CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
Subject Code: (A70434) Regulations : R16 JNTUH
Class :IV Year B.Tech ECE I Semester
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 68
CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (A70434)
COURSE PLANNER
I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
This Course is to expose the students to the most recent technological developments
in Mobile communication systems.. The Course considers the basic concepts of cellular
system. Following this, various propagation effects and propagation models used in mobile
communication are included in the course. This course deals with various methodologies to
improve the received signal quality in mobile communication. The Course provides various
multiple access techniques and Standards in Cellular mobile Communication
II PREREQUISITE:
• Wireless Networks, Computer Communication and Networks
III. COURSE OBJECTIVE:
1 Understand basic concepts of cellular Communication Systems
2 Understand different modulation techniques and demodulation.
3 Acquire theoretical knowledge of elements in cellular Communication.
Understand concepts of cell site transmission.
IV. COURSE OUTCOME:
S.No. Description Bloom‘s Taxonomy Level
1 Understand basics of cellular Communications and
model of communication.
Knowledge,
Understand(Level1,
Level2)
2 Understand concepts of cell sites and its types. Understand , Apply (Level
2, Level 3)
3 Understand and signal waveform coding techniques. Apply (Level 3)
4 Understand the concepts of Transmission and
Reception and analyze problems
Apply, Analyze (Level 3,
Level 4)
5 Explain different coding techniques and understand
concept of Noise.
Apply (Level 3)
6 Understand the concepts of transmissions Apply (Level 3)
7 Analyze different Modulation Techniques. Apply (Level 3)
V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 69
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency
assessed by
PO1
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems related to Electronics &
Communication and Engineering.
3 Lectures and problem solving
PO2
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems related
to Electronics & Communication Engineering and reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3
Design
Exercises, Assignments
PO3
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems related to Electronics &
Communication Engineering and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
2
Lectures,
Assignments, Exams
PO4
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including
design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
3
Lectures,
Assignments, Exams
PO5
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools
including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
3 Lectures and Design
Exercises
PO6
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the Electronics & Communication Engineering
professional engineering practice.
3 Lectures, Assignments, Exams
PO7
Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the Electronics & Communication Engineering professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
3
Lectures,
Assignments, Exams
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering
practice.
- -
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and
in multidisciplinary settings.
2 Group
discussions
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and
with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
3 Document
Preparation and
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 70
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
Presentation
PO11
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one‘s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
3
Discussions Exams,
Seminars
PO12
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
3 Development of Mini Projects
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
Program Specific Outcomes Level Proficiency
assessed by
PSO 1
Professional Skills: An ability to understand the basic concepts in Electronics & Communication Engineering and
to apply them to various areas, like Electronics, Communications, Signal processing, VLSI, Embedded
systems etc., in the design and implementation of complex systems.
1
Lectures, Assignments
PSO 2
Problem-Solving Skills: An ability to solve complex
Electronics and communication Engineering problems, using latest hardware and software tools, along with analytical skills to arrive cost effective and appropriate solutions.
2
Tutorials
PSO 3
Successful Career and Entrepreneurship: An understanding of social-awareness & environmental-wisdom along with ethical responsibility to have a successful career
and to sustain passion and zeal for real-world applications using optimal resources as an Entrepreneur.
3
Seminars, Projects
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
VII. SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS: Limitations of
conventional mobile telephone systems, Basic Cellular Mobile Systems, First, second, third and fourth generation cellular wireless systems, Uniqueness of mobile radio environment-
Long term fading- Factors influencing short term fading, Parameters of mobile multipath
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 71
fading-Time dispersion parameters, Coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread and coherence time, Types of small scale fading.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN:
Concept Of frequency reuse, Co-channel interference, Co-channel Interference reduction factor, Desired C/I from a normal case in a Omni directional antenna system, system
capacity, Trunking and grade of service, Improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems- Cell splitting, Sectoring, Microcell zone concept.
UNIT II:
CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE: Measurement of real time Co-channel interference, Design of antenna system, Antenna parameters and their effects, Diversity t Explain the
trunking efficiency? Techniques-Space diversity, Polarization diversity, Frequency diversity, Time Diversity.
NON-CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
Adjacent channel interference, Near end far end interference, Cross talk, Effects on coverage and interference by power decrease, antenna height decrease, Effects of cell site components,
UHF TV interference. UNIT III:
CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC: Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, Effect of human made structures, Phase difference between direct and reflected paths, Constant standard deviation, Straight line path loss slope, General formula for mobile
propagation over water and flat open area. Near and long distance propagation, Path loss from a point to point prediction model in different conditions, Merits of Lee model.
CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS: Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis, Coverage-Omni directional antennas, Interference reduction- directional antennas for interference reduction, Space diversity antennas, Umbrella pattern antennas, and minimum
separation of cell site antennas, mobile antennas. UNIT IV:
FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT: Numbering and grouping, Setup access and Paging channels, Channel assignments to cell sites and mobile units, Channel sharing and Borrowing, Sectorization, Overlaid cells, Non fixed channel
assignment. UNIT V:
HAND OFFS AND DROPPED CALLS: Handoff initiation, Types of handoff, Delaying handoff, Advantages of handoff, Power difference handoff, Forced handoff, Mobile assisted and soft handoff. Intersystem handoff, Introduction to dropped call rates and their evaluation.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
TEXT BOOKS:
• Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, Mc Graw Hill, 2rd Edn.,
1989.
• Wireless Communications - Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education, 2rd
Edn., 2002.
REFERENCES:
• Principles of Mobile Communications – Gordon L. Stuber, Springer International,
• 2nd Edition,2001.
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 72
• Modern Wireless Communications – Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, Pearson
education,2005.
• Wireless Communications theory and techniques, Asrar U. H. Sheikh, Springer, 2004
• Wireless Communications and Networking, Vijay Gargm Elsevier Publications, 2007.
• Wireless Communications – Andrea Goldsmith, Cambridge University Press, 2005
NPTEL Web Course:
nptel.ac.in/courses/117102062/4/
NPTEL Video Course:
nptel.ac.in/courses/106106167/ GATE SYLLABUS: Not Applicable
IES SYLLABUS: Not Applicable
.
VIII. COURSE PLAN (WEEK -WISE):
Session Week Unit Topics CourseLearningoutcomes Reference
1 Introduction to unit I Define cellular sytem,
T1, R1
2
Limitations of
conventional mobile telephone systems
Know about Telephone
systems T1, R1
Gathering Knowledge
3 Basic cellular System about T1, R1
1
signals
Gathering Knowledge
4
Operation of Cellular
System about T1, R1
Basic signals amd propagation
Gathering Knowledge
5
First,Second,Third and
Fourth Generation Cellular Systems
about
T1, R1
Generations of cellular
systems
1
Know about the
6
Uniqueness of mobile
radio environment- Fading Fading T1, R1
7
Fading –Time
dispersion Parameters
Understanding time
dispersion parameters
T1, R1
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 73
2
8
Coherence bandwidth,
Doppler spread and Coherence time T1, R1
9
Doppler spread and
Coherence time Compose the T1, R1
Knowledge about the
Concept Of frequency reuse
10 Doppler spread and
coherence time T1, R1
11 Co-channel Interference
and System Capacity T1,
R1
12
Desired C/I from a normal case in a Omni
directional antenna system
Synthesis frequency
reuse T1,
R1
13
Trunking and grade of
service Cell splitting
Sectoring
T1,
R1
3
Microcell zone concept
14
Measurement of real
time Co channel interference
T1,
R1
15
Design of antenna
system T1,
Analyze antenna system R1
16
2
Antenna parameters T1,
R1
17
Antenna parameters
effects
T1,
R1
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 74
18
Diversity techniques-Space diversity Polarization diversity
T1,
R1
4
Compose the
T1,
19
Frequency diversity
Time Diversity
Antenna parameters
R1
T1,
20
Introduction to
Interference
R1
Session Week Unit Topics
Course Learning
outcomes Reference
21
Adjacent channel
interference
Understanding
Adjacent channel
interference T1,T2
,R1
Near end far end interference
Understanding Near
end far end interference T1,T2
23 Cross talk T1,T2
5
,R1
Compose Cross talk
24
Effects of coverage and
interference by Antenna height decrease
:
T1,T2
(a) Antenna height decrease
,R1
(b) cell site
components
25
Effects on cell site
components T1,T2, R1
(c) Signal reflections
in flat and hilly
terrain
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 75
26 Signal reflections in flat
and hilly terrain T1,T2
,R1
27 Effect of human made
structures
Compose Constant
standard deviation
T1,T2
,R1
T1,T2
28
6
Phase difference between direct and reflected paths
,R1
T1,T2
29 Constant standard deviation
,R1
30
3
Straight line path loss slope
T1,T2
R1
31
3
General formula for mobile
propagation over water and flat open area T1,T2
R1
32
Near and long distance propagation
Gathering Near and long distance
propagation T2,T3
R1
33 7
Path loss from a point to
point prediction model in different conditions
Analyze Merits of Lee model.
T2,T3
R1
34
Merits of Lee model.
Analyze first-order,
second-order T2,T3
and strict stationarity R1
35
Cell Site and Mobile
Antennas
Analyze Cell Site
and Mobile Antennas T2,T3
R1
36
4 Space diversity antennas Analyze Space diversity antennas
T2,T3 R1
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 76
37
Umbrella pattern antennas Gathering
Knowledge about T2,T3
R1
Umbrella pattern
antennas
38
8 Minimum separation of cell
site antennas
T2,T3
R1
39
Mean and Mean-squared Value of System Response, Gathering
Knowledge about the
T2,T3
autocorrelation Function of Response R1
Minimum separation
of cell site antennas
T2,T3
40
Mobile antennas
R1
Session Week Unit Topics CourseLearningoutcomes Reference
41
Introduction to Frequency
Management T2,T3,
Numbering and grouping
channels
Gathering Knowledge about the Channel Borrowing,
Sectorization R1
42
Setup access T2,T3,
Paging channels
R1
43 9 Channel Borrowing,
Sectorization,
Compose the Knowledge
about Setup access
T2,T3,
R1
44
Overlaid cells Non fixed channel assignment
T2,T3,
R1
45
5
Handoff initiation, Types
of handoff
T2,T3,
R1
46
Delaying handoff Advantages of handoff T2,T3,
R1
Delaying handoff
47
Mobile assisted and soft handoff
Forced handoff
T2,T3,
R1
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 77
10
Delaying handoff Advantages of handoff
T2,T3,
48
Intersystem handoff
R1
49
Introduction to dropped
call rates and their evaluation
T2,T3,
R1
IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Course
Outcomes
Program Outcomes Program Specific
Outcomes
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
CO2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 - 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
CO3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 - 3 3 3 3 1 3 3
CO4 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 - 2 2 2 2 1 2 2
CO5 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 - 2 2 2 2 3 1 2
CO6 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 - 3 3 3 3 1 3 3
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
X. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO-PO MAPPING
Mapping Low (1)/
Medium (2)/
High (3)
Justification
CO1-PO1 2 Discuss about conventional mobile telephone systems
CO1-PO2 2 Describe about Basic Cellular Mobile Systems
CO1-PO3 2 Describe about Basic Cellular Mobile Systems
CO1-PO4 2 Classify cellular wireless systems
CO1-PO5 3 Classify cellular wireless systems
CO1-PO6 2 Describe about major applications area
CO1-PO7 2 Analysis of Uniqueness of mobile radio environment
CO1-PO9 2 Analysis of Uniqueness of mobile radio environment .
CO1-PO10 2 Explain the fading
CO1-PO11 2 Explain the Factors influencing short term fading
CO1-PO12 2 Explain theParameters of mobile multipath fading
CO1-PSO1 1 Explain the dispersion parameters
CO1-PSO2 2 Explain the dispersion parameters
CO1-PSO3 2 Describe about Coherence bandwidth
CO2-PO1 3 Describe about Coherence bandwidth
CO2-PO2 3 Analysis of Concept Of frequency reuse
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 78
CO2-PO3 2 Analysis of Co-channel interference
CO2-PO4 2 Co-channel Interference reduction factor
CO2-PO5 2 Define the system capacity
CO2-PO6 3 Explain the Trunking
CO2-PO7 3 Explain the grade of service
CO2-PO9 2 Explain the Improving coverage
CO2-PO10 2 Explain the capacity in cellular systems
CO2-PO11 2 Describe about Cell splitting
CO2-PO12 2 Explain about Sectoring
CO2-PSO1 1 Explain about Microcell zone concept
CO2-PSO2 2 Explain the Measurement of real time Co-channel interference
CO2-PSO3 2 Explain the Antenna parameters
CO3-PO1 2 Explain the Diversity techniques
CO3-PO2 2 Analysis of trunking efficency
CO3-PO3 3 Analysis of trunking efficency
CO3-PO4 2 Techniques-Space diversity
CO3-PO5 2 Techniques-Space diversity
CO3-PO6 3 Different types Adjacent channel interference
CO3-PO7 3 Explain about Near end far end interference
CO3-PO9 3 Explain about Cross talk
CO3-PO10 3 Describe the interference by power decrease
CO3-PO11 3 Describe the antenna height decrease
CO3-PO12 3 Analysis of Effects of cell site components
CO3-PSO1 1 Discuss UHF TV interference.
CO3-PSO2 3 Discuss UHF TV interference.
CO3-PSO3 3 Discuss Signal reflections in flat
CO4-PO1 2 Explain the Effect of human made structures
CO4-PO2 2 Explain the Phase difference between direct and reflected
paths
CO4-PO3 2 Explain the Phase difference between direct and reflected
paths
CO4-PO4 3 Describe about Straight line path loss slope
CO4-PO5 3 Describe about Straight line path loss slope
CO4-PO6 3 Analysis of Near and long distance propagation
CO4-PO7 2 Discuss Merits of Lee model
CO4-PO9 2 Explain theSum and difference patterns
CO4-PO10 2 Explain the Coverage-Omni directional antennas
CO4-PO11 2 Explain theInterference reduction.
CO4-PO12 2 Explain the Space diversity antennas
CO4-PSO1 1 Describe Umbrella pattern antennas
CO4-PSO2 2 Explain about mobile antennas
CO4-PSO3 2 Explain about mobile antennas
CO5-PO1 3 Explain the Setup access
CO5-PO2 3 Explain theSetup access
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 79
CO5-PO3 3 Explain the Paging channels
CO5-PO4 3 Analysis of Channel assignments
CO5-PO5 2 Analysis of Channel assignments
CO5-PO6 2 Channel sharing
CO5-PO7 3 Channel sharing
CO5-PO9 2 Applying Borrowing
CO5-PO10 2 Explain the Sectorization
CO5-PO11 2 Different types Overlaid cells
CO5-PO12 2 Different types of Non fixed channel assignment
CO5-PSO1 3 Explain about Handoff initiation
CO5-PSO2 1 Explain about Types of handoff
CO5-PSO3 2 Describe the Types of handoff
CO6-PO1 3 Describe the Advantages of handoff
CO6-PO2 3 Analysis of Advantages of handoff, Power difference handoff
CO6-PO3 3 Discuss Forced handoff
CO6-PO4 3 Discuss Forced handoff
CO6-PO5 3 Discuss Mobile assisted
CO6-PO6 2 Explain Mobile assisted.
CO6-PO7 2 Explain the soft handoff.
CO6-PO9 3 Explain soft handoff. ,Applications
CO6-PO10 3 Discuss Intersystem handoff
CO6-PO11 3 Explain Intersystem handoff issues
CO6-PO12 3 Explain the Introduction to dropped call rates techniques
CO6-PSO1 1 Explain the Introduction to dropped call rates techniques
CO6-PSO2 3 Applications of the dropped call rates
CO6-PSO3 3 Analysis concepts of how to choose an cellular system
XI. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH) UNIT I
Long Answer Questions-
S. No Question
Blooms Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1 Draw the schematic and explain the working of a cellular system Understand 1
2
Explain in detail about different
parameters of mobile multipath fading Understand 1
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 80
.
3
Present the model of the mobile
transmission medium and the fading
characteristics
. Understand 1
4
Explain how co channel interference is
measured in real time mobile transceivers
Understand 1
5
Briefly explain the evaluation of the cellular
mobile systems Apply 1
6
Discuss the trucking and Grade of
Service
Evaluate 1
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1 Define Handoff. Knowledge 1
2
Explain about Delay Spread in mobile
communication Understand 1
3
Discuss Coherece time and Coherence
Bandwidth Understand 1
4 Define Frequency Reuse Distance Knowledge 1
5 Define Fading and Cochannel Interference Knowledge 1
6 Explain about fading Understand 1
7 Discuss about signal bandwidth Understand 1
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 81
UNIT II Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1
Discuss in detail the various techniques to measure co-channel
interference, prove that real-time co-channel interference measurement is difficult to achieve in practice Understand 2
2
Exolain different effects of cellsite components
Understand 2
3 Discuss Polarization & frequency diversity schemes Understand 2
4 Explain Co-Channel interference which effects at a cochannel cell site. Understand 2
5
Write notes on power control and
diversity receiver Apply 2
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1 Define Cross talk in mobile communication Knowledge 2
2 List diversity technique Knowledge 2
3 Define time diversity technique Knowledge 2
4
Discuss Near End Far End
Interference Understanding 2
5 Explain about Adjacent Co Channel Understanding 2
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 82
Interference.
UNIT III
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
Determine the phase difference
between direct path and reflected path?
Explain mobile propagation through
obstructive path?
2
Discuss in detail point-to-point path
loss prediction model. Discuss the factors that effect the accuracy of
prediction
Understand 3
3 Write the general formula of Lee model and explain the remarks Understand 3
4
Explain ground incident angle, elevation angle, ground reflection and reflection point with respect to signal
coverage Understand 3
5 What are the advantages of using
umbrella pattern antennas at cell site Understand 3 Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1 Give the merits of Lee Model
Knowledge 3
2
What are the different antennas are
used at the cell site and mobile unit Knowledge 3
3
Write short notes on Minimum
separation of Cell Site Antennas Apply 3
4 Explain about Near and Long Understand 3
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 83
Distance Propagation
5
Explain about Space Diversity
Antennas Apply 3
UNIT IV Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1
What are the different techniques for
increasing frequency spectrum. Understand 4
2
Differentiate between the Access
channel and Paging channel Understand 4
3
Explain how the setup channels are
classified Analyze
4
4
Explain how channel sharing and borrowing increases the trucking
efficiency of channels Apply 4
5
Why the co channel interference is avoided easily in Sectorization than in
cell splitting Evaluate
4
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1 . Explain about Setup Channels Knowledge 4 2 Explain about Paging Channels Understand 4
3
Explain about Overlaid Cells Concept
Understand 4
4
Explain how the voice channels are classified Understand
4
How the voice channels are divided into groups
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 84
5 Knowledge 4
UNIT V Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1
What are the different types of Handoff? Explain how to implement
them? Why are they used? Apply 5
2
Define a dropped call rate and explain
how it differ from blocked call Apply 5
What is the relation between capacity 3 voice quality and dropped call rate Create 5
4
• Write the general formula for call
dropped rate and mention the
specific conditions for the
interference limited system. Prove
that the call dropped rate is totally
depends on the interference.
Create 5
5
Explain about Power Difference Handoff
Understand 5
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Course
Level Outcome
1 Explain how a handoff is initiated Knowledge 5
2
Why a Handoff is delayed? What are
the advantages of it Understand 5
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 85
3
Define Handoff Process
Knowledge 5
4 Define Dropped Call Rate Understand 5
5 Explain about Intersystem Handoff
Knowledge 5
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT I
• Which of the following are limitations of conventional mobile telephone systems [ ]
• Limited service capability B) Inefficient spectrum utilization C) Poor service
performance D) All
• Coherence bandwidth suitable for AM system is _________ [ ]
• 1/π∆ B) 1/2 C) 1/3π∆ D) 1/4π∆ 3. To increase the bandwidth saving in cellular
communication the concept of ________is made use of. [ ]
• Frequency reuse B) Cell splitting C) Hand off D) Cell sectorization
• The factors that influences small scale fading are [ ]
• Multi path propagation B) Speed of mobile C) Speed of surrounding objects D) All
• When the terrain contour blocks the direct wave path, we call it as_____________
• Third generation (3G) standards include _____________ and ___________
• The trunking deals with accommodation of larger number of mobile users in
minimum________
• The main goal of Cell splitting is to achieve efficient ____
• The angle of wave arrival incidentally pointing to the ground is known as
___________
• According to ____________law , reflection and incident angles are same.
UNIT II
• If a handoff that could not occur but if it is forced to happen then it is called as [ ]
• Soft Handoff b) Hard handoff c)Forced hand off d) none
• The method used for selecting cell site location is__________ [ ]
• Propagation prediction b) path loss c) Durkin‘s d) Knife edge
• Dynamic channel assignment is mainly done for the__________ [ ]
• Increase traffic capacity b) Decrease traffic intensity c) Increase gain level d) decrease
transmit power
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 86
• Refraction index decreases with height, and the rays will be curved downward is
known as following condition [ ]
• Duct propagation b) Reflection c) Diffraction d) Refraction
• The differences in area to area prediction curves are due to ___________________
• At any given radio path distance, the path loss deviation from predicted values is
_________ dB.
• In the received power expression ￥ represent______________
• General formula for received power expression at urban area is ________________
• In over laid cells, the antenna of a setup channel is _______________
• The type of channel allocation is _______________
UNIT III
• In mobile to mobile propagation, the propagation channel act as the following
Component [ ]
• Repeater b) attenuator c) Filter d) Amplifier
• The path unobstructed by terrain and manmade structure is [ ]
• Non obstructive path b) Indirect path c) Line of sight path d) None
• Which device can be used to reduce the number of transmitting antennas in mobile
communication [ ]
• Multiplexers b) Hybrid ring counter c) Attenuator d) Location antennas
• What is the difference in position between glass mounted and roof mounted antennas.
[ ]
a) 6 db b) 7 db c) 0 db d) 3 db
• A Cell in the cellular region is generally divided into ____________sectors or
___________sectors
• To get maximum efficiency of the antenna system both ends should be __________
Polarized
• The two types of fading are ________________and________________
• The feedback diversity technique is also known as ___________________
• The Crosstalk is heard at both _____________and _____________
• SINAD = ______________
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 87
• The two branch space diversity antennas can _______________in mobile
communication.
UNIT IV
• What is RECC________________ [ ]
• Reverse electrical control channel b) reverse control channel c) Reverse enable control
channel d) Retry enable call control
• All set up channels carries only__________________ [ ]
• Header information b) Data information c) address information d) Handoff information
• The angle of wave arrival at the mobile unit is called as [ ]
A) Zero angle B) Incident angle C) Ground elevation angle D) Reflected angle
• The model used to understand the path-loss phenomenon in a mobile radio
environment is [ ]
One-wave model B) Two-wave model C) Zero model D) Constant model
• The type of channel allocation is _______________
• When there is no voice channels, the cell site could send a ____________ message
using setup channels.
• The high cell site corers signal in ________________
• Expand HCA___________________
• The responsibility of the mobile staion to choose base station is known as
______________
In over laid cells, the antenna of a setup channel is _______________.
UNIT V
• The user who starts a call in one zone has to reinitiate the call when moving into a
new zone because [ ]
• Transmitted power is high B) Specific frequency is used C) The call will be dropped
D) zone is changing
• In mobile communication traffic capacity increase with [ ]
• Small cell size b) Enhanced frequency spectrum c) Increase in radio channels d) all
• The dropped call is _______________ but_________________ it is terminated
properly.
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 88
• The queuing of handoff is ________________when compared to two threshold level
handoffs.
• General formula for received power expression at urban area is ________________
• The dropped call rate and specified voice quality level are _______________
proportional.
• A Cell in the cellular region is generally divided into ____________sectors or
___________sectors
• The angle of wave arrival incidentally pointing to the ground is known as
___________
• According to ____________law , reflection and incident angles are same.
• .The differences in area to area prediction curves are due to ___________________
XII. GATE QUESTIONS: Not Applicable WEBSITES
• www.iitd.ac.in
• www.radioeng.cz
• www.iitg.ernet.in/scifac/qip/public_html/cd_cell/EC632.pdf
• www.radio-electronics.com
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network
EXPERT DETAILS:
• Prof. Ranjan Bose, IIT Delhi.
• W.C.Y. Lee Member, IEEE
• Theodore‘s. Rapport, Fellow IEEE
• Prof. Aditya K. Jagannatham, IIT Kanpur
• Prof. S.L. Maskara
JOURNALS:
• IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Wave Propagation (Impact factor 2.813)
• EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (Impact factor 0.81)
• IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (Impact factor 2.813)
• Journal of Signal Processing System (Impact factor 0.551)
SEMINAR TOPICS:
• Basic Cellular Mobile Systems, First, Second, Third and Fourth Generation
Cellular Wireless Systems
• Concept of Frequency reuse, Co-Channel Interference
• Cell Splitting, Sectoring, Microcell Zone Concept
• Design of Antenna System
IV Yr-ECE – I Sem. 89
• Diversity Techniques - Space Diversity, Polarization Diversity, Frequency
Diversity
• Non-Co-channel Interference
• Path Loss from a Point to Point Prediction
• Cell Site Antennas, Mobile Antennas
• Frequency Management and Channel Assignment
• Handoffs and Dropped Calls
SMALL PROJECTS:
• Design and development of pifa for 3-4 g mobile phones.
• Design of UWB antenna for wireless communication applications
• Design of novel patch antenna for mobile communication applications
• Design of Ina for active integrated antenna Wireless
• Wireless Message Communication Between Two Computers
• Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using GSM
• Wireless Over Temperature Alarm
• Automatic Wireless Health Monitoring System in Hospitals for Patients
• War Field Spying Robot with Night Vision Wireless Camera
• Wireless Audio Transmitter for TV
• Tampered Energy Meter Information Conveyed to Concerned Authority by Wireless
Communication
