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CE 40450 – Hydraulics
Andrew Kennedy168 Fitzpatrick
Hydraulics• What does hydraulics mean for engineers
and what are typical hydraulic engineering problems?
• How do these interact with other engineering disciplines?
• What will we be covering in this course?• What will we not be covering in this
course?
Notre Dame as an Example
August 16, 2016
• 1 in XX hundred year storm, one week before classes started
• Flooded Fitzpatrick, causing large damage to first floors and basement levels
• Two senior design teams worked on solutions
Sample Hydraulics and Hydrology Topics• What will be the runoff from Notre Dame into St Mary’s Lake after a one in
ten year storm? How much flooding will there be?• How do we design a stormwater collection system for Notre Dame to ensure
that Fitzpatrick Hall does not flood again?• What will be the maximum water levels in a river or stream after a storm or
during typical flows?• How do we design a spillway for the maximum expected flow at the South
Bend Dam? What will be the maximum water levels?• What hydroelectric power can we generate given typical flows and what will
be the best turbine setup?• How do we design a distribution system to transport drinking water or
wastewater through a network?• What will be the pollutant runoff and fate from a property, subdivision or
from a farmer’s field?• How do we prevent erosion or sedimentation, or remedy these effects?• What will be the maximum water levels and damage during a hurricane?• What can/should we do with a 140 year old dam that is decaying?
Nutshell Description
• Engineering Hydraulics ensures that water:– Goes where it should go– Does not go where it should not go– Is used beneficially (water supply, power,
recreation, industry)– Does not have adverse effects (i.e. pollution,
erosion, structural damage)
• Warren Buffett, businessman:– First come the innovators, who see
opportunities that others don’t. – Then come the imitators, who copy what the
innovators have done. – And then come the idiots, whose avarice
undoes the very innovations they are trying to use to get rich.
Before we Start
This course
Do not live here
Tips on How to Approach This Course
• Most of the first two thirds of the course rely on principles and techniques– If you learn the principles, then you just need
to apply the techniques to solve problems– Principles also help you with new situations
• The last third of the course is more application of observations, and approximate engineering solutions
1. Pumps, Turbines and Pipe networks– Moment of Momentum Revisited– Types of pumps and turbines and uses– Pump-pipe systems, networks
2. Open Channel Flow– Specific Energy and Rapid Transitions– Hydraulic Jumps– Slowly varying flow– Open channel control structures
3. Introduction to Surface Water Hydrology– Hydrologic Cycle– Rainfall, Runoff and Design Events
4. Hydraulic Structures – Dams, weirs, spillways– Safety and Effects of Hydraulic Structures
Course Topics
Important Things Not Covered in This Course
• Detailed Drainage Design– Sewers, culverts, subdivision, city drainage, etc.
• Pollutant Transport and Mixing• Coastal Engineering
– Storm surge, shore protection, erosion, wave damage• Sediment Transport, Scour, and Morphological Changes• River Engineering, Ports, Harbors, Navigation Engineering• Hydrodynamic Loading on Structures• Much Hydraulic Software
– HEC-RAS etc.
Pumps and Turbines• What type of pumps and turbines are
available for different applications?• Pump and turbine theory• Choose a suitable pump or turbine for a
given situation and design a distribution pipe network
Typical pump rating curve
Water Distribution Pipe Network
Water, gas, chemicals, etc.
Open Channel Flow• When is open channel flow important?• What are the regimes of open channel flow and
why are they different?• How do water levels change with different flows,
and moving up/downstream?• What is a hydraulic jump and how does it affect
flow?• What is the role of bottom friction?• How can we predict simple flows?
Open Channel Flow
Subcritical flow
Supercritical flow –hydraulic jump
Link1 Link2
Hydrology• A basic question of engineering hydrology: what flows
should we expect?• What is the once in ten year rainfall over a 24 hour period?
– What runoff will this produce?– What will be the time history?– How long will it take for flow to develop?– How will this vary from location to location?– How will this vary with soil type/antecedent moisture?
• Often hydrology provides design flows for hydraulic engineering
• Here, mainly surface water hydrology– Some other types: groundwater hydrology, contaminant hydrology– We follow what is covered on the FE exam
Hydrologic Cycle
Hydraulic Structures
• What are examples of hydraulic structures and what are they used for?– Dams– Spillways– Weirs– Tunnels and culverts– Stilling basins
• What are the broader implications of hydraulic structures?
Dams – Forces, Power Generation, Flood Control
Mount Morris Flood Control Dam, Letchworth State Park, NY
Partially full Empty
Dam Safety• Dam failures need to be prevented• Why do they occur, and how can we
recognize problems?• What are options for rehabilitation or
removal of old dams?
CE 40450 – HydraulicsHydraulicsNotre Dame as an ExampleAugust 16, 2016Sample Hydraulics and Hydrology TopicsNutshell DescriptionBefore we StartTips on How to Approach This CourseCourse TopicsImportant Things Not Covered in This CoursePumps and TurbinesWater Distribution Pipe NetworkOpen Channel FlowOpen Channel FlowHydrologyHydrologic CycleHydraulic StructuresDams – Forces, Power Generation, Flood ControlDam Safety
