Cells and all that JazzH. Smith

Cell Theory: 3 parts

• Cells are the basic unit of life.• All living things are made of cells.• All cells come from pre-existing cells

Organelles

• “organs” of the cell• Have special functions within cell

Nucleus

• Control Center• Contains DNA• All eukaryotic cells have one

Nucleolus

• Center of nucleus• Creates Ribosomes

Nuclear envelope

• Surrounds nucleus, controls movement in and out of nucleus

Nuclear Pore

• Holes in nuclear envelope, allows things to enter and leave nucleus

Mitochondria• “Powerhouse” of cell• Produces energy (ATP)• Membrane bound• Has own DNA

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

• Transports molecules• Detoxification• Makes lipids

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

• Protein alterations• Transport of molecules• Rough=has ribosomes attached

Ribosomes

• Protein factories• Create proteins• Free or attached to roughER

Golgi Apparatus

• Packaging of proteins, lipids, and carbs• Post office of cell

Vacuole

• Storage • Very large in plant (stores water)

Lysosome

• Recycling center• Contains enzymes for digestion • Reuse old cell parts

Vesicle

• Taxi cab• Transports molecules to and from cell

membrane

Chloroplast

• PLANTS ONLY• Site of Photosynthesis• Contain chlorophyll pigment (green)

Cell Membrane

• Surrounds cell• Barrier, controls what moves in/out of cell• Made of aPhospholipid bilayer• Semi-permeable

Cell Wall

• PLANT ONLY• Surrounds cell (outside membrane)• Protection

Cytoplasm

• Gel inside cell• Surrounds organelles• Cytosol: fluid portion of cytoplasm

Centrioles

• ONLY ANIMAL• “midwives”• Assist in cell division

Chromatin

• Condensed DNA• Found in nucleus

Microtubule

• Protein tubes, make up cytoskeleton of cell• Support• Thick

Microfilaments

• Thin• Make up cytoskeleton• Flexible, allow cells to move

Cilia

• Small hairs for movement• Animal only

Flagella

• Tail-like structure• Movement• Animal only