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CHAPTER 20
Section 1Kennedy and the Cold War
JACK
John F. Kennedy President 1961-1963 Former Democrat Senator from Massachusetts Presidential Terms known as Camelot Presidency known for 3 crises.
Bay of Pigs Invasion Berlin Wall Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1960
1960 ELECTION NOTES
JOHN F. KENNEDY
CONTRAST OF COLD WAR PRESIDENTS
KennedyTrumanEisenhower
MAKE A TABLE IN YOUR NOTES…
Event Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Wall Crisis
When
Where
What Happened
The Outcome
BAY OF PIGS – APRIL 1961 The Bay of Pigs is a small, southern inlet on the
island of Cuba. (Bay of Triggerfish) It was a failed invasion in attempt to overthrow the
Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Eisenhower’s Idea Headed by the CIA (approved by JFK) Main force was Cuban exiles trained by the CIA.
BAY OF PIGS
Immediate Outcome: Totally unsuccessful. 115 Killed/1,189 Captured Embarrassment for the U.S.
Long Term Effects: More Soviet weapons for Cuba. Increased hostility between the 2 nations. Helped pave the way for the Cuban Missile Crisis.
U.S. = “looked like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest.”
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS – OCTOBER 1962 Cuba & the Caribbean Sea The U.S. confronted Cuba and the Soviet Union
about nuclear weapons that had been placed 90 miles from the U.S.
Kennedy issued a “quarantine” to restrict more ships with weapons from going to Cuba.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
Result: Both Kennedy and Khrushchev feared the start of a
nuclear war. They successfully negotiated an agreement to end the
stand-off. Soviet Union had to remove missiles from Cuba U.S. had to remove missiles from Turkey (secretly).
Outcome: The world was saved. Khrushchev loses power.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISISLong Term Effects: Hot-Line Created: a direct line between the White
House and the Kremlin for communication between the two.
Limited Test Ban Treaty: barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.
BERLIN WALL CRISIS – 1961-1989 Conflict: Too many East Germans are defecting to
West Berlin for freedom. Khrushchev’s Response : Wall around West Berlin The Berlin Wall created many tense moments:
Checkpoint Charlie 133 People killed trying to cross the wall.
THE BERLIN WALL
BERLIN WALL CRISIS
Outcome: Demonstrated the divide between Communism
and Democracy. Example of the powerful will’s by both
superpowers. Tearing down of the wall in 1989 signaled the
coming end of Communism in Europe. Gave David Hasselhoff a chance to show his guitar
skills to a national audience.