Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other

living cells The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

All Cells share characteristics.

All cells are… Enclosed by a membrane. Filled with cytoplasm. Microscopic

Bacterium(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

Prokaryotic Cell simple organism without a defined

nucleus or internal membranes Ex: bacteria “Pro” before “karyon” nut or kernel (nucleus)

Nucleoid

“Nucleus-like”, Contains genetic material for cell

division (DNA) No membrane around it

Plasmid External, single DNA molecules Often contain genes that can

adapt, offer selective advantages

Ribosomes Site where protein synthesis occurs Where proteins are made

Plasma Membrane Controls movement of materials in

& out of the cell

Prokaryotic Cell Wall

Protects & maintains shape of cell

Cytoplasm Makes up majority of cell allows reactions to proceed contains enzymes “Cell goo”

Flagella or Flagellum

Cell movement, transportation mechanism

“Propeller”

Pilli or Pilus

Allows cell to attach to surfaces & other bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells

Eu-True complex cells with a nucleus MUCH larger than prokaryotic cells Cells that contain membrane

bound organelles

Eukarotic Cell Types

Animal Cells-heterotrophic (consumers, rely on outside source for

food) Plant Cells-autotrophic (producers, rely on energy from sun)

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

Nucleus Nickname: “Control Center” or “Brain” Function: holds DNA, controls all cell

activity (eating, movement, reproduction)

Nucleolus: - Found inside nucleus- makes ribosomes

Ribosomes

Ribosomes Function: make proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and

eukaryotic “Body Builders”

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery

system of cell

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types:

1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has

ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, gives

proteins shape

2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids, transports

proteins

Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, &

transports materials inside/outside of cell

Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: break down food into usable

particles, destroy old cells (enzymes)

Cytoplasm Makes up majority of cell Function: allows reactions,

contains enzymes “Cell goo”

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell

activities that require energy

Plasma Membrane or Cell membrane

controls entry & exit of any material

“Bouncer”

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Now let’s talk about structures found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Vacuole: stores water“Water bubble” This is what makes lettuce crisp

When there is less water, plant wilts

Vacuole

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from sun &

converts it to food for plant cell “Green goblins” chlorophyll is green

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall Function: cellulose structure that

provides support & protection to cell membrane

“Peanut shell” Found outside cell membrane in plant

cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal