapacityFemtocellsVoIP
UbiquitousEV-DO Service
EV-DODO
Advanced
MatureEV-DO
Mar
ket
gIntegration w/LTE
EV-DORev. A
EV DORev. B
Advanced
dres
sabl
e M
LTEFirst Full Scale
LTEFirst Volume
DevicesLTE
First SmallV l
% o
f Add
LTERegional First Full Scale
Deployments Volumes
Today 2010-2011 2012 2015 2017
RegionalDeployments
2www.cdg.org
y
Source: Airvana`
CDMA2000 WorldModeTM DevicesMore than 200 WorldMode devices from more than 57 vendorsMore than 200 WorldMode devices from more than 57 vendors
CDMA2000 1X+
EV DO Re A
CDMA2000 1X+
GSMEV-DO Rev. A
+
RIM BlackBerry
EV-DO Rev. A+
GSM+
GPRSNokia
GSM +
GPRSHSPA
DellPrecision Series
y8830GPRSNokia
2865
CDMA2000 1X+
EV DO Rev A
What ComesNext?
CDMA2000 1X+
EV DO R A/BEV-DO Rev. A+
HSPA
Next?Coming!
EV-DO Rev. A/B+
LTE
2www.cdg.org
LGSH-100
Samples shown, LTE WorldMode is concept only
Initial WorldMode LTE Device AvailabilityInitial WorldMode LTE Device AvailabilityCDMA industry is developing CDMA2000 / LTE multimode/multiband devicesCDMA industry is developing CDMA2000 / LTE multimode/multiband devices
Multimode LTECommercial Device Availability
Modes: • LTE• CDMA2000 1X
LTE Peak Data Rates (20 MHz):
Commercial Device Availability
• CDMA2000 1X• EV-DO Rev. A• EV-DO Rev. B• UMTS• HSPA+
DL: 50 MbpsUL: 25 Mbps
• HSPA+
HandsetPC Card
Q220112009
Q4 2010
2www.cdg.org
What about LTE voice communicationsWhat about LTE voice communicationsMost CDMA2000 operators will rely on their CDMA2000 1X network to deliver voiceMost CDMA2000 operators will rely on their CDMA2000 1X network to deliver voice
LTE only for voice and data?Or, LTE for data and 1X for traditional voice?
Factors to consider:How important is simultaneous voice & data?
How important is an all-IP service model?Should voice capacity be maximized?Should voice capacity be maximized?
CAPEX spending priorities? Handset complexity?
LTE VoIP?TraditionalC/S 1X Voice? p y
Roaming Partners?Timing?1X Advanced? EV-DO VoIP?
2www.cdg.org