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Cell CycleCell Cycle and andCell Division Cell Division
BIG PICTUREBIG PICTURE
Mitosis
One (Diploid) Cell becomes Two (Diploid) Cells
Example : Cats Somatic Cells have 38 (2n) chromosomes
Sex cells have 19 (n) chromosomes
2n
2n2n
ChromosomesChromosomes
Chromosome(unduplicated)
Chromosome(duplicated)
DNA ReplicationCentromere
ArmGenes/DNA
2 sister chromatids
• Contain the genetic information• How this information is transmitted from one cell to
another
A Chromosome
Number of ChromosomesNumber of Chromosomes
Types of Chromosomes (Humans)
1. Body (Autosomes) – 44 chromosomes (22 pairs)
2. Sex – 2 chromosomes (1 pair) (females XX, males XY)
Total Number of Chromosomes = 46
To Begin - Terminology
• Somatic cell – A body cell (muscle, skin, etc)• Cytokinesis – the cytoplasm of one cell is divided evenly into
the two daughter cells
• Sister Chromatids
The End Result
Two cells are created with the same genetic information and number of chromosomes as their parent cell.
• http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitosis.html - *
• http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=9B385B50-541B-447A-89CF-2016A3CFC094
Where does Mitosis occur?
• Only occurs in somatic cells (ex. muscle, skin)
• Produces diploid somatic cells
Interphase
During Interphase:
• Growth -> Duplication of chromosomes -> Growth
• Takes in nutrients to build proteins
• Duplicates chromosomes within the nucleus to create sister chromatids (joined by the centromere)
Homologous Pairs
Prophase
• Individual chromosomes shorten and thicken
• Strengthens DNA for Mitosis
Metaphase
• Sister chromatids line up along the middle of the cell
Anaphase
• The sister chromatids split to form two individual chromosomes
• The two individual chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase
• Chromosomes reach the ends of the cell
• Nuclear membrane begins forming
• Cytokinesis occurs resulting in two daughter cells each containing all cell organelles and 2n chromosomes
• Interphase begins again
Telophase
Make A Chart• List IPMAT down the left side (below each phase
list how to remember it!)• Across the top, put:
– Genetic Information– Centrioles– Spindle Fibres– Nuclear membrane– Drawing (place a rough labelled sketch in here)
• Describe how each of the cell parts involved are behaving in each stage
Cell CycleCell CycleTwo main phases:1. Interphase
3 stages• G1 – rapid growth• S – DNA replication• G2 – prepare for mitosis
2. Mitosis (M) = division of the nucleus4 stages
• Prophase• Metaphase• Anaphase• Telophase
3. Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm
MitosisMitosisInterphaseInterphase
AnaphaseAnaphase
MetaphaseMetaphase
ProphaseProphase
CytokinesisCytokinesis
TelophaseTelophase
InterphaseInterphase
• Growth• DNA replication• At the end, all chromosome have two sister
chromatids
ProphaseProphase1. Chromosome formation
• DNA condenses• Nuclear membrane dissolves
2. Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell
MetaphaseMetaphase1. Centromere of chromosomes joins to spindle
fiber
2. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
AnaphaseAnaphase1. Centromere doubles
2. Chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle fibers
TelophaseTelophase1. Nuclear membrane reappears in the two
daughter cells
Cytokinesis – Cytokinesis – separation of cytoplasm; final stage of cell division
Mitosis under the Mitosis under the microscopemicroscope
PROPHASEMETAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE
Mitosis Lab –Root TipMitosis Lab –Root Tip
MetaphaseMetaphase
TelophaseTelophase
AnaphasAnaphasee
ProphaseProphase
InterphaseInterphase
Vocabulary
The Cell Cycle
Chromosomes
Interphase
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Homework
Page 44Questions #1 - 7
Mitosis On the Table
• Using pipe cleaners and your text, recreate the stages of mitosis on your desk with a partner
• 1 partner tries each phase, and the other partner checks to make sure it’s done correctly
• Raise your hand for teacher to check
• Then switch roles