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Cell Structure & Function Part 1
ObjectivesDescribe the function of the cell
membrane
Describe the function of the major cell organelles
Cell MembraneCell Membrane• All cells have a cell membraneAll cells have a cell membrane
Regulates what comes in & out of the Regulates what comes in & out of the cell (selectively permeable)cell (selectively permeable)
Provides structure and supportProvides structure and support
Made of a lipid bilayer which provides Made of a lipid bilayer which provides a strong flexible barriera strong flexible barrier
The phospholipid bilayer The phospholipid bilayer has has carbohydratescarbohydrates AND AND proteinsproteins embedded within! embedded within!
Membrane ProteinsSome proteins are attached to the
surfaces of the cell membranePeripheral proteins are located on both
the interior surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane
Integral proteins are imbedded in the bilayer
Fluid Mosaic Model.mov
Eukaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell structurestructure
Made up of organelles or “little Made up of organelles or “little organs”organs”
Divided into 2 parts: nucleus & Divided into 2 parts: nucleus & cytoplasmcytoplasm
Between the cell membrane and the Between the cell membrane and the nucleus lies the cytoplasm (contains nucleus lies the cytoplasm (contains the organelles)the organelles)
The organelles are surrounded by a The organelles are surrounded by a liquid called cytosol liquid called cytosol
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Converts food into compounds the cell usesConverts food into compounds the cell uses
The process of Cellular Respiration takes place in mitochondria (breaking down food to produce ATP)
Mitochondria are from the egg cell, so thank Mitochondria are from the egg cell, so thank your MOM!your MOM!
Mitochondria…Surrounded by two membranes
Smooth outer membraneInner membrane- has many
folds called cristae
RibosomesRibosomesAre made of RNA and proteinAre made of RNA and protein
Assemble proteinsAssemble proteins
Protein assembly instruction Protein assembly instruction comes from the nucleuscomes from the nucleus
Cells active in protein Cells active in protein synthesis have many ribosomessynthesis have many ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulumMakes and exports proteins and lipids Makes and exports proteins and lipids
It’s like an assembly line or highway of It’s like an assembly line or highway of the cellthe cell
Rough ER makes proteins, so its Rough ER makes proteins, so its covered in ribosomes! covered in ribosomes!
Smooth ER, involved in the synthesis of Smooth ER, involved in the synthesis of steroids in gland cells, regulation of steroids in gland cells, regulation of calcium in muscle cells, and breakdown calcium in muscle cells, and breakdown of toxins in liver cellsof toxins in liver cells
Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
LysosomesLysosomesClean up crew, remove junk!Clean up crew, remove junk!
Digest or break down lipids, Digest or break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and old carbohydrates, proteins and old organellesorganelles
Common in animal cells, rare in plant Common in animal cells, rare in plant cellscells
Filled with enzymesFilled with enzymes
ReviewDescribe the function of the cell
membraneRegulates what enters and leaves
the cell and provides support and protection
Describe the function of the major cell organellesMitochondria- convert the chemical
energy in food into compounds the cell can use (powerhouse of the cell)
Ribosomes- assemble proteins
Review…Endoplasmic reticulum- makes and
exports proteins and lipidsRough ER- makes proteins (covered
by ribosomes)Smooth ER- makes enzymes,
membrane lipids and detoxifies drugs
Golgi apparatus- modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Lysosomes- digest things