Cell parts (organelle and plasma membrane)
Rayna Higuchi, Alexa Hozouri, Audrey Elloitt, Kevin Ding, Yusuke Tsutsuzaki
Period 1
Cell Membrane and Cell WallCell MembraneRegulates passage
in and out of cells.In both plant and
animal cells.
Cell WallRigid structureLocated outside of
the plasma membrane
Only in plant cellsProvides support
and protection
Nucleus and Nucleolus
NucleusInformation and
administrative center
NucleolusOrganelle in eukaryotic
cell nucleus Produces ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum and RibosomesEndoplasmic reticulumModifies proteins and
lipidsSmooth has no
ribosomes, rough has ribosomes attached
RibosomesProtein production sites
Cytoplasm and VacuoleCytoplasmClear, gelatinous fluidSuspends the cells
organelles
VacuoleMembrane-bound, fluid-
filled space in the cytoplasm
For temporary storage of materials
Mitochondria and ChloroplastMitochondriaPower generator for the
cell
ChloroplastCaptures light energy
from the sun and converts it into chemical energy
Only in plant cells
Golgi apparatus and CytoskeletonGolgi apparatusThe distribution and
shipping department for the cells chemical products
CytoskeletonCellular framework
found within the cytoplasm
Composed of microtubules and microfilaments
LysosomeOrganelle that contains digestive enzymesDigests excess or worn out organelles, food
particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria
Viruses Basic Structure
Contains general informationNOT livingMay have external structures and a membrane
Diagram
Examples: Hepatitis B, HIV, Measles, Mumps, Rabies, Ebola, Influenza
Prokaryotic cells vs. Eukaryotic cellsProkaryoticBasic Structure
Surrounded by a membrane and cell wall
Does not have membrane enclosed organelles(except ribosomes)
Examples: Blue-green algae, bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella)
EukaryoticBasic Structure
Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Presence of characteristic
membrane enclosed organelles
Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, protists
Plasma MembraneCharacteristics
Maintains homeostasis (balance with environment)Selective permeability- allows some molecules into the
cell while keeping others outStructure
Phospholipids Lipids with a phosphate group attached
Carrier Proteins Allows larger substances to move through the
plasma membraneCholesterol molecule
Helps stabilize the phospholipids Prevents fatty acid chains of the
phospholipids from sticking together
1. What is the function of the vacuole?a. It produces and
modifies proteinsb. Serves as an
information and administrative center for the cell
c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell
d. Captures light energy from the sun to convert into chemical energy
2. Nucleolus= organelle in cells that produces
a. prokaryotic, DNAb. Prokaryotic, ribosomesc. Eukaryotic, ribosomesd. Eukaryotic, DNA
3. What is the definition of a ribosome?a. Protein production
siteb. Organelle that
contains digestive enzymes and digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses/ bacteria
c. Protein and lipid modifier
d. The distribution and shipping department for the cell’s chemical products
4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of
cells
a.The cytoplasm, located just inside the plasma membrane, regulates the passage in and out of cells
b.The plasma membrane, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells
c.The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells
d.The cell wall, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells
5. Which of these is an example of a virus?
a.HIVb.Ecolic.Salmonellad.Bacteria
6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
a.Has a plasma membrane and a cell wallb.Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed
organelles c.DNA not contained in a nucleusd.Has ribosomes
7. What is the plasma membrane made of?a. The plasma membrane contains carrier proteins,
cholesterol molecules, and microtubules. b. The plasma membrane contains flagellum, phospholipids,
and carrier proteinsc. The plasma membrane contains cholesterol molecules,
lysotubules, and phospholipidsd. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol
molecules, and carrier proteins
8. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids (contained within the plasma membrane):1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together
a. 1b. 2c. 3d. Both 1 and 2e. Both 1 and 3f. Both 2 and 3
9. Which of these correctly labels the diagram of a prokaryotic cell?
a. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall, 4. endoplasmic reticulum
b. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella
c. 1. lysosome; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall; 4. golgi apparatus
d. 1. lysosome; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella
1.
4.
2.
3.
10. What does a chloroplast do?A. power generator for the cellB. captures light energy and converts it to
chemical energyC. uses energy from the sun to create other
organellesD. digests other old or worn out organelles to
make energy
Answer to questions 1 and 2:1. What is the
function of the vacuole?
c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell
2. Nucleolus= organelle in
cells that produces
c. Eukaryotic, ribosomes
Answers to questions 3 and 4:3. What is the
definition of a ribosome?
a. Protein production site
4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of cells
c. The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells
Answers to questions 5 and 6:5. Which of these is
an example of a virus?
a. HIV(the rest are all bacteria)
6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
b. Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles
Answer to question 7:7. What is the plasma membrane made of?d. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids,
cholesterol molecules, and carrier proteins (PS: for anyone who chose answer c, lysotubules don’t
exist)
Answer to question 8:7. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids
(contained within the plasma membrane):1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together
a.1(they have polar, hydrophilic heads and non- polar, hydrophobic tails. Cholesterol molecules prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together and stabilize them)
Answer to question 9:9. Which of these correctly labels the
diagram of a prokaryotic cell?1.
4.
2.
3.
a. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella
Answer to question 10:10. What does a chloroplast do?
B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy