Date post: | 20-Dec-2015 |
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CellAll cellular organisms have a
Protoplast:the cytoplasm and its
surrounding plasma membrane
Some organisms have a
Cell Wall(polysaccharide)
plantsfungi
some protistsmost bacteria
Bacteria often have a
CapsuleWhich is a gooey outside covering for protection
(polysaccharide)
Activities of the Nucleus
• Replication of DNA
• Gene Expression: Synthesis of RNA
• Ribosome subunit assembly (in nucleolus, where rRNA genes are expressed)
Activities of the Nucleus
• Replication of DNA
• Gene Expression: Synthesis of RNA
• Ribosome subunit assembly (in nucleolus, where rRNA genes are expressed)
2. RNA splicing in eukaryotic genes
Exon 1 Exon 2 Exon 3
Intron 1 Intron 2 Intron 3 Intron 4
Intron 1
Intron 2
Intron 3
Intron 4
Membrane Systems:synthesis, degradation and transport
• Nucleus
• RER
• SER
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
roughendoplasmic reticulum
protein synthesis
ribosome
Smooth ER lipid synthesis Rough ER protein synthesis
Nucleus, RER, SER membranes are continuous
ribosomenucleus
Golgi Apparatussynthesis of molecules for export and degradation
cis face“receiving”
trans face“shipping”
new vesicle forming
transport vesicles carrying cargo molecules
transportvesicle
Plant Vacuoles
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plasmolysis