May-2002

3 • 1 Cementing II

Section 3

Liner Cementing

Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 3-2 Liners............................................................................................................................................. 3-3

Definition........................................................................................................................... 3-3 Typical Liner Assembly .................................................................................................... 3-3

Reasons for Running Liners...................................................................................................... 3-4 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-5

Drilling Liner ..................................................................................................................... 3-5 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-6

Production Liner ............................................................................................................... 3-6 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-7

Scab or Stub Liner ............................................................................................................ 3-7 Liners Types ............................................................................................................................ 3-8

Tie-Back Liner................................................................................................................... 3-8 Liner Cementing Considerations ............................................................................................... 3-9 Liner Cementing Considerations ............................................................................................... 3-9 Liner Cementing Considerations ............................................................................................. 3-10 Liners: Three Widely Accepted Cementing Methods................................................................ 3-11 Consideration In Selecting Type Of Liner Hanger To Use ....................................................... 3-14 Mechanical-Set Liner Hanger ................................................................................................. 3-15 Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger .................................................................................................... 3-16 Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger .................................................................................................... 3-16 Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger .................................................................................................... 3-17 Liner Calculation.................................................................................................................... 3-18

Calculate seven parameters:.............................................................................................. 3-18 Example Calculation #4: .................................................................................................. 3-19 Practice Calculation #3 .................................................................................................... 3-23

May-2002

3 • 2 Cementing II

Introduction The section will

Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 3 Cementing II

Liners

Definition - any string of casing with the top of the string below the surface of the ground.

Typical Liner Assembly

Components of a Liner System

Drillstring

Setting SleeveSetting Tool

Packoff

Liner hanger

Liner

Shoe Track

Plug System

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 4 Cementing II

Reasons for Running Liners

• Reduced casing cost

• Less ID restriction

- Increased flow rate during drilling and cementing

• Drill with tapered string

• Tensile load may exceed casing specifications.

• Reduced Weight On Wellhead

• Well Construction Requirements

- Sidetracks

- Multi-Laterals

- Slotted Liner

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 5 Cementing II

Liners Types

Drilling Liner

• Set through a section of hole with further drilling planned.

• Extends intermediate casing.

• Isolates troublesome zones

• Isolates weak or pressurized zones

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 6 Cementing II

Liners Types

Production Liner

• Set through or immediately above productive interval.

• Serves as completion casing.

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 7 Cementing II

Liners Types

Scab or Stub Liner

• Extends from top of previously set liner to a point up hole, but not reaching wellhead.

• Repair damaged or parted casing.

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 8 Cementing II

Liners Types

Tie-Back Liner

• Extends from top of previously set liner to wellhead.

• Protects previous casings

• Isolates previous liner top.

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 9 Cementing II

Liner Cementing Considerations

• Tight annular clearances

- High friction pressures therefore high ECD

- Lost circulation

- Increased Gas Flow Potential

- Differential sticking

- Centralization difficult but critical

• Limited pump rates

- Liner hanger limitations

- High ECD

- Potential for poor mud displacement

• Pipe movement limited

- Liner hanger often set before cementing

- Differential sticking

- Fear of sticking liner off of bottom

• High mud weights

- Densified cement and spacers

- Slurry density at least 1 ppg > mud

• Accurate well data necessary

- Fracture gradient

- Pore pressure

- Caliper log for volume calculations and computer modeling

• Temperature

- BHCT @ liner bottom

- BHST @ liner bottom and top

- High differential may require long waiting times or SCR-100

- BHCT may equal BHST in long horizontal liners.

- Enertech temperature simulator (WT-Drill)

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 10 Cementing II

Liner Cementing Considerations

• Slurry design

- Stable slurry with no free water or solids settling

- Low rheology to minimize ECD but able to suspend solids

- Fluid loss 50-100 cc/30 min; less than 50 cc if gas migration is a concern or if annular clearance is extremely small

- Compressive strength of 500 psi at liner top before drilling out

- Adequate thickening time allowing for batch mixing, liner hanger operations, circulating excess cement.

• Contamination concerns

- Always perform contamination tests in lab

- High density muds may be heavily chemically treated

- Contamination results in high viscosity & high ECD

- Spacer in drillpipe at liner hanger if OBM is in annulus

- Avoid SUPERFLUSH spacer on liner applications

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 11 Cementing II

Liners: Three Widely Accepted Cementing Methods

• Single stage:

- Circulate cement to top of liner - reverse excess.

• Single stage:

- Circulate excess cement 10-12 joints above liner-drilled cement after setting.

• Planned squeeze program: (Tack and Squeeze)

- Lower part cemented - Top part squeezed later.

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 12 Cementing II

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 13 Cementing II

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 14 Cementing II

Consideration In Selecting Type Of Liner Hanger To Use

• Mechanical or hydraulic set

• Single or multiple cone

• Liner rotation and/or reciprocation during cementing

• Hole geometry

• Liner hanger passing through the top of another liner

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 15 Cementing II

Mechanical-Set Liner Hanger

• Set by surface manipulation (rotating to disengage J-slot and slacking off

weight to engage slips)

• To unseat, drillpipe picked up and rotated to get J-slot to the “running in” position

• Most widely used

Releasing-nut Threads

Sizing Ring

Pack-off Element

Cone

Slips

Automatic J-Latch Cage

Drag Springs

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 16 Cementing II

Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger

Tie-back Receptacle

Releasing-nut Threads

Plain-Action Setting Collar

Upper-Tapered Cones

Upper Slips

Lower-Tapered Cones

Lower Slips

Setting-tool Shear Screws

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 17 Cementing II

Hydraulic-Set Liner Hanger

• Preferred if one liner is already in well

• Designed to prevent premature setting of slips going into well

• Hydraulic pressure required to set slips (unseat by picking up drillpipe)

• Designs vary, some tools can also be set with ball plug or rotation.

• Not as widely used as mechanical set hangers

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 18 Cementing II

Liner Calculation

Calculate seven parameters:

• Volume of cement required in the annulus: above the liner and in the shoe joint

• Sacks of cement required to achieve the calculated volume

• Mixing fluid required to the mix the cement

• Fluid volume required to pump the drill pipe plug to the top of the liner

• Fluid volume required to pump the casing plug to the landing baffle

• Pressure required to pump the plug to the landing baffle

• Top of the cement when the drill pipe has been pulled out of the hole

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 19 Cementing II

Example Calculation #4:

Cement a 7 inch 32 lb/ft C-75 liner in a 8 1/2 inch open hole. The liner top will be at 11,322 feet. The TD of the 9 5/8 inch 47 lb/ft cased hole is 11,422 feet. The liner TD will be at; 11,622 feet, there is a 30 foot shoe joint. Cement this with class "H" + .3 % HR-12 at 16.4 lb/gal. Leave 75 feet of cement on top of the liner when the drill pipe is pulled out of the hole. The well fluid and displacement fluid will be 11.6 lb/gal mud. This liner is run on 4 1/2 inch 16.6 lb/ft drill pipe.

• Cubic feet of cement

• Sacks of cement

• Mixing fluid

• Drill pipe displacement

• Liner displacement

• Differential pressure

• TOC when the drill pipe is out

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 20 Cementing II

To Surface

DrillingMud

4 1/2"16.6 lb/ftDrill Pipe

7" 32 lb/ftc-75Liner

8 1/2"Hole

TailCement

FloatCollar

FloatShoe11622'

11422'

Top of Liner11322'

TOC DP in

9 5/8"47 lb/ftCasing

TOC DP out

11592'

Volume of Cement

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 21 Cementing II

Left on top 75 ft x .4110 cuft/ft = 30.825 cuft

Over lap 100 ft x .1438 cuft/ft = 14.380 cuft

Open Hole 200 ft x .1268 cuft/ft = 25.360 cuft

Shoe Joint 30 ft x .2025 cuft/ft = 6.075 cuft

Total = 76.640 cuft

Sacks of Cement

76.640 cuft ÷ 1.06 cuft/sk = 72.3019 sacks

Mixing Fluid

72.3019 sks x 4.3 gal/sk ÷ 42 gal/bbl = 7.4023 bbls

Displacement

Drill Pipe 11,322 ft. x .01422 bbl/ft = 160.9988 bbl

Liner 270 ft. x .03600 bbl/ft = 9.7200 bbl

Total = 170.7188 bbl

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 22 Cementing II

Differential Pressure

Cased hole to drill pipe annulus factor.

0.4110 cuft/ft - .1104 cuft/ft = .3006 cuft/ft

HOC above liner 30.825 cuft ÷ .3006 cuft/ft = 102.5449 ft

HOC to Liner top = 300.0000 ft

Total HOC = 402.5449 ft

Hydrostatic pressure outside the liner and drill pipe

Well Fluid 11,219.4550 ft x .6026 psi/ft = 6760.8436 psi

Cement 402.5449 ft x .8519 psi/ft = 342.9280 psi

Total = 7103.7716 psi

Hydrostatic pressure inside the liner and drill pipe

Displacement 11,592 ft x .6026 psi/ft = 6985.3392 psi

Cement 30 ft x .8519 psi/ft = 25.5570 psi

Total = 7010.8962 psi

Differential Pressure

7103.7716 psi

- 7010.8962 psi

92.8754 psi

Top of cement when drill pipe is pulled

11,322 feet

- 75 feet

11,247 feet

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 23 Cementing II

Practice Calculation #3

Cement a 9 5/8 inch 47 lb/ft N-80 liner in a 12 1/2 inch open hole (average hole size). Allow an additional 9% of the open hole annulus volume for excess. The liner top will be at 11,956 feet. The TD of the 13 3/8 inch 68 lb/ft cased hole is 12,076 feet. The liner TD will be at 12,856 feet, there is a 30 foot shoe joint. Cement this with class "G" + .75 % CFR-2 at 17 lb/gal. Leave 100 feet of cement on top of the liner. The well fluid and displacement fluid will be 11.3 lb/gal mud. This liner is run on 4 inch 14 lb/ft drill pipe.

• Cubic feet of cement

• Sacks of cement

• Mixing fluid

• Drill pipe displacement

• Liner displacement

• Differential pressure

• TOC when the drill pipe is out

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 24 Cementing II

To Surface

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 25 Cementing II

Practice Calculation #4

Cement a 5.0 inch 18.0 lb/ft liner in a 7 inch open hole. The annulus is washed out 12%. The liner top will be at 12,610 feet. The TD of the 8 5/8 inch 40 lb/ft cased hole is 12,685 feet. The liner TD will be 13,310 feet, there is a 30 foot shoe joint. Cement this with class "A" + 0.4% HR-4. Leave 100 feet of cement on top of the liner. The well fluid and displacement fluid are 10.2 lb/gal mud. This liner is run on 4 1/2 inch 20.0 lb/ft drill pipe.

• Cubic feet of cement

• Sacks of cement

• Mixing fluid

• Drill pipe displacement

• Liner displacement

• Differential pressure

• TOC when the drill pipe is out

Liner Cementing

May-2002

3 • 26 Cementing II

To Surface