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Cell Structure and FunctionDonald Winslow, St. Gregory’s University
25 January 2011
Readings:Mader, Sylvia 2011
Inquiry into Life, 13th ed.McGraw-Hill, NY
Ch. 3; pp 47-52, 54-61, 63Ch. 4; pp 68-69, 71-78 (on membranes)
Objectives
List organelles found in most cells. Describe structure & function of these organelles. Give examples of cells where particular types of
organelles are abundant. Describe structure & function of cell membranes. Contrast cell membranes & cell walls. Explain membrane transport processes.
Organelles in an endothelial cell
Nucleus
Envelope (2 membranes) Functions in DNA replication & RNA synthesis Most eukaryotic cells have one nucleus. Syncytial eukaryotic cells have multiple nuclei. Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei.
Mitochondria & chloroplasts
Mitochondria Inner membrane & outer membrane Function in cellular respiration Especially abundant in muscle cells
Chloroplasts Inner membrane & outer membrane Function in photosynthesis Especially abundant in leaf cells
Endoplasmic reticulum
One membrane surrounding lumen Lipid bilayer synthesis, transport to membranes Rough endoplasmic reticulum (with ribosomes)
Proteins imported into ER as they are made
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
No membranes 2 subunits composed of protein & RNA Protein synthesis from info in messenger RNA Especially abundant in cells that secrete proteins
Lysosomes & peroxisomes
Lysosomes One membrane Intracellular digestion
Peroxisomes One membrane Oxidation of toxins by peroxide Especially abundant in protective tissues
Golgi apparatus
Stack of membrane-bound “pancakes” Staging area for ER products
Vesicular transportTransport vesicle
Cell membrane