Cell Organelles and FunctionsChapter 7

Cell Organelles – Read!

• Get a book• Starting on page 196• Read about the organelles / structures and answer the questions• It would be best to use pencil so you can make changes --- we will go

over these• You will be assigned two or three at a time and then we will go over

them.• You need to complete #1-3 to start.

Book Assignment Review of what we’ve already covered Read pages 188-194

• #1-3

• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/organelles/

• Inner life of the cell movie

11/29 ATB• What is the function of the nucleus? What is found inside the

nucleus?• Today:• Using the microscopes• Microscope refresher• Quiz next Tuesday or Wednesday on what we’ve covered this far

Microscope Practice Assignment• Be careful with the scopes.• Be sure to write the total magnification for what you

viewed • Be sure you use the correct color pencils.• Be sure you draw what you see in the field of view the

same size as the circle on the page.• Make sure the letter “e” is facing you when you put it

on the stage!!!

Microscope Practice Assignment

• Microscope clean up – what do you do?• When you are done, answer the questions on the back of the

lab sheet• If you would like, you can look at other objects under the

scope AFTER you are finished (like hair, paper with marks, etc)

Depth of Focus

11-9 ATB• What is the function of the following:• Mitochondria –• Ribosomes -

• Today:• Turn in microscope labs• Inner Life of Cell• Review the function of the cellular organelles• Laptops - cell structure diagrams

• Quiz Friday!!!• Your organelle research is due!

• Tomorrow:• Review for the quiz

Directions• Get a laptop• Open Microsoft word• Use Google images to copy and paste the

diagrams of the following things:• 1 Animal cell • 1 Plant cell• Mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• Nucleus with nucleolus and endoplasmic

reticulum

• Try to use pictures that don’t have a colored background• Print the page – ONE page only - this will

be used as your way to study the structures

11-11-11 ATB• You’re name is Pauly (or Polly) the Protein and you

are being excreted from the cell. Explain where you were produced and the different organelles you visited on the way to being sent through the cell membrane.

• Today:• QUIZ!!!• Any last questions?

11-17 ATB• Describe why we stain the cells?• Today:• Onion cells with stain• Paramecium??• Labs due tomorrow

11-18 ATB

• What does the nucleolus produce?• Today:• Turn in labs!• Complete the last page of your worksheet

packet (frayer)• Get you review sheets• Hand back graded stuff• On Wikispace Practice test• Amazing Cells – Univ of Utah• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin

/cells/

11-21 ATB• When a cell engulfs food, it is put into a ______.

The above structure then fuses with a _________ which will break the food down. The parts are then taken to the _______________ to be turned into energy, or _________.

• Today: REVIEW GAME!

Cell Structure / Function:

Describe:Eukaryotic –

Prokaryotic –

Levels of Organization:1. Organism2. O_____________________3. O_____________________4. T_____________________5. C_____________________

Compare / Contrast:Animal Cell –

Plant Cell -

Describe each on back: Nucleus Ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleolus

Golgi Apparatus Vacuole

Lysosome Cell Membrane

Mitochondria Cilia / Flagella

Cell Organelle Review

Plant Cell

Cellular Organelles• Cell Organization

• Cytoplasm – • Portion of cell outside the nucleus• part of the cell including the fluid, the

cytoskeleton and all organelles except nucleus • Organelle –• “little organs”• Specialized structures with specific function

• Cytosol – • the cytoplasm that includes the ribosome's but

not the membrane bound organelles – 20% protein

• Nucleus – • Contains most of cell DNA - instructions to make

proteins• control center of cell– controlled by the code in your

DNA• Nuclear Membrane / Envelope – • double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

• Nuclear Pore – • protein lined holes in the nuclear membrane that

allow RNA to enter / leave nucleus• Nucleolus – • Dense region of DNA that assembles / create

ribosome’s

• Chromosome – • DNA coils to form chromatin – chromatin coils to

form chromosomes• Chromatin is how the cell’s DNA is stored when

not replicating• Chromatin coils to form chromosomes when

replication is occurring

• Organelles that Store, Clean Up and Support

• Vacuole – • Large membrane-enclosed saclike structure• Stores materials like water, salts, proteins, carbs, etc.• Larger in plant cells than animal cells

• Central vacuole – • large organelle that stores water, enzymes, wastes,

in a plant• Take up a large amount of the plant cell• If filled with water, how will plant stand?

• Upright – if they are lacking water, plant will droop

• Vesicle – • Membrane-enclosed structure• Used to carry contents around, into / out of cell• Spherically shaped

• Are materials moving into or out of the cell in the diagram below?• INTO

• Lysosome – • Small organelles filled with enzymes• (vesicle that contains digestive enzymes

produced by Golgi)

• Digest organic materials, bacteria, etc• Break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins so

they can be used by the cell• Cytolysis or autolysis – lysosomes release enzymes to

destroy the cell (old or malfunctioning cells)

• Cytoskeleton – • network of thin tubes / filaments that supports the cell /

give it shape• Microfilament – • Threadlike structures that made of protein that support

the cell• Microtubule – • hollow tubes made of protein that hold organelles in

place and give the cell shape

• Intermediate filaments – • Rods that anchor nucleus and other organelles in

place• Maintain internal shape of the nucleus• Make up most of your hair

• Centriole – • short cylinders that organize microtubules for cell division• Not found in plant cells

• Cilium – • Hair like structures that extend from the surface of cells• Assist in cell movement• Very numerous

• Flagellum• Whip like structure that assist in movement• Usually less in number

• Organelles That Build Proteins

• Ribosome – • proteins that direct protein synthesis• Consist of two subunits

• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - • “intracellular highway” – moves stuff around the cell• Has a membrane and is composed of tubes and sacs• Rough ER – contains ribosome's

• Thus produces proteins (some phospholipids)• Proteins produced then surrounded by vesicle from the ER and

then transported around / out of cell• Smooth ER – lack ribosome's

• Produce lipids and hormones in sex cells (estrogen & testosterone)

ER

• Golgi Apparatus -• Flattened membranes and sacs• Receive vesicles from ER and modify them as the move

through the Golgi (get “address labels”)• Vesicles then are sent to various locations• Create lysosomes

• Organelles that Capture and Release Energy

• Plastid – • plant organelles that have their own DNA and perform

specific functions (Example: Chloroplasts)• Chloroplast – • Membrane bound organelle• use light energy from the sun to make carbohydrates

(photosynthesis)• Thylakoids – • flat membranous sacs that contain chlorophyll (where

photosynthesis takes place)• Chlorophyll –• green pigment that absorbs light energy in plants

• Mitochondria – • “Power house” of the cell• takes organic molecules and makes ATP (adenosine

triphosphate)• Membrane bound organelle

• Inner membrane has many folds for reactions to occur (called cristae)

• Which cells would you think have the most mitochondria? • Muscle cells

Cell Boundaries

• Cell wall – • rigid layer found outside plasma membrane• Supports / gives shape / protect the plant cell• Contain cellulose• Gives plants their structure

• Is the cell wall porous?• Yes, it must allow certain needed substances to pass

through (water, oxygen, CO2, others)

• Plasma / Cell membrane • Made of two layers of phospholipids (a bilayer) • Regulates what enters / leaves the cell• Helps protect cell from bacteria and keep cell shape• Chemical communication with other cells

• (Review) Phospholipid – contains hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head

Plasma Membrane

• Membrane Proteins:• Integral proteins – • Proteins in the plasma

membrane that are embedded or pass all the way through the membrane

• Have carbohydrate attached to act as marker or label

• Function:• Communication• Transporting materials into

cell• Peripheral proteins – • proteins found only on one side of

the membrane• Membrane contain lipids called

sterols (cholesterol) • help make membrane more

firm and prevent freezing at lower temperatures

• Fluid Mosaic Model - • Idea that the phospholipids / lipids / proteins can “flow”

around each other• Plasma membrane is more of a fluid than a solid

The End

Organelle Research• Use the available resources to find the information

needed for each organelle.• You will have 2 days to complete this.• You MUST be working on the assignment

Observing the Planeria• Bring a slide and I will pipette out one brown

planeria.• Use the microscope to sketch the planarian

11-22 ATB

• Draw the following…about ½ a page. Then list the similarities and differences for each.

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Animal

Plant

Group Test Directions:• You will discuss the questions with your group,

then answer them.• You will have ½ the period to do this.• You will then exchange your test with another

group and they will grade it.• You will get a % of the points you earn• For example, if you get 25 points, I’ll add a 5th of

those points on your test grade, or 5 points

Pg 71• 1. Hooke 1st to see what deal plant cells look like• Leeuwenhoek 1st to observe living cells

• 2. Made a microscope with 10x more power than Hooke.• 4. Parts of the cell theory• Everything composed of more than one cell• Cells are basic unit of life• Cell come from preexisting cells

• 8 characteristics of life• Life is organized• Obtain energy from surroundings• Metabolism• Change with time• Respond to stimuli• Reproduction• Homeostasis• Common history

Pg 71• 1. Hooke – 1st to see dead plant cells (cork)• Leeuwenhoek – 1st to see living cells and study them• 2. Leeuwenhoek had a better microscope• 4. Parts of Cell theory:• Cells make up all living organisms• Cells are basic unit of life• Cells come only from preexisting cells

• 8 characteristics of life• Organized parts• Metabolism (obtain energy from surroundings)• Perform chemical rxns.• Grow / develop• Respond to environment• Reproduce• Homeostasis• Common history

Pg 76

• 1. Skin: shape: like plates function: protective layer for the body• 2. Surface area to volume ratio limits

cell size. • 3. 3 things all cells have: plasma

membrane (protective layer), cytoplasm (mush & organelles), nucleus (control center)• 4. diff. bet. Prok. & euk.: Prokaryotic

cells lack membrane bound organelles and nucleus. Eukaryotic cells HAVE a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

11-4 ATB• What did Hooke and Leeuwenhoek do to help

advance cell biology?• Today:• Finish sharing your answers• Discuss some of the important discoveries dealing

with cell biology• Take a pre-quiz (test your knowledge of the cell

organelles)

Pg 76• 1. Nerve cell: Shape long thin extension of

cell Function sends / receives nerve impulses• 2. Cell size is limited by the cell outer surface

area to it’s volume• 3. Basic cell parts: plasma membrane (outer

layer), cytoplasm (jelly like inside), nucleus (control center)• 4. diff. bet. Prok. & euk. Cells: eukaryotic

have nucleus, membrane bound organelles• Prokaryotic no nucleus, no memb. Bound

organelles

Teach an organelle:

Groups of two w/ one laptop

Time to prepare = 10-15 minutes

Task: Prepare one ppt slide including a student friendly def. + at least 1 picture.

1 student will present def to class + the other will explain the picture's) (I will decide who does what so both of you should be ready to do either!).

Presenting time = 45 seconds – 1 minute …PRACTICE

Cell Organelle PowerPoint – Directions – 35 points• You are going to create a PowerPoint that

illustrates information about each cellular organelle. • Each organelle must be identified with an image

and you must explain it’s function.• You must also identify plant organelles and

compare / contrast the differences they have from animal cells.• Your PowerPoint will be graded for the detail of

it’s information and pertinence of it’s images• You will submit your presentation to me (using a

flash drive) or you can post it to the wikispace.

Describe and find an illustration of these 25 organelles• Plasma membrane• Phospholipids bilayer

• Cytoplasm• Cytosol• Nucleus• Nuclear Pore• Nuclear Membrane• Nucleolus

• Chromosome• Nuclear envelope• Ribosome• Mitochondrion• Endoplasmic reticulum• Golgi Apparatus • Lysosome

CytoskeletonMicrotubuleMicrofilamentCiliumFlagellumCentriole Cell wallCentral vacuolePlastidChloroplastChlorophyll

How to remember prok vs euk cells• It’s all in a hand bag:• Girls…when going to a wedding / fancy

occasion describe your purse• Small, compact, just the stuff you NEED

• The rest of the time, what are most of your purses like?• Big. Lots of room,

extra stuff you may not need