4/25/2015 1 7 th Grade Science Kline Cell Theory Two scientist, named Schlieden and Schwann, proposed the first cell theory in 1839. Modern Cell Theory The Modern Cell Theory can have up to 9 statements, but we will use 6. These are on the 8 th grade EOG test. 1. All living things are made of cells. ~ALL Animals, ALL Plants, Bacteria, Mold, Fungus, are all included in this. 2. Cells are the most basic structural and functional unit of living things. ~Structure = How something is put together. ~Function = How something works. ~Cells determine how an organism is put together, what it looks like, and everything it is capable of doing. 3. Cells come from other cells when cells divide. ~Cells (life) cannot be created spontaneously. -Mitosis 4. Cells contain DNA, which passes information from one generation to the next. ~DNA is the “blueprint for life”… instructions for how you are made given to you by your parents cells. 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. ~Cells are made out of mostly the same stuff and are put together in mostly the same ways. 6. All “energy flow” of life occurs at the cellular level. ~Digesting of food, all types of movement, and anything that your body does which requires energy, begins at the cellular level. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the most basic structural and functional unit of living things. 3. Cells come from other cells when cells divide. 4. Cells contain DNA, which passes information from one generation to the next. 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6. All “energy flow” of life occurs at the cellular level.
Transcript
4/25/2015
1
7th Grade Science
Kline
Cell TheoryTwo scientist, named Schlieden and
Schwann, proposed the first cell theory in 1839.
Modern Cell Theory The Modern Cell Theory can have up to 9 statements,
but we will use 6. These are on the 8th grade EOG test.
1. All living things are made of cells.
~ALL Animals, ALL Plants, Bacteria, Mold, Fungus, are all included in this.
2. Cells are the most basic structural and functional unit of living things.
~Structure = How something is put together.
~Function = How something works.
~Cells determine how an organism is put together, what it looks like, and everything it is capable of doing.
3. Cells come from other cells when cells divide.
~Cells (life) cannot be created
spontaneously.
-Mitosis
4. Cells contain DNA, which passes information from one generation to the next.
~DNA is the “blueprint for life”… instructions for how you are made given to you by your parents cells.
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
~Cells are made out of mostly the same stuff and are put together in mostly the same ways.
6. All “energy flow” of life occurs at the cellular level.
~Digesting of food, all types of movement, and anything that your body does which requires energy, begins at the cellular level.
Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the most basic structural and functional unit of living things.
3. Cells come from other cells when cells divide.
4. Cells contain DNA, which passes information from one generation to the next.
5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
6. All “energy flow” of life occurs at the cellular level.
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Cell Organelles Cell Wall
• PLANTS ONLY!
• Organelle found only in plants that forms a hard, protective coating around the cell
Cell Membrane
• Plants AND animals
• Organelle found in both plant and animal cells that protect the cell from the outside world
• Lets good things enter the cell and bad thing leave (like a window screen)
Cytoplasm
• Plant AND animal
• Everything in between the membranes
• Clear, thick, jelly-like
• Holds organelles in place
Nucleus
• Plant AND animal
• Organelle that holds the information that tell how to build, operate, and repair the cell
• The “brain” of the cell
Nuclear Membrane
• Plant AND animal
• “skin” that hold all the chromosomes together inside the nucleus
• Lets things in and out of the nucleus through pores
Chromosomes
• Found within the nucleus and contains all the genetic materials
Nucleolus
• Plant AND animal
• Found within the nucleus
• Makes ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Plant AND animal
• Maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
• “End-o-the hall”
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Ribosomes
• Plant AND animal
• Organelles that produces protein
• RIBS=red meat=protein
Mitochondria
• Plant AND animal
• Organelle that converts sugar from food into energy that can be used within the cell
• Energy=power=Power House of the Cell
• “Mighty Mitochondria”
Lysosomes
• Plant AND animal
• Breaks down old cell parts and food
• Lysosomes=Lysol
– *Lysol breaks down germs and bacteria
Vacuole
• Plant AND animal
• Organelles that provide storage (food, water, waste)
• Vacuum
Chloroplasts
• ONLY IN PLANTS
• The location where plant cells make sugar out of water and carbon dioxide
Golgi Complex
• Plant AND animal
• Organelle that turns simple chemicals into more complex chemicals
• Packages, stores, and secrets energy for the cell
The Cell Cycle
Lesson Objectives:
•Explain why cells need to divide.
•List the stages of the cell cycle and explain what happens in each stage.
•List the stages of Mitosis and explain what happens at each stage.
Quick Review
• What is the cell theory?
• In what part of your cells is the genetic information located?
Vocabulary
• Sexual Reproduction
• Budding
• Mitosis
• Sexual Reproduction
• Cell Cycle
• Mitosis
• Parent cell
• Prophase
• Telophase
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• Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
– Budding - a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on another one. The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the parent organism only when it is mature.
– Mitosis – division of the nucleus
• Sexual reproduction produces offspring that have genetic information from two parents.
– Fertilization – sex cells if different organisms if the same species combine to produce a new organism.
