CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

name Muhammad danial amirul b. zainuddin

Class 101

form 1

subject science

teacher Madam dewiyana bt mohmad ashari

2.1 What is a cell?

A cell is the basic unit of life. Its size is too small to be seen with the naked

eye. We need an instrument called a microscope

to observe cells.

Onion Cell

Human Cheek Cell

Microscope

The functions of the microscope’s parts

part function

Eyepiece To magnify the image form by the objective lens

Objective lense To magnify the image of the object

Stage clip To hold the microscope slide in possition

Adjustment knob To get a sharper focus of the object

Diapragm To control the amount of light that entering the objective lens

Stage To support the microscope slide

Animal cell and plant cell

Animal cell and plant cellAnimal cell and plant cell

Similarities betweenSimilarities between Animal cellAnimal cell and and Plant cellPlant cell Have cell Membranecell Membrane - Control the movement of substances in and out of the

cell

Have nucleusnucleus - Control the activities of a cell

Have cytoplasmcytoplasm - - It’s a jelly like substance fluid filled with cell sap

(where chemical processes take place)

Differences between Differences between Animal cellAnimal cell and and Plant cellPlant cell

Animal Cells Differences Plant Cells

Has a irregular and Small in size

The shape is big and fixbecause it has a cellwall

Without cell wall

Does not have vacuole .If it does, it will presenceIn very small size and is called vesicle

Have chloroplast whichContain chlorophyll To Absorb energy From sun and use it In the process of photosynthesis

Form the biggest part inPlant cell. Adult plantCell has many vacuole thatFilled with fluid and food

Cell wall was made up Of cellulose to protect The cell

Shape

Cell wall

Vacuole

ChloroplastDoes not have chloroplast

Contains glycogen granules

Contains starch granules (stored food that found

Cytoplasm)

Chloroplast

2.2 unicellular and multicellular organism2.2 unicellular and multicellular organism

Organism consists of living things which include Organism consists of living things which include microscopic of animals and plants(bacteria, viruses microscopic of animals and plants(bacteria, viruses and fungus).and fungus).

A life process is a process conducted by all living A life process is a process conducted by all living things to enable them to survive in the world.things to enable them to survive in the world.

Life process conducted by multicellular organisms Life process conducted by multicellular organisms are more complex compare to a unicellular are more complex compare to a unicellular organisms.organisms.

Unicellular organismUnicellular organism

Organism that consist of only one cell are called unicellular organism

These organisms usually live in water. Some of them such as bacteria and yeast can even live in air and human body

Amoeba yeastPleurococcus

Paramecium

Uncellular organisms that Uncellular organisms that photosynthesisphotosynthesis Unicellular organism such as euglena and

chlamydomonas which consist of chloroplast can produce food by themselves through the process of photosynthesis

Chlamydomonas

Euglena

Multicellular organismsMulticellular organisms Multicellular organisms are complex organisms that

made up of many cells.

Multicellular organisms have many types of different cells with its special function. This caused them to have a huge size in shape

SpirogyraSpirogyraMucorMucor

HydraHydra

Organsation of cells in Organsation of cells in human bodyhuman body Human body is the most complex multicellular

organism. It has about 60,000 billion of cells

The cells differ by its size, shape and structure to enables it to perform a particular function

A speciallised cell is a cell that performs only one specific function in order to carry out and maintain the stability of a huge processes

Human cells and its functionscell functions

Nerve cell Send nerve impulse to the whole body

Red blood cell Carry oxygen from lung throughout the whole body

Epithelial skin Form the outer layer of skin to protect the body surface

Sperm cell Fertilizes the ovum in sexual reproduction

Skeletal muscle cell Allow movement

Bone cell Found in bones and functions in the support system of the body

Examples of human cellsExamples of human cells

Red blood cell

Epithelial cell

Nerve cellBone cell

Sperm cell

Skeletal muscle cell

TissueTissue A tissue is a group of similar cells that carry out the same function.

Example:

IMAGES TISSUES FUNCTIONS

Epithelium tissue To protect the tissue beneath it

Muscle tissue Made up of muscle cells that contracts and relaxes to enable movement of body

Nervous tissue Carry massages from one part of the body to another

Connective tissue

To connect and join several tissues together for support and protect the organs and body

OrgansOrgans When different tissues co-operate to carry out a certain

function is called an organ For example, heart is an organ formed of muscle tissues

and connective tissues that co-operate to carry out the function of blood circulation to the entire body

There are some examples of There are some examples of human organs as shown human organs as shown below:below:

SystemsSystems A group of different organs that co-operate

toperform a certain function of life process is known as the systems.

The body system as a whole enable human to carry out our life process normally and more efficiently.

There are 10 main systems in a human body

Systems and its functionsSystems and its functions

Digest food and

absorb nutrient

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

Transport oxygen and digested food to the body.

Carries unwanted excretory materials to organs to be disposed from the body.

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Inhales oxygen into the Inhales oxygen into the body and exhales body and exhales carbon dioxide out of carbon dioxide out of the body.the body.

During respiration, the During respiration, the exchange of oxygen exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide gases occur in the gases occur in the alveolus.alveolus.

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

Coordination of Coordination of body activities, such body activities, such as digestion and as digestion and metabolismmetabolism..

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Preserve the body Preserve the body shape.shape.

Provides support and Provides support and protection to internal protection to internal organs such as the organs such as the heart, lungs, and heart, lungs, and other organs.other organs.

Muscular SystemMuscular System

Enables body Enables body movement.movement.

Muscles usually react Muscles usually react as opposing pairs to as opposing pairs to produces movement.produces movement.

Reproduction SystemReproduction System

Produces offspring to continue the generationProduces offspring to continue the generation

MaleMaleFemaleFemale

AA BB

Excretory SystemExcretory System

Dispose waste from the body.

Lung - Carbon dioxide and water vapour.

Skin - Urea, mineral salt, water.

Kidney – Urea, mineral salt, water.

Nervous SystemNervous System

Co-ordinates and control all activities in the body.

Respond to the stimuli when the sensory organs receive impulses from brain.

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Body defense. Remove bacteria from

the tissue.

OrganismsOrganisms

All systems in the body works together to perform a life process that produce an independent organism.

Cell organization allows different types of work to work more smoothly and efficiently.

simple

to

complex

The human being-the complex The human being-the complex organismorganism Human considered to

be a complex organisms because they have various types of cell that form tissues, organs, and systems. (cell specialization).

ConclusionConclusion

There are two types of cell that is animal cell and plant cell. The parts of animal cell are nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm while the parts of plant cell are cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole, and three parts more which is that part is the same with animal cell. Besides that, there are also unicellular and multicellular organisms such as amoeba, paramecium, hydra, spirogyra and etc. Lastly, our body is made up of cell, tissue, organ, system and organism.

That’s all from me. Thank you so much. Science is very important in the world, So, just

make it as the way of your life. Learn new things everyday, gain knowledge and improve your life.