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Cell Communication (Chpt. 11)Cell Communication (Chpt. 11)
Chapter 11
Overview of Cell Signaling
• Signaling evolved early in history of life
• Communicating cells may be close together or far apart
• 3 stages of signaling are: reception, transduction, and response
Communicating cells
Signal Reception and the Initiation of Transduction
• A signal molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing the protein to change shape
• Most signal receptors are plasma membrane proteins
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/rhodopsin.html
Signal Transduction Pathways
• Pathways relay signals from receptors to cellular responses
• Protein phosphorylation, is a major mechanism of signal transduction
• Certain small molecules and ions are key components of signaling pathways (second messengers)
Cellular Responses to SignalsCellular Responses to Signals• In response to
a signal, a cell may regulate activities in the cytoplasm or transcription in the nucleus
• Elaborate pathways amplify and specify the cell’s response to signals