GE TRANSPORTATION– ENERGY STORAGE

Collin RussoDavid TawadrasBrian Johnson

Engineering Design 100

Mission Statement

“To Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources to

provide cell services to citizens in parts of Kenya who otherwise would not have access to this

technology.”

Abstract

Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources, a diesel generator system, and sodium metal halide battery to the base station. The system should optimize available power in areas with either no energy grid or an unreliable energy

grid, and also illustrate environmental benefits of replacing the typical current

solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal resources and reusable across developing regions.

1.1 Executive Summary

Company Background

GE is a diversified infrastructure, finance, and media company taking on the world's toughest challenges. From aircraft engines and power

generation to financial services, medical imaging, and television programming, GE operates in more than 100 countries and employs

about 300,000 people worldwide. GE has a strong set of global businesses in infrastructure, finance, and media aligned to meet today's needs, including the demand for global infrastructure;

growing and changing demographics that need access to healthcare, finance, and information and entertainment; and environmental

technologies. In 2009, GE delivered solid results despite the tough economic climate with earnings of $11.2 billion. Industrial cash flow from operating activities for the year remained strong at over $16.6

billion. GE traces its beginnings to Thomas A. Edison, who established Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. In 1892, a merger of Edison General Electric Company and Thomson- Houston Electric Company created General Electric Company. GE is the only company listed in the Dow Jones Industrial Index today that was also included

in the original index in 1896.ts of replacing the typical current solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal

resources and reusable across developing regions.

1.2 Executive Summary

Kenya Background Information3.3 External Search

- Kenya is the 47th largest country in the world

- It has a tropical climate. It is hot and humid at the coast, and very dry inland (our location).

- It receives a great deal of sunshine year round, and stays hot

- The capital, Nairobi, is located near the center of the country with a population of about 3.2 million.

Hierarchy of Importance2.1 Customer Needs Assessment

Function 1.1 Self operating station1.2 Efficient1.3 24hr full operation

Impact 2.1 Provides telephone service2.2 Consume Resources2.3 Wildlife

Maintenance Cost 3.1 Low cost

Initial Cost 4.1 Cost Effective

Aesthetics 5.1 Blends in5.2 Appealing in nature

Weights of Criteria2.2 Customer Needs Assessment

Aesthetic Impact Maintenance Cost

Initial Cost

Function Total Weighting

Aesthetics 1 .34 .25 .34 .17 2.1 .059Impact 3 1 .75 1 .5 6.25 .176

Maintenance Cost 4 1.34 1 1.34 .67 8.35 .235

Initial Cost 3 1 .75 1 .5 6.25 .176Function 6 2 1.5 2 1 12.5 .353

Total 35.45 1.0

Product (System) Specs2.3 Customer Needs Assessment

Load 1.2 kWArea Non-GridOperating VDC 48 VDC

Components Diesel DC Generator Sodium metal halide battery Alternative Energy Source Hut

Customer Needs Matrix2.4 Customer Needs Assessment

Mechanical Patent Research 3.1.1 External Search

FunctionGears, Belts, and moving

parts in general Blade Shape Antenna Materials

Wind Turbines

415658042882005083039

Blade Shape

73576240036657 A1

Cell Tower

717357076429886057806

AC Generator

445174950897345512813

Solar Panels4233085

0101134 A1

3.1.2 External Search

Software and Electrical Patent Research

Software Components

12/179,315

10/439,664

12/323,450

11/654,256

Electrical Components

5522943 Portable power supply

5164654solar energy operated

automatic charge device for electric appliances

4963811

method and apparatus for powering electrical and electronic consuming

devices with solar energy

5576533 circuit for converting solar energy into AC power

Cell Towers Benchmarking3.2 External Search

Lattice Tower Monopole Tower Guyed Tower Stealth TowerMax Height 200' 200' 300'+ No taller than a treeMax Range Proportional to height with a absolute max of about 45 mile, due to limits of the cell phones.Max People As long as each tower has enough people in its range, the maximum number of people is about the same.

Cost $85,00 $140,000 $65,000 $200,000

Aesthetics 3-sided triangular base Single tube Straight tower with guide wires Disguised as natural surroundings or art workLand Required Not a lot Not a lot Large amount Small amount

Black Box Model4.1 Concept Generation

Energy

HutCell Phone

Service/Signal

Power Grid or Battery

Cell Tower Antenna

Mechanical Energy

Electrical Energy

Apply Electrical Energy to Antenna

Timed Cycle

Power System Switch

Trigger Switch

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Concept Classification Tree

Power

Antenna

Lattice

Stealth

Tower

Hut

Guyed

Monopole

Wind

Hydro

Solar

Bio/Solar

Geothermal

18-panel

3-panel

9-panel

1 round panel

4.2 Concept Generation

Solar/Wind/Bio

Preliminary Concepts4.3 Concept Generation

Tower: 1) 3-sided tower with a triangular base (Lattice)2) Single tube (Monopole)3) Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed)4) Tower disguised as the natural surroundings or artwork (Stealth)Power Source: 1) Solar2) Wind3) Bio-fuel/solar combination 4) Hydroelectric5) Geothermal6) Solar/wind/bio-fuel combinationAntenna: 1) Triangular arrangement with three panels2) Triangular arrangement with nine panels3) Triangular arrangement with eighteen panels4) Round arrangement of on large panel

Concept Combination Table4.4 Concept Generation

-Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed)

-Solar and Wind Combination-9 panel antenna

Examination of Materials/ Manufacturing Processes

4.5 Concept GenerationPart # Name QTY Cost SOP

EffectFunction Dimensions Manufacturing

ProcessMaterial

1 Wind Turbine Top 2   Y Creates usable energy 40 inch radius dome= 1.5ft

Molded Magnifying plastic

2 Solar Panel 2 

  Y Creates usable energy 1M radius Machined Silicon

3 Support pole 2   N Support and elevate 40 ft Molded Metal

4 Mounting Bracket 2   N Support Solar panel 6in Machined and drilled

Metal

5 Generator Motor 2   Y Generate electricity from wind turbine

H: 1ftR: 6in

Machine manufactured

Metal s, plastic

6 Guyed Tower 1   Y Elevate Antennae 80ft Molded and machined

Metal

7 Support Rope 4   N Support Tower 120ft Machine woven Fibers

8 9 Plate Antennae 1   Y Send and Receive Cell Service

Tri : sides 10ftx3

Machined Metals, Plastic

9 Concrete Hut 1   N Safely store electronics 8ft X 8ft X 8ft Molded Concrete

10 Diesel Generator 1   N Back Up Power Source 6ft x 2ft Machined Metal, Oil

11 Sodium metal halide battery 

1   N Charge and discharge during need

H: 4ftR: 2ft

Machined Acid, Plastic, Metal

Maintenance Requirements4.5 Concept Generation

1Yr- Full cleaning of both the turbine and solar panel

5Yr- Examining battery, wiring, generator for full functionality

Criteria of Company5.1 Concept Selection

Provide Cell Service to an area with either no energy grid or an unreliable energy grid.

Use alternative Energy to rum/maintain the cell tower/hut.

Keep initial and maintenance costs low.

Provide service to as many people as possible with one tower.

Power source must supply 1.2 kilowatt constant load.

Keep pollutants to a minimal.

The GE Product Statement Requires the Following of our Tower:

Tower Design

1 2 3 4

Lattice Monopole Guyed Stealth

Cost of Production + 0 + -

Durability 0 0 0 0

Max Height 0 0 + -

Max Range 0 0 + 0

Aesthetics 0 0 0 +

Land Required + + - +

Sum +'s 2 1 3 2

Sum 0's 4 5 2 2

Sum -'s 0 0 1 2

Net Score 2 1 2 0

Rank 2 3 1 4

Continue? No No Yes No

5.2.1 Concept Selection

Power Source Design

1 2 3 4 5 6

Solar Wind Bio/Solar Hydro Geothermal Solar/Wind/Bio

Cost of Production - + - - 0 -

Durability + - - 0 - -

Power Output + 0 + 0 0 +

Application in Region + + - - - +

Reliability 0 0 - 0 + -

Land Required 0 + + - - 0

Sum +'s 3 3 2 0 1 2

Sum 0's 2 2 0 3 2 1

Sum -'s 1 1 4 3 3 3

Net Score 2 2 -2 -3 -2 -1

Rank 1 1 4 6 5 3

Continue? Combine Combine No No No No

5.2.2 Concept Selection

Antenna Design

1 2 3 4

3-panels 9-panels 18-panels 1-round panel

Cost of Production + 0 - 0

Durability + + 0 -

Max Range 0 0 0 -

Max People - 0 + -

Signal Quality - 0 + -

Sum +'s 2 1 2 0

Sum 0's 1 4 2 1

Sum -'s 2 0 1 4

Net Score 0 1 1 -4

Rank 3 1 2 4

Continue? No Yes No No

5.2.3 Concept Selection

Our Design

Clear Wind Turbine made out of a

magnifying materialFixed round solar panel below the

wind turbine

9 panel antenna design atop a 80 foot

guyed tower.

Hut contains generators,

rechargeable battery,

connections to AC grid

Hut Design

Embodiment of the Design

Our cell tower requires a constant load of 1200W. Whether it comes from the alternative energy source,

battery, or emergency generator it needs at least 1200W of power.

Pt≥1200W

We have a wind/solar device for our power source. They work in combination, so power from wind+ power

from the sun= total power.Pw+Ps=Pt

6.1 Final Design Analysis

The equation for wind energy in terms of area is:Pw= (.5)*(swept area)*(air density)*(wind velocity)^3

Our arrangement for the wind part of our device is a half circle so:Swept area= (πr^2)/2

In the city of Mombasa, KE (the city that our tower is going on the outskirts of) the average wind velocity is around 9.94m/s. The

elevation of Mombasa is around sea level so the approximate air density is 1.23kg/m^3.

Air density=1.23 wind velocity=9.94

Therefore,Pw=(.5)*(( πr^2)/2)*(1.23)*(9.94)^3

Pw=948.755r^2watts

Embodiment of the Design6.2 Final Design Analysis

The average area for a 100W solar panel is 0.6553m^2. Therefore, a circular 100W solar panel has a radius of

r=0.4568m. By plugging this r into the above wind energy equation we get that for every 100W of solar one can get

198W of wind. Now by using a simple proportion we can get the minimum quantity for r that will supply 1200W of power.

.6553m^2/298W=A/1200WA=2.638m^2

A=πr^2r=.9167m

6.3 Final Design Analysis

Feasibility Analysis

Wind energy can be working all the time, but solar can only run while the sun is out (about 5 hours per day) If the whole component was run by wind we get that the r would have to equal at least 1.125m based on the above equation with the average wind velocity. Therefore, we as a group feel that our design should be efficient at 1m, since at 1m it would store up enough extra energy to make it through the night.

By combining wind and solar, we limit the need for using the emergency backup generator and limit the dependence on fossil fuels with our new green technology.

Our design is mostly initial cost. It does not require expensive fuel and the maintenance cost should be low too. We do however recommend a cleaning once every couple years of as need incase bats run into the blades or if something builds up on the solar panel, because this would interfere with its maximum output.

6.4 Final Design Analysis

Conclusion

References

• www.google.com/patents• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya• http://www.steelintheair.com/Cell-Phone-Tower.html• GE Project Statement (.pdf)• SolidWorks 2010