CELLSCELLS The smallest organized form of living The smallest organized form of living

protoplasmprotoplasm Protoplasm: Living matter within a cellProtoplasm: Living matter within a cell

Can be one simple organismCan be one simple organism AmoebaAmoeba

Millions of cells can make up an organ and Millions of cells can make up an organ and have a specific job. This would create a have a specific job. This would create a complex organismcomplex organism

http://www.microscopeforums.com/f13/all-about-amoeba-132.html

http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/images18/HorseJackField.JPGhttp://danny.oz.au/travel/iceland/flora.htmlhttp://dimdima.com/ecology/ecology_common/show_ecology.asp?q_cat=Plants&q_aid=69&q_title=Pitcher%20Plant

2 Main Types of 2 Main Types of CELLSCELLS

Eukaryotic: Cells with a NUCLEUSEukaryotic: Cells with a NUCLEUS Plant, Animal, Fungi, & Most ProtistsPlant, Animal, Fungi, & Most Protists

Prokaryotic: Cells WITHOUT a NucleusProkaryotic: Cells WITHOUT a Nucleus Bacteria & ArchaeaBacteria & Archaea

CELL CELL MEMBRANEMEMBRANESeparates cell from its Separates cell from its

environmentenvironmentControls substances passing Controls substances passing in and out of cell (analogy: in and out of cell (analogy: like a window screen)like a window screen)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal CellsAnimal Cells

NUCLEUSNUCLEUS ““Command Central” of the cellCommand Central” of the cell Contains chromosomes Contains chromosomes

(analogy:(analogy:

like a brain)like a brain)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal CellsAnimal Cells

CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES Structures that contain DNAStructures that contain DNA DNA is instructions for the DNA is instructions for the

cell’s activities (analogy: like a cell’s activities (analogy: like a recipe)recipe)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal Animal CellsCells

http://www.le.ac.uk/ge/genie/vgec/sc/cellcycle.html

NUCLEAR NUCLEAR ENVELOPEENVELOPE Membrane that surrounds the Membrane that surrounds the

nucleusnucleus Lets materials in and out Lets materials in and out

(analogy: (analogy:

like a skull)like a skull)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal CellsAnimal Cells

http://kconline.kaskaskia.edu/bcambron/Biology%20117/Cells.htm

CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM Jelly-like substance that fills Jelly-like substance that fills

the cellthe cell

(analogy: like “packing (analogy: like “packing peanuts”)peanuts”)

FOUND FOUND IN:IN:

Plant Plant CellsCells

Animal Animal CellsCells

MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA Breaks down food into energy Breaks down food into energy

to be used by the cellto be used by the cell

(analogy: powerhouse of the (analogy: powerhouse of the cell)cell)

FOUND FOUND IN:IN:

Plant Plant CellsCells

Animal Animal CellsCells

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructure/Mitochondria/Mitochondria.htm

RIBOSOMESRIBOSOMES Small structures that make Small structures that make

proteinsproteins

that the cell needsthat the cell needs Ribosomes use the info from Ribosomes use the info from

DNA to make the proteins DNA to make the proteins (analogy: factory workers)(analogy: factory workers)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal Animal CellsCells

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/biology/imgbio/ribosome.gif

ENDOPLASMIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMRETICULUM Tube-like structure that Tube-like structure that

contains ribosomescontains ribosomes ER transports proteins ER transports proteins

throughout the cell (analogy: throughout the cell (analogy: roadways or tunnels)roadways or tunnels)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal Animal CellsCells

GOLGI BODIESGOLGI BODIES Packages proteins made by Packages proteins made by

the ribosomes to be sent out the ribosomes to be sent out of the cell of the cell

(analogy: the mailroom workers (analogy: the mailroom workers in a factory)in a factory)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal Animal CellsCells

LYSOSOMESLYSOSOMES Helps cell digest proteins and Helps cell digest proteins and

old cell parts - they basically old cell parts - they basically clean up the cellclean up the cell

(analogy: custodians)(analogy: custodians)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal Animal CellsCells

VACUOLESVACUOLES

Storage areas in cell for water, Storage areas in cell for water, food and waste (analogy: water food and waste (analogy: water tank or refrigerator)tank or refrigerator)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant Cells (ONE BIG Plant Cells (ONE BIG

VACUOLE)VACUOLE)Animal Cells (MANY SMALL Animal Cells (MANY SMALL

ONES)ONES)

CELL WALLCELL WALL Rigid outer layer made of Rigid outer layer made of

cellulosecellulose Supports and protects plant Supports and protects plant

cells (analogy: wall cells (analogy: wall surrounding a castle) surrounding a castle)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

PLASTIDSPLASTIDS Contain pigments that give Contain pigments that give

plants their color (analogy: plants their color (analogy: human skin tones)human skin tones)

FOUND IN:FOUND IN:Plant CellsPlant Cells

CHLOROPLASTSCHLOROPLASTS Plant cell structures that Plant cell structures that

contain the pigment contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL (green CHLOROPHYLL (green pigment)pigment)

Chlorophyll traps energy from Chlorophyll traps energy from the sun for photosynthesis the sun for photosynthesis (analogy: solar panels)(analogy: solar panels)

FOUND FOUND IN:IN:

Plant Plant CellsCells

http://allyncali16.tripod.com/id1.html

Cell Pictures can be found on the Cell Pictures can be found on the Cells Alive WebsiteCells Alive Website http://www.cellsalive.com/http://www.cellsalive.com/

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