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H2O
Energy cycle
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
sun
glucose O2CO2
plants
animals, plants
ATPThe Great Circleof Life,Mufasa!
CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2lightenergy + ++
even thoughthis equationis a bit of a lie…it makes a better story
CO2 H2OC6H12O6 O2ATPenergy+ ++
ATP
ATP is biological energy ATP + water ADP + P = energy When you break the bond you get
energy ATP = stored energy ADP = used energy
Cellular Respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
6CO2 6H2OC6H12O6 6O2ATPenergy+ ++
Glucose38 ATP produced
Cytoplasm
2 ATP needed
4 ATP produced
2 ATP produced
34 ATP produced
Oxygen required
If no oxygen is present then fermentation occurs
CO2 released
Glycolysis(occurs in cytoplasm)
Break down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules Glucose has 6 carbon Pyruvate has 3 carbon
No oxygen in required (anaerobic) Needs 2ATP to happen Generates 4ATP Net gain of 2ATP at the end of the process
After Glycolysis
If oxygen is present, pyruvate moves to mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs.
If not oxygen is present, pyruvate is used for alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation.
Cellular respiration occurs in two steps
Kreb’s cycle or citric acid cycle Produced 2ATP
Electron transport chain Produced 34 ATP
Both processes require oxygen and occur in the mitochondria
Kreb’s cycle
Pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis is used to make Carbon dioxide NADH ATP
FADH2
4 ATP are produced for immediate use for cell processes
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain to make more energy
CO2 is released from the cell
Electron transport chain
The ETC used high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
ETC is composed of a series of carrier proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Water is produced and released at the end of the ETC.
34 ATP are produced in the end
Fermentation
Two types Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation
Both processes do not require oxygen (anaerobic) and occur after glycolysis.
Alcoholic fermentation
Yeasts and a few other microorganisms use this process
CO2 bubbles that are released from this process cause bread to rise.
Also used to make beer and wine
Lactic acid fermentation
Occurs in humans and other eukaryotes Muscle cramps are caused by a build up of lactic acid
When you exercise vigorously, the large muscles run out of oxygen quickly.
Your muscles quickly produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation.
Lactic acid builds up which causes your muscles to ache.