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Cells:
Plant vs. Animal Eukaryote vs. Prokaryote
Honors Biology
Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells
▪ We can group all life on Earth into three major groups (Called Domains)
▪ Two groups: Prokaryotic (Domains “Archaea” and “Bacteria”)
and Eukaryotic (Domain Eukaryota)
▪ What do these words mean? (Greek prefix/suffixes)
▪ Prokaryotic: “Pro” meaning before and “karyotic” which means nucleus
▪ Eukaryotic: “Eu” meaning true/genuine and “karyotic” referring to the nucleus.
What do these things look like?
▪ Prokaryotes:
▪ Eukaryotes:
▪
Prokaryotic Cells
▪ Prokaryotic organisms are thought to have been the first living things on Earth.
▪ Prokaryotic organisms can be divided into two subgroups (domains).
▪ Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria
▪ (Prokaryote)
▪ No enclosed nucleus!
▪ No membrane-bound organelles!
▪ Very simple structure
▪ May move by use of flagellum (whip like structure) or pili (tiny hair-like projections)
Archaea
▪ (Prokaryote)
▪ Organism very similar to bacteria (yet more related to eukaryotes…fun fact)!
▪ These prokaryotes can live in very extreme conditions!▪ (This property makes them unique and not bacteria.)
▪ Habitat: Hot springs, ocean floor, volcanic vents….
Eukaryotic Cells
▪ Complex cells with organelles
▪ DNA is enclosed within a nucleus!
▪ Plants and animals have eukaryotic cells
Crash Course: Organelles
▪ Organelles: are a specialized structures found within cells that have a specific function.
▪ (Organelles: basically tiny organs of cells.)
▪ Key Concept: Are organelles themselves considered alive?
Crash Course: Organelles
▪ Nucleus (“control center”): contains DNA which commands how the cell operates.
▪ Ribosome: produces protein which are used throughout the cell and our whole body.▪ (More on proteins later in our school year)
Crash Course: Organelles ▪ Chloroplast: seen in plant cells. Uses
sunlight to produce food for plants.
▪ Golgi body (apparatus): packages proteins for distribution around the cell (or for leaving the cell)
▪ Lysosome: sacs of digestive enzymes used to digest old organelles/ cell waste
▪ Endoplasmic reticulum: Smooth ER- synthesizes lipids Rough ER: (covered in ribosomes) synthesizes proteins
▪ Cell membrane: used for protection and allows things to enter and leave the cell (called selective permeability)
▪ Mitochondria: in both plant/animal cells. Uses sugar to produce energy for the cell.
Eukaryotes: Plant Vs. Animal
▪ Plant cells:
▪ Animal Cells:
Eukaryotes: Plant Vs. Animal
▪ (DIFFERENCES)
▪ Plant cells: Have chloroplasts, large central vacuole, ridged shape, and cell walls
▪ Animal cells: round/irregular shape, small vacuoles, no cell wall, no chloroplast
Eukaryotes: Plant Vs. Animal
▪ (Similarities)
▪ Both have the features of being a eukaryote.
▪ Both contain cell membranes and mitochondria.
▪ Key Concept: Do animal cells have a cell wall?
Review of Cells
▪ To fully understand and master this section of Biology see if you know the answers to these questions.
▪ 1. What living things are Eukaryotic organisms?
▪ 2. What living things are Prokaryotic?
▪ 3. How are Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes different?
▪ 4. How do plant and animal cells differ?