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B. Organelles (little organs)
1. Controla. Nucleus
-contains genetic material-stores DNA-surrounded by a doublemembrane with pores-directs all cell activities-contains the nucleolus
2. Energy Related i. Chloroplast (in plants only)
-Green -Contains pigment chlorophyll -Site of photosynthesis
2. Energy Related (cont.) b. Mitochondria
- “powerhouse of the cell”- Site of cellular respiration- Where ATP is formed
3. Membranous Sacs & Canals a. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
-miniature circulatory system-series of tubular canals-serves to transport materials
Smooth ER- transports lipidsRough ER-transports proteins
b. Ribosomes -small spherical structures -made of RNA -site of Protein Synthesis -may be free (in cytoplasm)
or -attached (on the rough ER)
c. Vacuole -sac -used for storage (food, water, etc.) -1 large in all plants, - several small in only some animals
d. Lysosome -storage sac -contains digestive enzymes - “suicide bag” Ex. Membranes present between fingers
and toes in early embryos
e. Golgi Body (Complex/Apparatus) -series of flattened sacs (disc-like) -packages cell secretions (products)
Ex. Goblet Cell & Mucous
4. Cytoskeleton & Movement
-give support and internal structure to cell-aid in moving organelles (form a track)-give support & internal structure to cell-important in muscle cell contraction
d. Flagellum -only on animal cells -long hair-like projection in whip-like motion -used to propel the cell -made of microtubules
e. Cilia -only in animal cells -used to propel cells
(uses an oar-like motion) -used in organisms to move materials
Ex. Line respiratory tract and move debris move egg cells down the fallopian tube