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Herbert Kubicek
The Organization Gap in the Provision of Public Information and Open Data
The Case of the City State of Bremen, Germany
The 10 Principles of OGD Add. Efforts / Feasibility
Completeness Complete sets except for legal restrictions
Primacy As collected, incl. details on collection +Timeliness
Ease of physical and electronic access
Barriers are formal procedures e.g. FOIA requests, instead bulk access and APIs
+
Machine Readability Widely used formats + documentation +Non - discrimination Any person for any purpose at equal conditions
Use of commonly owned standards
e.g. Open source instead of Microsoft or Adobe / -
Licensing Availability without restrictions / -Permanence Permanent availabiliy incl. archives and version tracking + / Usage cost No charge for collecting the data, no charge for access
as the provision generates tax revenues+ / -
http://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/documents/ten-open-data-principles/
Do we live in a land of Milk and Honey ? –
Open Government und OGD
3No1No 1 : 11.03.2010
??
How does it work ?
No 1 : 1 Relation
Not by a strategy of collecting the low hanging fruits
Different Objectives of OGD
Support of Services
(Government and Business)
Support of Services
(Government and Business)
Research and
Education
Research and
Education
Transparencyof
Government
Documents(Readable by humans)
Data(Readable by machines)
Provision of Public Information(data and documents)
Bremen
Freedom of Information Laws (FoIAs) on State Level (Germany)
• Brandenburg ( März 1998)• Berlin ( Oktober 1999)• Schleswig-Holstein ( Februar 2000)• Nordrhein-Westfalen ( Januar 2002)• Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ( Juli 2006)• Hamburg ( August 2006/2012)• Bremen ( August 2006)• Saarland ( September 2006)• Thüringen ( Dezember 2007)• Sachsen-Anhalt ( Oktober 2008)• Rheinland-Pfalz (Januar 2009)
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Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationsfreiheit
Federal Law 2006
Bremer Informationsregister: 27.750 Docs
7http://www.bremen.de/buergerservice/amtliche_informationen
Mehr als 27.550 amtliche Informationen: Berichte, Beschlüsse, Protokolle, Gerichtsentscheidungen, Verträge
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4/2014: 134 data sets
911.03.2010
Anybody can propose /request data sets via the Portal.(based on § 1 BremIFG)
The traffic light symbol shows the status
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BUT: Raw data do not contribute to transparency
just by themselves
What people are looking for:FOI-Register: Top20-Keywords
Schlagworte (Keywords) Anzahl der Aufrufe (No. of entries)Wohngeld (housing allowance) 254 Wohnungswesen (housing) 175 Bauordnungsrecht (building law) 142 Wohnungshilfen (housing allowance) 112 Bauordnungswesen (building law) 106 Baurecht (building law) 74 Ausländerrecht (imigration law) 39 Deputationen (government bodies) 39 Verwaltungskosten (administration costs) 39 Gewerbe (trade) 38 Steuern(taxes) 34 Allgemeinbildende+Schule (primary schools) 32 Gesetzgebung (legislation) 26 Wohnungsbau (house building) 26 Personalangelegenheiten (personnel matters) 25 Haushalt (budget) 24 Schwerbehindertenrecht (disabled people law) 24 Fahrerlaubnis (drivers licence) 23 Lärmbelästigung (noise disturbance) 23 Arbeitserlaubnis (working permit) 21
Top Data SetsStreet Register 1,119
Budget (State and City) 1,029
Labor Agreements Bremen 2012/2013 472
Open Toilettes 347
Official Maps of Geoinformation Bremen 329
Polling Stations 297
Populatiion by migrant status 281
Starting with 30 for an apps4Bremen Competition in 2011
Number of Registered Documents by Ministry
Ressort 2008 - 2010 2011 2012 10/2013
Senatskanzlei 4 30 6.028 7.208
Senatorin für Soziales, Kinder, Jugend und Frauen
131 117 2.101 3.348
Die Senatorin für Finanzen 114 104 1.436 3.191
Der Senator für Umwelt, Bau und Verkehr
239 167 1.983 3.149
Senatorin für Soziales, Kinder, Jugend und Frauen
131 117 2.101 3.348
Der Senator für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Häfen
176 67 1.161 2.287
Die Senatorin für Bildung und Wissenschaft
30 12 1.358 1.802
Tools for automaticregistration
Compliance Study 2013
Is a culture of the official secret the main reason for a lack of compliance ?
NO YES
The Organization Gap: Central editorial staff can not know what documents are produced in a department
For some kinds of documents authority is already assigned
Recommendation for ordinance:
Pro-active Publication of Raw Data • Much more effort for data than for documents as most
existing legacy system are not ment and suited for external access.
• The City State of Hamburg in 2012 issued a Transparency Law requiring pro-active publication of all government data according to the 10 OGD principles.
• More than 50 administrative systems are checked by more than 30 people (systems check, legal check, programming contracts between 1,000 and 100,000 Euro)
• One time cost > 5 Mio. Euro• Annual cost (maintenance) > 1 Mio. Euro
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Pro-active publication of open data - public consultation April 2014
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IFG
Informations-weiterverwendungs-
gesetz
Umwelt-Informations-gesetz
Verbraucher-informations-gesetz
Urheber-recht
Geodaten-zugangs-gesetz
Daten-schutz-gesetze
Statistik-gesetz
Overlapping legal provisions for public information
INSPIRE Annex III Themes: Provision by 2015Statistical unitsBuildingsSoilLand useHuman health and safetyUtility and Government servicesEnvironmental monitoring facilitiesProduction and industrial facilitiesAgricultural and aquaculture facilitiesPopulation distribution – demographyArea management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting unitsNatural risk zonesAtmospheric conditions...........Habitats and biotopesSpecies distributionEnergy resourcesMineral resources............
Relationsship to OGD:Double collection ? Different metadataTwo plattformsNo coordination?
More onhttp://www.ifib.de and http://www.daten.bremen.de
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