Cells

http://www.medgadget.com/archives/img/76546bac.jpg

2 Types of Cells•Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria and Archaea

•Small

•No nucleus

•Lack membrane bound organelles

•Eukaryotic Cells: Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists

•Larger, More complex

•Have a nucleus

•Have membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro_files/cell.jpe

Animal Cellhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg

Plant Cell

Cell MembranePhospholipid Bilayer: - Hydrophilic (water loving) heads face outside cell- Hydrophobic (water hating) tails face inside

Fluid Mosaic Model: Phospholipids and proteins are able to move freely passed one another.

http://illnessesanimalsplants.wikispaces.com/file/view/cell_membrane.jpg/31839765/cell_membrane.jpg

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plasmamembrane/images/plasmamembranefigure1.jpg

Selective Permeability

- Some substances are able to pass through the membrane more easily than others.

- Some substances are not able to pass through at all.

- Transport proteins: Allow certain substances into and out of the cell. (ex. Glucose)

http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/memb/c8.7x17.transport.jpg

Passive Transport: Require no energy

- DIFFUSION: Movement across the membrane from high concentration to low concentration

- FACILITATED DIFFUSION: Movement from high concentration to low concentration through a protein

http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/memb/c8.7x17.transport.jpg

Active Transport: Requires energy

- Uses a membrane protein and energy (ATP)

Check Point•1. Describe the differences (3)

between a Prokaryotic cell and a Eukaryotic cell

•2. What organisms are classified as prokaryotic? As Eukaryotic?

•3. How do phospholipids tend to organize into a bilayer in an aqueous solution?

•4. Explain how each word in the term Fluid Mosaic Model describes the structure of the membrane

OrganellesNucleus: Storage place for genetic material (DNA)Nuclear Envelope: Membrane surrounding the nucleus.- Has pores that lets things enter and leave the nucleus

Nucleolus: Produces the parts that make up ribosomes

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/images/cellnucleus.jpg

OrganellesRibosomes: Site of protein synthesis

- Located in the cytoplasm(Can be found floating in cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic

reticulum)

http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/staff/dave/roanoke/fig13_36.jpg

OrganellesEndoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes. Transport proteins

produced by these ribosomes to cell membrane . These proteins are either part of the membrane

or leave the cell.

Smooth ER: - Synthesize lipids (such as steroid

hormones) - Detoxification of

drugs and poisons

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/endoplasmicreticulum/images/endoplasmicreticulumfigure1.jpg

http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/er.gif

OrganellesGolgi Apparatus: - Receives products from the ER. - The products are modified and leave the Golgi in vesicles. - They are sent to their final destination either inside the cell or to the membrane to leave the cell.

http://www.glogster.com/media/4/20/22/30/20223030.jpg

OrganellesLysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes that digest proteins, carbs, fats, and nucleic acids- digest food that enters the cell and releases nutrients- destroy harmful bacteria (White Blood Cells)-recycle damaged organelles

http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01942/plcells/thinkquest/lysosomes.jpg

OrganellesVacuoles: 2 types 1. Contractile Vacuole: Found in some single celled organisms. They pump excess water out of the cell.

2. Central Vacuole: Stores nutrients such as proteins. Much larger in plants than in animals

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/contractile_vacuole.gif

http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/eukaryotic%20cell/cytoplasm_and_its_associated_str_files/image017.jpg

Central Vacuole

Contractile Vacuoles

Check Point•1.What is the function of the

ribosome?

•2.What makes the rough ER rough?

•3.What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the ER in a protein-secreting cell?

•4.What do you think would happen if a lysosome were to break open within a cell? Explain.

OrganellesChloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plants and some protist- PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Conversion of light energy from the sun to chemical energy of sugar- Not found in animal cells. Why?

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/chloroplasts/images/chloroplastsfigure1.jpg

http://legacy.lclark.edu/~seavey/plant%20cell72-1.jpg

OrganellesMitochondria: Site of cellular respiration- CELLULAR RESPIRATION: The process of obtaining energy from food

ATP = NRG (energy)

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/images/mitochondriafigure1.jpg

http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01942/plcells/thinkquest/mitochrondria.jpg

Cell WallFound in PLANTS and some Protists as well as bacteria

1. Protects cell2. Maintains shape of the cell3. Keeps cell from absorbing too much water

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg

Cytoskeleton: 1. Mechanical support for the cell and allows cell to maintain its shape2. Anchorage and reinforcement for many organelles via microtubules -Microtubules also involved in cell division3. Flexible and dynamic

http://teachernotes.paramus.k12.nj.us/Nolan/2005-2006/index.2.jpg

Cytoplasm: Jelly like substance that

fills cells

PLANT v. ANIMAL CELLS

Animals Plants

-No cell wall-No chloroplasts-Have centrioles (for cell division)-Smaller vacuoles

-Have cell walls-Have chloroplasts-No centrioles-VERY large central vacuole

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro_files/cell.jpe

Animal Cellhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/

cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg

Plant Cell