Cell Theory1. All living things are made of cells.

2. Cells are produced from other cells.

3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function for all living organisms.

2 Types of CellsProkaryotic Cells – Bacteria – have no enclosed nucleus

Eukaryotic Cells – All plants, animals, fungi, & protista. These are more advanced cells that have an enclosed nucleus.

Prokaryotic CellsThe most primitive cells do not have an enclosed nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cells viewed with a microscope

Nucleus

The Brain of the cell. Controls all of the functions

of a cell. Determinesthe type of cell.

CytoplasmThe jelly like substance that fills the cell.

Cell MembraneThin, flexible barrier around the cell. Determines what enters and leaves the cell.

MitochondriaBreaks down your food to produce energy. The energy powerhouse of the cell.

MitochondriaMitochondria have their own DNA. Billions of years ago, they were probably free living bacteria that entered a cell and set up a mutualistic relationship.

RibosomesMakes proteins. Often found on rough E.R.

Endoplasmic Reticulum E.R.Membrane system used for transport within a

cell. Rough E.R. contains ribosomes. Smooth E.R. does not contain ribosomes.

LysosomesContain enzymes to break down

wastes.

GolgiBodiesStack of membranes that attach

carbohydrates and lipids to proteins. Assemble molecules needed by cell.

Plant cells also contain:Cell Walls Chloroplasts Large Vacuoles

Plant Cells: Cell WallCell Wall surrounds cell and protects it. Makes a plant cell rigid.

ChloroplastsUsed in photosynthesis to make food for the plant. Makes plant green.

VacuolesStores water. Plants have much bigger vacuoles than animal cells do.

Test yourself: Animal Cell

Test yourself – Plant cell