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Some Cell FactsSome Cell Facts
The average human being is composed of The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!cells!!!
It would take as many as 50 cells to It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter. cover the area of a dot on the letter.
There are millions of different types There are millions of different types of cells.of cells.
In the body, there are brain cells, In the body, there are brain cells, skin cells, liver cells, stomach skin cells, liver cells, stomach cells.cells.
There are different types of cell structures. For example we have bacteria, plant cell and a animal cell.These cells are use in daily life today.
Plant and Animals Plant and Animals SimilaritiesSimilarities
They both have a have a nucleolus They both have a have a nucleolus and nucleus.and nucleus.
They both need a cell membrane.They both need a cell membrane. They both have to have to have a They both have to have to have a Centrosome.Centrosome.
Both need to have rough endoplasmic Both need to have rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. reticulum.
Structure Animal cells Plant cells
cell membrane Yes yes
nucleus Yes yes
nucleolus yes yes
ribosomes yes yes
ER yes yes
Golgi yes yes
centrioles yes no
cell wall no yes
mitochondria yes yes
cholorplasts no yes
One big vacuole
no yes
cytoskeleton yes Yes
3 Basic Components 3 Basic Components
The 3 Basic Components of the The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory:Cell Theory:
1. All organisms are composed of 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. life in all living things.
3. All cells are produced by the 3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. division of preexisting cells.
Cell OrganellesCell Organelles OrganelleOrganelle= = “little organ”“little organ”
Found only inside Found only inside eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells
All the stuff in All the stuff in between the between the organelles is organelles is cytosolcytosol
Everything in a Everything in a cell except the cell except the nucleus is nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton Acts as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle
Provides shape Provides shape and structureand structure
Helps move Helps move organelles organelles around the cellaround the cell
Made of three Made of three types of types of filamentsfilaments
RibosomeRibosome
Site of protein Site of protein synthesissynthesis
Found attached Found attached to rough ER or to rough ER or floating free in floating free in cytosolcytosol
Produced in a Produced in a part of the part of the nucleus called nucleus called the the nucleolusnucleolus
Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus Looks like a Looks like a stack of platesstack of plates
Stores, modifies Stores, modifies and packages and packages proteinsproteins
Molecules Molecules transported to transported to and from the and from the Golgi by means Golgi by means of of vesiclesvesicles
LysosomesLysosomes Garbage Garbage disposal of disposal of the cellthe cell
Contain Contain digestive digestive enzymes that enzymes that break down break down wasteswastes
MitochondriaMitochondria ““Powerhouse of Powerhouse of the cell”the cell”
Cellular Cellular respirationrespiration occurs here to occurs here to release energy release energy for the cell to for the cell to useuse
Bound by a double Bound by a double membranemembrane
Has its own Has its own strand of DNAstrand of DNA
ChloroplastChloroplast
Found only in Found only in plant cellsplant cells
Contains the Contains the green pigment green pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll
Site of food Site of food ((glucoseglucose) ) productionproduction
Bound by a Bound by a double membranedouble membrane
Advantages of each kind Advantages of each kind of cell architectureof cell architecture
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
simple and easy to grow
can specialize
fast reproduction multicellularity
all the samecan build large bodies
Prokaryote cells are Prokaryote cells are smaller and simplersmaller and simpler
Commonly known as bacteriaCommonly known as bacteria 10-100 microns in size10-100 microns in size Single-celled Single-celled (unicellular) or(unicellular) or
Filamentous (strings of Filamentous (strings of single cells)single cells)
cytoplasmcytoplasm: inner : inner liquid fillingliquid filling
DNADNA in one big loop in one big loop pillipilli: for sticking : for sticking to thingsto things
flagellaflagella: for : for swimmingswimming
ribosomesribosomes: for : for building proteinsbuilding proteins
Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli)
Eukaryotes are bigger Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicatedand more complicated
Have Have organellesorganellesHave Have chromosomeschromosomescan be can be multicellularmulticellularinclude include animalanimal and and plantplant cells cells
Eukaryote cells Eukaryote cells can be can be multicellularmulticellular
The The whole cellwhole cell can be can be specializedspecialized for one job for one job
cells can work together as cells can work together as tissuestissues
Tissues can work together as Tissues can work together as organsorgans
How Has The Cell Theory Been How Has The Cell Theory Been Used?Used?
The basic discovered truths about The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory, cells, listed in the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as:are the basis for things such as:
Disease/Health/Medical Research and Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research.Cloning, Stem Cell Research.
Some Parting ThoughtsSome Parting Thoughts
The cells that make up our bodies are The cells that make up our bodies are just as alive as we are. just as alive as we are.
Humans are just an intricately Humans are just an intricately designed community of cells, which designed community of cells, which must work together to survive.must work together to survive.
They are cells coming rub off and They are cells coming rub off and cells that are coming apart.cells that are coming apart.
That is the cycle of cell.That is the cycle of cell.