Date post: | 21-Dec-2015 |
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Protecting borders to the outside world
Challenges1) Discrimination between self and non-self
– bacteria– fungi– vira– parasites– (transplants)
2) Evolution
3) Dealing with non-pathogenic factors
Second line of defense: Humoral factors
Humor = liquid (From greek, 4 humors controlling health and mood: blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile)
Antibodies – specific pathogen recognition
Complement system – non-specific recognition
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) – bactericidal activity
Haematopoieisis
Adaptive/SpecificInnate/Non-specific
Leukocytes/White blood cells
Red blood cells
Lymphocytes
Characteristics of the two parts
T cellsB cells
AntibodiesMemory
MHC - HLADiversitySomatic
hypermutationPolymorphism
Granulocytes Monocytes
MacrophagesDendritic cells
NK cellsNK T cells
ComplementPattern recognition
Adaptive/Specific Innate/Non-specific
Characteristics of the two parts
T cellsB cells APCAntibodiesMemory
MHC - HLADiversitySomatic
hypermutationPolymorphism
Granulocytes APCMonocytes APC
Macrophages APCDendritic cells APC
NK cellsNK T cells
ComplementPattern recognition
Adaptive/Specific Innate/Non-specific
T cells
Helps:B-cellsT cells
Macrophages
Kills:Infected cellsTumour cells
Recognizes MHC II on APC
Recognizes MHC I on all cells
Antigen presentation
3. Signal
Cytokines ↔ Cytokine receptors
Activation + Proliferation + Help or Killing