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OrganelleOrganelle= “little organ”= “little organ”
Found only inside Found only inside eukaryotic eukaryotic cellscells
All the stuff in between the All the stuff in between the organelles is organelles is cytosolcytosol
Everything in a cell except the Everything in a cell except the nucleus is nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm
Cell (Plasma) MembraneCell (Plasma) Membrane
Nickname: Security GuardNickname: Security Guard
Boundary of the cellBoundary of the cell
Lets some material in, waste out, and blocks Lets some material in, waste out, and blocks harmful materialsharmful materials
NucleusNucleusNickname: The BossNickname: The Boss
Control center of the cellControl center of the cell
Nucleolus Nucleolus contains contains DNA, DNA, the cells instruction manualthe cells instruction manual
Surrounded by a double Surrounded by a double membranemembrane
Usually the easiest Usually the easiest organelle to see under a organelle to see under a microscopemicroscope
Usually one per cellUsually one per cell
CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle
Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure
Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell
Made of three types of Made of three types of filamentsfilaments
CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell division
Usually found only in animal cellsUsually found only in animal cells
Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules
Part of the Part of the CytoplasmCytoplasm
RibosomeRibosomeNickname: WorkerNickname: Worker
Makes proteinMakes protein
Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating freefree
Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus
Endoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Reticulum (ER)
Nickname: RoadsNickname: RoadsConnected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cell
Rough ERRough ER: : Rough appearance Rough appearance because it has because it has ribosomesribosomesHelps make proteins, Helps make proteins, that’s why it has that’s why it has ribosomesribosomes
Endoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Reticulum (ER)
Smooth ERSmooth ER: : No ribosomes; No ribosomes; It makes fats or It makes fats or lipidslipidsBreaks down toxic Breaks down toxic material that could material that could damage the celldamage the cell
Sac of materialSac of material
Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusNickname: The ShippersNickname: The Shippers
Looks like a stack of Looks like a stack of
pancakespancakes
Packages, modifies, and transports Packages, modifies, and transports materials to materials to
different locationsdifferent locations
Materials transported to and from Materials transported to and from the Golgi by means of the Golgi by means of vesiclesvesicles
Cells that make saliva or mucus Cells that make saliva or mucus have lots of Golgi bodieshave lots of Golgi bodies
LysosomesLysosomesNickname: Clean-up Nickname: Clean-up Crew Crew
Circular but bigger than Circular but bigger than ribosomesribosomes
Small bubbles filled with digestive Small bubbles filled with digestive materialmaterial
Breaks down ‘food’ into particles Breaks down ‘food’ into particles the rest of the cell can usethe rest of the cell can use
Found mainly in animal cellsFound mainly in animal cells
LysosomesLysosomesNickname: Clean-up Nickname: Clean-up Crew Crew
Garbage disposal of the cellGarbage disposal of the cell
Gets rid of wasteGets rid of waste
Destroys damaged organellesDestroys damaged organelles
Helps white blood cells destroy Helps white blood cells destroy bacteriabacteria
Sometimes called the Suicide Sometimes called the Suicide Sac because it ‘kills’ worn out Sac because it ‘kills’ worn out cellscells
MitochondriaMitochondriaNickname: Powerhouse Nickname: Powerhouse
of the cell of the cell
Converts ‘food’ into energy Converts ‘food’ into energy the cell can usethe cell can use
Needs oxygen like a Needs oxygen like a furnace to convert energyfurnace to convert energy
Many mitochondria found Many mitochondria found in muscle cellsin muscle cells
CytoplasmCytoplasmNickname: Factory Nickname: Factory
FloorFloor
Clear jelly-like fluid Clear jelly-like fluid that contains all the that contains all the organellesorganelles
Made mostly of waterMade mostly of water
Moves materials Moves materials throughout the cellsthroughout the cells
Plant CellsPlant Cells
Have most of the Have most of the same organelles same organelles
as animal cellsas animal cells
VacuolesVacuolesFunction: Storage container for Function: Storage container for
water, food, etc.water, food, etc.
Large Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole
usually in usually in plantplant cells cells
Many smaller vacuoles in Many smaller vacuoles in
animalanimal cells cells
Stores water in plantsStores water in plants
This is what makes lettuce crispThis is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant When there is no water, the plant wiltswilts
ChloroplastChloroplastFunction: traps energy Function: traps energy
from the sun to from the sun to produce food for the produce food for the plant cellplant cell
Found only in plant Found only in plant cellscells
Green in color because Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is of chlorophyll, which is a green pigmenta green pigment
Cell WallCell WallFunction: provides support Function: provides support
and protection to the cell and protection to the cell membranemembrane
Found in Found in plantplant and and bacterialbacterial cellscells
Rigid, protective barrierRigid, protective barrier
Located Located outsideoutside of the cell of the cell membranemembrane
Made of cellulose (Made of cellulose (fiberfiber)) That’s what makes celery That’s what makes celery
crunchycrunchy
Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum