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India-EU Working Group on
Delhi- 21 Jan 2008
CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOIN INDIA
Central Electricity Authority
New Delhi
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OverviewOverview
Indian Power Sector ProfileIndian Power Sector Profileoo Installed Capacity MixInstalled Capacity Mix
oo Capacity Addition PlansCapacity Addition Plans
oo Coal consumptionCoal consumption
Improving EfficiencyImproving Efficiencyoo Higher size unitsHigher size units
oo Supercritical technologySupercritical technology
oo Efficiency improvement in existing staEfficiency improvement in existing sta
New Technology OptionsNew Technology Options
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Indian Power SectoIndian Power Sector
Installed Generation Capacity ~140 GInstalled Generation Capacity ~140 G
Electricity GenerationElectricity Generation-- 660660 TwhTwh (2006(2006--00
Per Capita ConsumptionPer Capita Consumption--665 Kwh/ Y665 Kwh/ Y
Shortages (Energy ~ 8.5%, Peak ~ 15Shortages (Energy ~ 8.5%, Peak ~ 15 Rapidly ExpandingRapidly Expanding
Emphasis on EfficiencyEmphasis on Efficiency
Increasing private sector participationIncreasing private sector participation Structural reformsStructural reforms
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Installed Capacity (As on 31s
Thermal
90646 MW (6
Hydro34681 MW (25%)
Nuclear
4120 MW (3%)
Renewables
10855 MW (8%)
OOi
GG
CoCo
Total : 140302 MW
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14043
8206 81397259
4997
14
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
U.S.A
Japan
Fran
ce
Germ
any
S.Africa Ch
ina
Per Capita Electricity Consumption (Per Capita Electricity Consumption (
India: 665 (2006India: 665 (2006--07)07)
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CAPACITY ADDITION 11CAPACITY ADDITION 11thth PLAPLAN
78,577 MW78,577 MW
THERMAL,
58,644, 75%
NUCLEAR,
3,380, 4%
Coal 5 4 3 5 5 MW ( 6 9 % )
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CAPACITY ADDITION 12CAPACITY ADDITION 12thth PLAPLA
TentativeTentative 82,200 MW82,200 MW
Hydro
30,000, 3
Nuclear,
12,000, 15%
Thermal,
40,200, 49%
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Coal consumptionCoal consumption
Proven coal reserve of about 96 billion tons
Present coal consumption: 303Present coal consumption: 303 MnMn Tons p.Tons p.
Run of mine: 260 MTRun of mine: 260 MT
Washed coal: 033 MTWashed coal: 033 MT
Imported : 010 MTImported : 010 MT
Projected coal consumption in year 2012Projected coal consumption in year 2012
MTMT
Coal mining capacity being augmented by aCoal mining capacity being augmented by a
captive coal blocks to private / public sectocaptive coal blocks to private / public secto Gap to be covered by imported coalGap to be covered by imported coal
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Indian Coal QualityIndian Coal Quality
Indian coal has high ash content, is sloIndian coal has high ash content, is slohighly abrasive with high ash fusion tehighly abrasive with high ash fusion tewhich affects the design of boilerwhich affects the design of boiler
PC technologyPC technology the current workhorthe current workhor
gradually through learning curvegradually through learning curve
Any new technology must cope up wiAny new technology must cope up wiIndian coalIndian coal
Being the cheapest and indigenously aBeing the cheapest and indigenously a
it will remain the mainstay fuel for powit will remain the mainstay fuel for powgeneration for many more yearsgeneration for many more years
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Coal BeneficiationCoal Beneficiation
Indian coalIndian coal high ash 40high ash 40--45%45% Open cast miningOpen cast mining
Coal BeneficiationCoal Beneficiation
Savings in Transport costSavings in Transport cost
Better use of Transport infrastructureBetter use of Transport infrastructure
Advantages in O&MAdvantages in O&M
IssuesIssues
Low Washing YieldsLow Washing Yields
Problem of Rejects Disposal/ useProblem of Rejects Disposal/ use
Presently washing has been found ecoPresently washing has been found ecofor load centre stationsfor load centre stations
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Improving EfficiencImproving Efficienc
Higher size unitsHigher size unitsoo More efficient, economy of scaleMore efficient, economy of scale
oo Quicker capacity additionQuicker capacity addition
oo Reduced land/ manpower requirementReduced land/ manpower requirement
Supercritical TechnologySupercritical Technology
oo Higher efficiencyHigher efficiency
oo lower GHG emissionlower GHG emission
Efficiency Improvement in existingEfficiency Improvement in existingoo Upgrading old fleetUpgrading old fleet
oo ReplacementReplacement
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538/ 538538/ 538170170500500
535/ 535535/ 535150150250 (New)250 (New)535/ 535535/ 535150150210/ 250 KWU210/ 250 KWU
535/ 535535/ 535130130110/ 120/ 140/110/ 120/ 140/
150150
53553590906060--10010048248260603030--5050
ooCCkg/ cmkg/ cm22
GG
DD
EffEff
MS/MS/
RHRH
TempTemp
MS. PrMS. PrUnit SizeUnit Size
Prevailing Unit Sizes
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Proposed Unit SizesProposed Unit Sizes
4040247kg/ cm247kg/ cm22 565/ 593565/ 593 OO CC800800
4040247kg/ cm247kg/ cm22 565/ 593565/ 593 OO CC
3939
247kg/ cm247kg/ cm22
538/ 565538/ 565 OO
CC660660
GG
DD
EE
ParametersParametersUnit SizeUnit Size
(MW)(MW)
Expected Efficiency Gain of ~ 4% over Prese
Units (170 kg/cm2 535/535 oC)
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EfficiencyImpact of Tropical Climate
Indian CoalIndian Coal2%2%
CW TemperatureCW Temperature
(33 Vs 15)(33 Vs 15) ooCC
ImIm
AA
(%(%
Impact onImpact on
GrossGross
Efficiency (%)Efficiency (%)
ParameterParameter
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Share of Different Unit Sizes- 2
0%
25%
6%
48%
6%
38%
16%
27%
21%
39%
12%
19%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
800/660 500/600 300/250 210/200
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Capacity Breakup 2007
2007
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Supercritical technology being adopted to Supercritical technology being adopted to efficiency, reduce coal consumption and Gefficiency, reduce coal consumption and G
660/ 800 MW units planned in big way660/ 800 MW units planned in big way
Parameters adopted 247 kg/ cmParameters adopted 247 kg/ cm22 535/ 565 535/ 565 kg/ cmkg/ cm22 565/ 593 deg C565/ 593 deg C
Six units of NTPC under execution at SipaSix units of NTPC under execution at Sipa Ultra Mega Projects, 4000 MW each, envisUltra Mega Projects, 4000 MW each, envis
supercritical units.supercritical units.3 projects already awarded to3 projects already awarded to IPPsIPPs through tathrough ta
competitive bidding.competitive bidding.
Many more supercritical units in pipeline.Many more supercritical units in pipeline. Introduction of supercritical units would iIntroduction of supercritical units would im
efficiency in power generationefficiency in power generation
Supercritical TechnoloSupercritical Technolo
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Efficiency improvemenEfficiency improvemen
in existing stationsin existing stations
Upgrading old fleet of inefficient powUpgrading old fleet of inefficient pow
with poor availability through renovatwith poor availability through renovat
modernisationmodernisation
Improving efficiency / availability thrImproving efficiency / availability throimprovement in O&M practicesimprovement in O&M practices
Replacement of very old poor performReplacement of very old poor perform
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Shift in focus fromShift in focus from Generation MaxGeneration MaxOverall Plant OptimizationOverall Plant Optimization
Replacement of very old small size low effReplacement of very old small size low eff
High end technology solutions foHigh end technology solutions foenhancementenhancement
-- Steam turbine and boiler upgradesSteam turbine and boiler upgrades-- Steam flow path modificationSteam flow path modification
-- Improved plant controlImproved plant control
-- Higher steam parametersHigher steam parameters
AdditionalityAdditionality in efficiency (Beyond Orin efficiency (Beyond Orefficiency )efficiency )
Future Approach Towards R&M
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New Technology optioNew Technology optio
Ultra supercritical (USC) and advanceUltra supercritical (USC) and advance
technologytechnology
CirculatingCirculating FluidisedFluidised Bed CombustionBed Combustion
Integrated Gasification Combined CyIntegrated Gasification Combined Cyc
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Ultra supercritical technUltra supercritical techn
Parameters of about 280 bars and 600Parameters of about 280 bars and 600
more efficient but higher capital costmore efficient but higher capital cost
Experience limited mainly in Japan, GExperience limited mainly in Japan, G
and Denmarkand Denmark
TechnoTechno--economics, suitability with Ineconomics, suitability with In
institutional capacity building to be ginstitutional capacity building to be gu
factors for adoptionfactors for adoption
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Circulating Fluidized BCirculating Fluidized B
CombustionCombustion
CFBC being used for high Sulphur ligCFBC being used for high Sulphur lig
125 MW CFBC units125 MW CFBC units
4 units operational at4 units operational at SuratSurat lignite andlignite and AA
6 units under implementation at6 units under implementation at SuratSurat liliBarsingsarBarsingsar and Giral TPSand Giral TPS
250 MW CFBC units250 MW CFBC units
Under installation atUnder installation at NeyveliNeyveli LigniteLignite
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IGCCIGCC
Limited experience available with low aLimited experience available with low a No large IGCC units in operation withNo large IGCC units in operation with
bedbed gasifiergasifier considered suitable for Indconsidered suitable for Ind
High CostHigh Cost
India pursuing a demo project of abouIndia pursuing a demo project of abouby NTPCby NTPC
Through international coThrough international co--operation (operation (FeasFeasstudy done bystudy done by NexantNexant, USA), USA)
Through indigenous R&D (DPR unThrough indigenous R&D (DPR unfinalisationfinalisation))
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Coal Bed Methane and UCoal Bed Methane and U
Coal Bed MethaneCoal Bed Methane
26 CBM blocks awarded with potential 26 CBM blocks awarded with potential
MMSCMDMMSCMD
Work in progressWork in progress
Underground coal gasificationUnderground coal gasification
Agencies such as ONGC, GAIL keen oAgencies such as ONGC, GAIL keen o
pilot plantspilot plants
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Low carbon technologLow carbon technolog
Keeping close watch on internationalKeeping close watch on internationaldevelopmentsdevelopments
Participation in internationalParticipation in international forafora
FutureGenFutureGen Carbon Sequestration Leadership ForumCarbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean DevelAsia Pacific Partnership on Clean DevelClimateClimate
Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
LargeLarge NosNos of CDM Projectsof CDM Projects
Official COOfficial CO22 Emission Baseline NotifiedEmission Baseline Notified
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