CELL SB 1 a Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

CELLS UNIT

Cell = the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life

CELL DIVERSITY- cells are limited in size by their surface area to volume ratio- at some point, a cell can’t take in enough energy quickly enough to live

- organelles = cell components that perform specific functions for the cell

- two types: eukaryotes and prokaryotes

EukaryotesCell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Nucleus

Membrane-bound organelles

Largest

Single or Multi Celled

ex: plants, animals

ProkaryotesCell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

No Nucleus

No membrane-bound organelles

Smallest

Single Celled

ex: bacteria

MULTICELLULAR ORGANIZATION

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Organism

(smallest) (simple)

(largest) (complex)

PARTS OF THE EUKARYOTIC

CELL

CELL MEMBRANE

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE = ONLY CERTAIN THINGS CAN ENTER / EXIT THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE

CYTOPLASM

Contains the organelles of the cell

Contains cytosol = a gelatin-like aqueous fluid which organelles are in

CYTOPLASM

CENTRIOLES•Organelles found in animal cells.•They are used during cell reproduction.

CENTRIOLES

CYTOSKELETON

•Intracellular matrix that supports cell shape and function.

CYTOSKELETON

NUCLEUSStores the hereditary information in its DNA; controls the cell (brain of the cell)

NUCLEUS

NUCLEOLUS

Site where ribosomes are made

NUCLEUS/NUCLEOLUS

RIBOSOMES

Most numerous organelle; synthesize proteins

RIBOSOMES

MITOCHONDRIASites of chemical reactions – supply energy to cell (powerhouse)

More numerous in cells with high energy requirements

MITOCHONDRIA

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Functions as a highway along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

Two types:1)Rough ER (has ribosomes)

2) Smooth ER (no ribosomes)

ROUGH ER

SMOOTH ER

ROUGH AND SMOOTH ER

GOLGI APPARATUS

The processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell

GOLGI APPARATUS

LYSOSOMESOrganelles that contain enzymes that digest stuff

Common in cells of animals, fungi, and protists, but rare in plant cells

LYSOSOMES

MICROTUBULESContributes to the support, movement, and division of the cell

MICROTUBULES

FLAGELLAWhipping action propels cells and makes them move

FLAGELLA

CELL WALLRigidity helps support and protect the plant cell

CELL WALL

PLANT CELLS WITH CELL WALL

VACUOLEFluid filled organelle that stores enzymes, metabolic wastes, and water

VACUOLE

VACUOLE (IN A PLANT CELL)

CHLOROPLAST used to trap energy of sunlight during photosynthesis with chlorophyll and convert to energy

CHLOROPLAST