CENTER FOR FOODSAFETY ENGINEERING
Imagine a world where we can detect pathogenic bacteria in a food system within hours rather than days…
…The Center for Food Safety Engineering at Purdue University is developing technologies to do just that.
2013NEWSLETTER
NOTE FROM THE DIRECTORTh e Center for Food Safety Engineering (CFSE) at Purdue University was established in 2000 as a partnership with the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC). Th e mission of the CFSE has been to develop new knowledge, technologies, and systems for detection and prevention of chemical and microbial contamination of foods while training the next generation of food safety scientists and engineers. Our researchers are developing systems that use advanced engineering principles coupled with microbiological techniques. Th ese systems include:
• C3D: Eff ective food sampling protocols and fi ltration techniques to maximize microbial cell separation and concentration in an automated instrument.
• Biochip: Biochip systems, using immunobiology and electrochemistry, for detecting viable cells of Salmonella enterica serovars, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Listeria monocytogenes in food.
• BARDOT: An image database and refi nement of the Bacterial Rapid Detection using Optical light scattering Technology (BARDOT) system for microcolony detection and identifi cation, shortening the detection time for L. monocytogenes, select Salmonella serovars, and STEC.
• Phage: A one-step method using bacteriophages carrying reporter genes for detecting E. coli O157:H7, STEC, and other foodborne pathogenic bacteria directly in the enrichment bag.
• Raman Sensor: A Raman biosensing platform for detecting pathogens at single cell sensitivity.
Th ere were many highlights and banner accomplishments during 2012-2013. In November, the CFSE hosted the 2012 Annual Meeting of the MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety and the 14th Annual Meeting of the Purdue University/USDA-ARS Center for Food Safety Engineering. Th e CFSE also welcomed new key scientists Dr. Haley Oliver and Dr. Robert Pruitt. Dr. Oliver’s work focuses on understanding and controlling Listeria monocytogenes contamination, and Dr. Pruitt is improving CFSE technologies by coupling them to ‘next-generation’ metagenomic sequencing methods.
Th is newsletter contains only an overview of the many activities and accomplishments of the CFSE. If you are interested in learning more about the CFSE, please visit our Web site at www.cfse.purdue.edu or contact me directly. Together, we can work to ensure the safety of the food supply.
DirectorDr. Lisa MauerProfessor, Department of Food Science
Annual Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Research Project Overviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Scientifi c Publications and Presentations . . . . . . . . . 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Building a biochemistry lab on a chip Feb. 12, 2013 | www.phys.org/news
(Phys.org)—Miniaturized laboratory-on-chip systems promise rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of biological samples for medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and high-throughput screening. Using micro-fabrication techniques and incorporating a unique design of transistor-based heating, Dr. Rashid Bashir is further advancing the use of silicon transistor and electronics into chemistry and biology for point-of-care diagnostics. Lab-on-a-chip technologies are attractive as they require fewer reagents, have lower detection limits, allow for parallel analyses, and can have a smaller footprint than conventional analyses. Bashir’s research was featured in the paper "Ultralocalized thermal reactions in subnanoliter droplets-in-air," published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on February 12.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-02-biochemistry-lab-chip.html#jCp.
ANNUAL HIGHLIGHTS
Preventing food-borne illness May 6, 2013 | Chemical & Engineering News
(Lauren K. Wolf) -- Researchers want to prevent deadly foodborne illness outbreaks by enabling farmers, food processors, and even consumers to test their food for contamination or spoilage while it’s right in front of them, rather than waiting days for lab results—which oft en arrive too late to take preventative action. Th ese scientists are developing small, inexpensive, nanomaterial-based devices that can simultaneously snag and tag pathogens such as Listeria in all types of food. Th e surfaces of nanoparticles can be chemically modifi ed with various molecules that stick to pathogen targets. And when added to a food sample, the materials have unique electrical, optical, and magnetic properties that make them easy to detect, even in small amounts. Dr. Joseph Irudayaraj recently took advantage of this phenomenon to detect Listeria in milk. Th is work was featured in the article “Lateral-fl ow enzyme immunoconcentration for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes,” published in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in April.
Read more at: http://cen.acs.org/articles/91/i18/Preventing-Food-borne-Illness.html
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Photo caption: Lab-on-a-chip technology, smaller than a dime, shows promise to developing rapid, almost instant, detection of pathogens.
IN THE NEWS
Spring FestScientists in the Center for Food Safety Engineering at Purdue University are teaching the next generation about microorganisms in food. Several scientists showed youngsters how to plate spinach and test for microorganisms during Spring Fest, an annual event that draws over 30,000 people to campus to learn about science and technology.
Melon Growers WorkshopsFollowing the outbreak of Salmonella traced to a southwest Indiana cantaloupe producer in 2012 and an outbreak of Listeria in Colorado the previous year, Center for Food Safety Engineering scientists, Drs. Haley Oliver and Amanda Deering, helped Purdue Extension develop educational materials and deliver training to Indiana melon growers. Th e goal of the series of workshops held in June 2013 was to provide the growers information concerning food safety as it relates to packing lines and packing houses and to help the cantaloupe growers prepare for expected federal inspections.
Portab le BARDOT Instrument Th e optical light scattering sensor, BARDOT, is a noninvasive label-free detection system which identifi es bacterial colonies in real-time. A portable BARDOT instrument was developed this year and deployed to USDA. Th e instrument is able to identify known pathogenic bacteria, including E.coliO157:H7 and other Shiga-toxin producing E.coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. Th e portable BARDOT has tremendous potential for improving the response to foodborne illness outbreaks because not only can this method properly classify foodborne pathogens, but also the portability enables the method to travel to the source thereby reducing the time to detection.
RESEARCH PROJECT OVERVIEW
Dr. Michael LadischProject Title: C3D: Concentration of pathogenic bacteria from food samples
Project Description: An important fi rst step in pathogen detection is the ability to quickly separate the microorganisms from large food samples without harming them. Th e complexity of food samples makes this a particular challenge. Th e C3D technique combines mechanical shearing and enzyme treatments with rapid microfi ltration through special membranes. Aft er passing through the C3D, the small volume of concentrated sample contains the bacteria that were present in the initial food sample. Th is is important when the fi nal detection method is only capable of analyzing small volumes, as is the case for the PCR and biochip techniques.
Project Highlight: We could think of C3D as a quick way to fi nd a few needles in a haystack, and then be able to tets the needles to fi nd out what kind they are.
Dr. Rashid BashirProject Title: BIOCHIP: Microfabrication of biochips able to concentrate, quantify, and detect pathogenic bacteria from food using PCR
Project Description: Biochips are miniature laboratories, the size of a postage stamp, that are able to perform many simultaneous functions to rapidly screen numerous samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a commonly used laboratory technique in which a little DNA from a target bacterium is used to generate thousands to millions of copies of the DNA sequence. Th ese copies can then be detected using the biochips. Coupling PCR with the biochip technology results in a rapid detection method for identifying pathogenic bacteria in a food sample.
Project Highlight: Th is PCR on a biochip system is a fast, portable, and inexpensive method for on-site testing of foodborne pathogen contamination.
Dr. Bruce ApplegateProject Title: PHAGE: Development of bacteriophages for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogenic bacteria in food
Project Description: Bacteriophages are viruses that are only able to infect bacteria. Th e goal of this project is to have the bacteriophages produce and emit light when they have infected a target bacterium. Th e light can then be detected to rapidly identify if a harmful pathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli O157:H7, was present in a food sample.
Project Highlight: Th is technology does not require new sample preparation procedures or complicated concentration schemes. By integrating into existing food safety laboratory procedures, and with an estimated cost of 11 cents per assay, much less than the several dollars per test for current methods, this bacteriophage technique is a cost eff ective means of detecting pathogenic bacteria in a food sample.
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Dr. Joseph IrudayarajProject Title: RAMAN SENSOR: Development of a highly sensitive enhanced Raman spectrosensor for the identifi cation of foodborne pathogens
Project Description: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used to detect bacteria in foods by identifying diff erent spectra that are unique to each bacterium, much like fi ngerprint analysis. Th e SERS signal enhancement enables the detection of low concentrations of pathogenic bacteria in food samples. Sensitive fl uorescent assays were also developed to quickly detect low numbers of pathogenic bacteria in foods.
Project Highlight: Two sensitive biosensor techniques, using Raman spectroscopy and fl uorescent immunoassays, are portable and useful for rapid onsite detection of foodborne pathogens.
Drs. Arun Bhunia and J. Paul RobinsonProject Title: BARDOT: Development of light scattering technologies for the identifi cation of pathogenic bacteria
Project Description: A laser sensor is used to instantly screen bacterial colonies on a Petri-dish for early pathogen detection. Th e sensor, designated BARDOT (Bacterial Rapid Detection using Optical light scattering Technology), is a noninvasive label-free detection and identifi cation system that works by passing a laser beam through each bacterial colony present on a Petri-dish. Th is generates a light scatter signature that is specifi c to each bacterium (analogous to a human fi ngerprint) and enables the identifi cation of bacterial pathogens in food samples. Th e BARDOT instrument has been miniaturized into a portable device that is similar in size to a sewing machine.
Project Highlight: BARDOT is a user-friendly high throughput detection device that can rapidly screen food samples for the presence of harmful bacterial pathogens to enhance food safety, reduce foodborne outbreaks, and save lives.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS• Ahmed, W.M., Bayraktar, B., Bhunia, A.K., Hirleman, E.D., Robinson, J.P., Rajwa, B. 2013. Classifi cation of
bacterial contamination using image processing and distrubted computing. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 17: 232-239.
• Amalaradjou, M.A., Bhunia, A.K. 2012. Modern approaches in probiotics research to control foodborne pathogens. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 67: 185-239.
• Amalaradjou, M.A., Bhunia, A.K. 2013. Bioengineered probiotics, a strategic approach to control enteric infections. Bioengineered, 4: 6.
• Bae, E., Ying, D., Kramer, D., Patsekin, V., Rajwa, B., Holdman, C., Sturgis, J., Davisson, V.J., Robinson, J.P. 2012. Portable bacterial identifi cation system based on elastic light scatter patterns. Journal of Biological Engi-neering, 6: 12.
• Bae, E., Kim, H., McNally, H.A., Bhunia, K., Hirleman, E.D. 2012. Investigation of the presence of rod-shaped bacteria on food surface via elastic light scattering. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 3: 344-352.
• Bae, E., Bhunia, A.K. Nano Optical Sensors for Food Safety and Security, in Optochemical Nanosensors, A. Cu-sano, Arregui, F.J., Giordano, M., Cutolo, A., Editor 2013, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Raton, FL. p. 497-512.
• Bhunia, A.K. 2012. Bioengineered probiotics - A solution to broaden probiotics effi cacy! Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2: e105.
• Burkholder, K.M., Bhunia, A.K. Listeria monocytogenes and Host HSP60 - An Invasive Pairing, in Moonlight-ing Cell Stress Proteins in Microbial Infections, B. Henderson, Editor 2013, Springer. p. 267-282.
• Duarte, C., Salm, E., Dorvel, B., Reddy, B., Jr., Bashir, R. 2013. On-chip parallel detection of foodborne patho-gens using loop-mediated isothermal amplifi cation. Biomedical Microdevices, 15: 821-830.
• Hoelzer, K., Oliver, H.F., Kohl, L.R., Hollingsworth, J., Wells, M.T., Wiedmann, M. 2012. Structured expert elicitation about Listeria monocytogenes cross-contamination in the environment of retail deli operations in the united states. Risk Analysis, 32: 1139-1156.
• Jokilaakso, N., Salm, E., Chen, A., Millet, L., Guevara, C.D., Dorvel, B., Reddy, B., Jr., Karlstrom, A.E., Chen, Y., Ji, H., Sooryakumar, R., Bashir, R. 2013. Ultra-localized single cell electroporation using silicon nanowires. Lab on a Chip, 13: 336-9.
• Kim, H. and Bhunia, A.K. 2013. Secreted Listeria adhesion protein (Lap) infl uences Lap-mediated Listeria monocytogenes paracellular translocation through epithelial barrier. Gut Pathogens, 5: 16.
• Mendonca, M., Conrad, N.L., Conceicao, F.R., Moreira, A.N., da Silva, W.P., Aleixo, J.A.G., Bhunia, A.K. 2012. Highly specifi c fi ber optic immunosensor coupled with immunomagnetic separation for detection of low levels of Listeria monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. BMC Microbiology, 12.
• Mialon, M., Tang, Y., Singh, A.K., Bae, E., Bhunia, A.K. 2012. Eff ects of preparation and storage of agar media on the sensitivity of bacterial forward scattering patterns. Open Journal of Applied Biosensor, 1: 26-35.
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• Mujahid, S., Bergholz, T.M., Oliver, H.F., Boor, K.J., Wiedmann, M. 2013. Exploration of the role of the non-coding rna sbre in L. monocytogenes stress response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14: 9685-9685.
• Ohk, S.H., Bhunia, A.K. 2013. Multiplex fi ber optic biosensor for detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica from ready-to-eat meat samples. Food Microbiology, 33: 166-71.
• Salm, E., Guevara, C.D., Dak, P., Dorvel, B.R., Reddy, B., Adam, M.A., Bashir, R. 2013. Ultralocalized thermal reactions in subnanoliter droplets-in-air. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110: 3310-3315.
• Serrano-Nino, J.C., Cavazos-Garduno, A., Hernandez-Mendoza, A., Applegate, B., Ferruzzi, M.G., San Martin-Gonzalez, M.F., Garcia, H.S. 2013. Assessment of probiotic strains ability to reduce the bioaccessibility of afl atoxin m-1 in artifi cially contaminated milk using an in vitro digestive model. Food Control, 31: 202-207.
• Soendjojo, E. 2012. Is local produce safer? Microbiological quality of fresh lettuce and spinach from grocery stores and farmers’ mar-kets. Th e Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research, 2: 54-63.
• American Chemical Society National Meeting – San Diego, CA
• Annual Meeting of the American Society of Microbiology – Denver, CO
• Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center (CAIQTEST) – Beijing, China
• Clinical Robotic Surgery Association 4th Annual Congress – Chicago, IL
• Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine Conference – Maui, Hawaii
• Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison – Madison, WI
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2012 Photonics Conference – Burlingame, CA
• Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting and Food Expo – Las Vegas, NV
• International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences – Okinawa, Japan
• Purdue Undergraduate Research Symposium – West Lafayette, IN
• Universita degli Studi di Bresicia – Bresicia, Italy
• University of Hyderabad – Mysore, India
WORK PRESENTED AT THE FOLLOWING:
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CENTER FOR FOODSAFETY ENGINEERING
Philip E. Nelson Hall of Food Science - 745 Agriculture Mall Drive - West Lafayette, IN 47907
For more information, contact:Dr. Lisa MauerProfessor and [email protected]
Dr. Amanda DeeringOperations [email protected]
Or visit our website:
www.cfse.purdue.edu
2012 Annual Meeting of the MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety & 15th Annual Meeting of the Purdue University/USDA-ARS Center for Food Safety Engineering
Dr. Bruce [email protected]
Dr. Rashid [email protected]
Dr. Arun [email protected]
Dr. Joseph [email protected]
Dr. Michael [email protected]
Dr. Haley [email protected]
Dr. Robert [email protected]
Center for Food Safety Engineering Key Scientists
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