June 2001 Center for Urban Studies Population Briefs Michigan’s 2000 Population Center for Urban Studies Population Briefs––Census 2000, No. 2 Center for Urban Studies 656 West Kirby, 3040 F/AB Detroit, Michigan 48202 Phone: 313-577-2208 FAX: 313-577-1274 Email: [email protected]Website: www.cus.wayne.edu Kurt Metzger Research Director Jason Booza Geographic Information Specialist Population Trends in the Tri-County Area Fast Facts ♦ The tri-county area experienced a 3.3 percent gain in population during the 1990s, representing a complete reversal of its 3.3 percent loss of the 1980s. ♦ The increase was not equally distributed however, as Macomb and Oakland counties both grew by 10 percent, while Wayne County had a 2.4 percent loss. Though Wayne County lost population, the 1990s were still an improvement over the 9.7 percent loss of the 1980s. ♦ Macomb Township grew more than any other community in the tri-county area, in both number and percent––27,764 persons, 122 percent. This growth represents a doubling of its winning rate in the 1980s––59.6 percent. ♦ The major population losers by percent were: Highland Park (17%), River Rouge (12%) and Ferndale (12%). The numerical losers were Detroit (76,704), Warren (6,617) and Royal Oak (5,348). ♦ The patterns of gain and loss were relatively clear: The outlying suburbs (primarily townships) of all three counties experienced gains, while the older suburbs adjacent to Detroit lost population. This pattern has been the rule for the last four decades, as the tier of gaining suburbs moves farther from the core. ♦ Detroit’s loss of 76,704 people (7.5 percent) was the lowest, in both number and percent, since its population losses began in the 1950s. Tri-County Overview As shown in Table 1, the three core counties of metropolitan Detroit, Macomb, Oakland and Wayne, commonly known as the tri-county area, grew by 3.3 percent between 1990 and 2000. This represented a reversal of the losses experienced during the 1980s (-3.3%) and 1970s (-3.8%). Population dynamics within the area were driven by the movement of people from the core of the area––Detroit and its immediate neighbors––to the outer ring of suburbs. As a result, each decade brought population growth to Macomb and Oakland counties and population loss to Wayne County. Within Wayne, the cities and townships near the western and southern boundaries grew throughout the period but their gains were overwhelmed by losses in Detroit (311,000 in the ‘70s; 175,000 in the ‘80s; 75,000 in the ‘90s). Table 5 presents the top gainers and losers, by percent and number, among all communities––cities, villages and townships––in the tri-county.
Transcript
June 2001
Center for Urban Studies
Population Briefs
Michigan’s 2000PopulationCenter for UrbanStudies PopulationBriefs––Census2000, No. 2
Center for Urban Studies656 West Kirby, 3040 F/ABDetroit, Michigan 48202
Fast Facts♦ The tri-county area experienced a 3.3 percent gain in population during the 1990s,
representing a complete reversal of its 3.3 percent loss of the 1980s.♦ The increase was not equally distributed however, as Macomb and Oakland counties both
grew by 10 percent, while Wayne County had a 2.4 percent loss. Though Wayne Countylost population, the 1990s were still an improvement over the 9.7 percent loss of the1980s.
♦ Macomb Township grew more than any other community in the tri-county area, in bothnumber and percent––27,764 persons, 122 percent. This growth represents a doublingof its winning rate in the 1980s––59.6 percent.
♦ The major population losers by percent were: Highland Park (17%), River Rouge (12%)and Ferndale (12%). The numerical losers were Detroit (76,704), Warren (6,617) andRoyal Oak (5,348).
♦ The patterns of gain and loss were relatively clear: The outlying suburbs (primarilytownships) of all three counties experienced gains, while the older suburbs adjacent toDetroit lost population. This pattern has been the rule for the last four decades, as thetier of gaining suburbs moves farther from the core.
♦ Detroit’s loss of 76,704 people (7.5 percent) was the lowest, in both number and percent,since its population losses began in the 1950s.
Tri-County Overview
As shown in Table 1, the three core counties of metropolitan Detroit, Macomb, Oakland andWayne, commonly known as the tri-county area, grew by 3.3 percent between 1990 and 2000.This represented a reversal of the losses experienced during the 1980s (-3.3%) and 1970s(-3.8%). Population dynamics within the area were driven by the movement of people fromthe core of the area––Detroit and its immediate neighbors––to the outer ring of suburbs. As aresult, each decade brought population growth to Macomb and Oakland counties andpopulation loss to Wayne County. Within Wayne, the cities and townships near the westernand southern boundaries grew throughout the period but their gains were overwhelmed bylosses in Detroit (311,000 in the ‘70s; 175,000 in the ‘80s; 75,000 in the ‘90s). Table 5presents the top gainers and losers, by percent and number, among all communities––cities,villages and townships––in the tri-county.
Macomb County
Of the three counties, Macomb is the smallest in both size and population. Its land area is 480 square miles, giving it apopulation density of 1,642 persons per square mile. Its 788,149 residents live in 12 cities, three villages and 12townships. Macomb’s largest city is Warren. With a population of 138,247, Warren ranks 3rd in the state. A close secondis Sterling Heights with a population in 2000 of 124,471, placing it 5th in the state, surpassing Lansing. Populationgrowth in the county is occurring most prominently north of M-59 (12 miles north of the county’s southern boundary), withthe losses concentrated south of 14 Mile Road (see Figure 1). While the vast majority (72.2%) of Macomb’s population livessouth of M-59, the trend is to the north. In 1980 the share was 83.2% and dropped to 79.4% in 1990. The increased rateof loss experienced in the 1990s should continue now that M-59 has undergone an extensive widening
Cities south of 14 Mile Road lost population between 1980 and 1990, and continued to lose during the 1990s. In terms oftotal population loss, Warren lost 22,887 residents between 1980 and 2000, followed by St. Clair Shores with a loss of13,114 residents (see table 2). The southern cities of Roseville, Centerline and Eastpointe also lost population during bothdecades. North of M-59 lies Macomb Township, the fastest growing city in the tri-county area. It grew by 122% or 27,764residents between 1990 and 2000. Its neighbors, Chesterfield and Shelby Townships, grew by 44% and 34%, respectively.
Oakland County
Oakland County is largest of the three counties in terms of land area (873 square miles) and second largest in populationwith 1,194,156 residents, distributed across 30 cities, 10 villages and 21 townships These characteristics result in it havingthe lowest population density of the three–– 1,368 persons per square mile. Oakland County’s largest city in 2000 wasFarmington Hills, with 82,111 residents (see table 3). In 1980, Farmington Hills ranked 6th in the county, with Pontiacholding the top spot. An interesting shift has taken place over those 20 years, as Pontiac’s population has fallen from76,715 in 1980 to 66,337 in 2000, dropping its ranking to 6th in 2000.
Oakland County’s early growth followed Woodward Avenue, from Ferndale to Pontiac, and along the 8 Mile Road boundarywith Detroit. While areas to the north and west began to develop in the 1960s, it was the 1970s and 1980s––helped alongby I-75, I-696, I-96, I-275, M-59 and the Haggerty Connector––when communities like Novi, Farmington Hills, WestBloomfield and others began to experience significant growth. The decade of the 1990s continued the pattern of growthreaching out to the northern and western boundaries, while the southern core communities continued their recent losses.Population losses were experienced by Ferndale (second highest, in percent loss, in the tri-county), Royal Oak (thirdlargest, in numerical loss, in the tri-county), Berkley, Clawson, Huntington Woods, Hazel Park, Oak Park, Madison Heightsand Birmingham. The only community south of 16 Mile Road that gained was Southfield––a gain that resulted from thecommunity’s changing racial/ethnic structure.
While the older communities were losing population, due to a “built environment” with no room for additional housing,coupled with more singles, unmarried partners, and small families, many communities to the north and west wereexperiencing growth rates twice what they had 10 years previously. Commerce Township (29%), Groveland Township (31%),Oxford Township (34%), Orion Township (39%), Oakland Township (59%), and the cities of Wixom (55%) and South Lyon(71%) all saw growth rates at least double, and as high as seven times, the rates of the 1980s.
Wayne County
Wayne County has the largest population of any county in Michigan, with 2,061,162 residents. County residents live in 33cities and 10 townships. Its land area is 614 square miles, thus producing the highest population density in the state––3,357 persons per square mile. Its residents live in 33 cities and 10 townships. There are no villages in the county.However, Wayne County has been losing population since 1970. While a number of communities have contributed to thisloss, the principal contributor over that time, and since 1950, has been the county’s (and state’s) largest city, Detroit.While the county’s growth was strong until 1960, Detroit’s losses overwhelmed the gains occurring in other parts of thecounty and, after a minuscule gain of 4,000 persons during the 1960s, the downward trend began. Between 1990 and2000, Wayne County lost 50,525 residents, the fourth largest loss of any county in the United States during the same timeperiod.
Detroit’s losses over the past several decades have been shared by a number of its neighboring communities. Populationlosses have occurred rather consistently in Highland Park, Ecorse, River Rouge, Hamtramck, Harper Woods, Dearborn,Dearborn Heights, Inkster and Melvindale (see Figure 1). The decade of the 1990s has brought an encouraging trend: all
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Total Population Percent Change1980 1990 2000 1980-90 1990-2000
Armada township 3,887 4,491 5,246 15.5 16.8 Armada village 1,392 1,548 1,573 11.2 1.6Bruce township 5,756 6,012 8,158 4.4 35.7Center Line city 9,293 9,026 8,531 -2.9 -5.5Chesterfield township 18,276 25,905 37,405 41.7 44.4Clinton township 72,400 85,866 95,648 18.6 11.4Eastpointe city 38,280 35,283 34,077 -7.8 -3.4Fraser city 14,560 13,899 15,297 -4.5 10.1Harrison township 23,649 24,685 24,461 4.4 -0.9Lenox township 4,899 5,400 8,433 10.2 56.2 New Haven village 1,871 2,331 3,071 24.6 31.7Macomb township 14,230 22,714 50,478 59.6 122.2Memphis city 817 896 807 9.7 -9.9Mount Clemens city 18,806 18,405 17,312 -2.1 -5.9New Baltimore city 5,439 5,798 7,405 6.6 27.7Ray township 3,121 3,230 3,740 3.5 15.8Richmond city 3,536 4,141 4,896 17.1 18.2Richmond township 2,453 2,528 3,416 3.1 35.1Roseville city 54,311 51,412 48,129 -5.3 -6.4Shelby charter township 38,939 48,655 65,159 25.0 33.9St. Clair Shores city 76,210 68,107 63,096 -10.6 -7.4 Lake township 110 105 80 -4.5 -23.8Sterling Heights city 108,999 117,810 124,471 8.1 5.7Utica city 5,282 5,081 4,577 -3.8 -9.9Warren city 161,134 144,864 138,247 -10.1 -4.6Washington township 10,213 13,087 19,080 28.1 45.8Romeo village* 3,509 3,520 3,721 0.3 5.7Villages are shown in italics, directly under the townships in which they are located. Township totals include village populations.* Romeo Village is part of Washington and Bruce Townships
communities in this group, including Detroit, have seen a slowing of their losses. The strong economy has brought anumber of new housing and commercial developments throughout the older communities in Wayne County. Even moreexciting is the growth that has come to the cities of Hamtramck and Dearborn––due to immigrant populations (a brief onimmigration is forthcoming). Immigrants from the Middle East, Bangladesh, and Eastern Europe drove Hamtramck’spopulation up by 25 percent, while Dearborn’s increasing Middle Eastern population resulted in a 9.5 percent growth.
Wayne County’s growth, as was seen with Macomb and Oakland, is occurring at the edges–– primarily in the townships. CantonTownship, on the county’s western edge, experienced the second largest numerical growth in the tri-county: 19,326 residents(see Table 4). Plymouth and Brownstown townships grew by more than 4,000 residents apiece. Huron Township grew by 32percent and Northville Township by 22 percent.
Table 2Population Trends in Macomb County, 1980-2000
Table 1Population Trends in Metropolitan Detroit, 1980–2000
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Total Population Total Population Total Population Percent Change Percent Change(1980) (1990) (2000) (1980-90) (1990-00)
Detroit CMSA* 5,293,161 5,187,171 5,456,428 -0.2% 5.2%Detroit PMSA** 4,387,735 4,266,654 4,441,551 -2.8% 4.1%Tri-County Area 4,044,236 3,912,679 4,043,467 -3.2% 3.3%Macomb County 694,600 717,400 788,149 3.3% 9.9%Oakland County 1,011,793 1,083,592 1,194,156 7.1% 10.2%Wayne County 2,337,843 2,111,687 2,061,162 -9.7% -2.4%Detroit 1,203,339 1,027,974 951,270 -14.6% -7.5%
* CMSA includes the counties of Genesee, Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw and Wayne.** PMSA includes the counties of Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne.
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Total Population Percent Change1980 1990 2000 1980-90 1990-2000
Addison township 4,607 5,142 6,439 11.6 25.2 Leonard village 423 357 332 -15.6 -7.0Auburn Hills city 15,598 17,076 19,837 9.5 16.2Berkley city 18,637 16,960 15,531 -9.0 -8.4Birmingham city 21,689 19,997 19,291 -7.8 -3.5Bloomfield Hills city 3,985 4,288 3,940 7.6 -8.1Bloomfield township 42,876 42,473 43,023 -0.9 1.3Brandon township 9,526 12,051 14,765 26.5 22.5 Ortonville village 1,190 1,252 1,535 5.2 22.6Clawson city 15,103 13,874 12,732 -8.1 -8.2Commerce township 23,757 26,955 34,764 13.5 29.0 Wolverine Lake village 4,968 4,727 4,415 -4.9 -6.6Farmington city 11,022 10,132 10,423 -8.1 2.9Farmington Hills city 58,056 74,652 82,111 28.6 10.0Ferndale city 26,227 25,084 22,105 -4.4 -11.9Groveland township 4,114 4,705 6,150 14.4 30.7Hazel Park city 20,914 20,051 18,963 -4.1 -5.4Highland township 16,958 17,941 19,169 5.8 6.8Holly township 8,486 8,852 10,037 4.3 13.4 Holly village 4,874 5,595 6,135 14.8 9.7Huntington Woods city 6,937 6,419 6,151 -7.5 -4.2Independence township 20,569 24,722 32,581 20.2 31.8Keego Harbor city 3,083 2,932 2,769 -4.9 -5.6Lake Angelus city 210 328 326 56.2 -0.6Lathrup Village city 4,639 4,329 4,236 -6.7 -2.1Lyon township 7,078 9,450 11,041 33.5 16.8Madison Heights city 35,375 32,196 31,101 -9.0 -3.4Milford township 10,187 12,121 15,271 19.0 26.0 Milford village 5,041 5,511 6,272 9.3 13.8Northville city* 2,785 3,367 3,352 20.9 -0.4Novi city 22,525 32,998 47,386 46.5 43.6Novi township 150 150 193 0.0 28.7Oak Park city 31,537 30,462 29,793 -3.4 -2.2Oakland charter township 7,628 8,227 13,071 7.9 58.9Orchard Lake Village city 1,798 2,286 2,215 27.1 -3.1Orion township 22,473 24,076 33,463 7.1 39.0 Lake Orion village 2,907 3,057 2,715 5.2 -11.2Oxford charter township 10,569 11,933 16,025 12.9 34.3 Oxford village 2,746 2,929 3,540 6.7 20.9Pleasant Ridge city 3,217 2,775 2,594 -13.7 -6.5Pontiac city 76,715 71,166 66,337 -7.2 -6.8Rochester city 7,203 7,130 10,467 -1.0 46.8Rochester Hills city 40,779 61,766 68,825 51.5 11.4Rose township 4,465 4,926 6,210 10.3 26.1Royal Oak charter township 5,784 5,011 5,446 -13.4 8.7Royal Oak city 70,893 65,410 60,062 -7.7 -8.2South Lyon city 5,214 5,857 10,036 12.3 71.4Southfield city 75,568 75,728 78,296 0.2 3.4Southfield township 15,031 14,255 14,430 -5.2 1.2 Beverly Hills village 11,598 10,628 10,463 -8.4 -1.6 Bingham Farms village 529 1,001 1,030 89.2 2.9 Franklin village 2,864 2,626 2,937 -8.3 11.8Springfield township 8,295 9,927 13,338 19.7 34.4Sylvan Lake city 1,949 1,884 1,735 -3.3 -7.9Troy city 67,102 72,884 80,959 8.6 11.1Village of Clarkston city 968 1,005 962 3.8 -4.3Walled Lake city 4,748 6,278 6,713 32.2 6.9Waterford township 64,437 66,692 73,150 3.5 9.7West Bloomfield township 41,962 54,516 64,860 29.9 19.0White Lake township 21,870 22,608 28,219 3.4 24.8Wixom city 6,705 8,550 13,263 27.5 55.1Villages are shown in italics, directly under the townships in which they are located. Township totals include village populations. The City of Northville is located in both Oakland and Wayne counties.
Table 3Population Trends in Oakland County, 1980-2000
Total Population Percent Change 1980 1990 2000 1980-90 1990-2000
Allen Park city 34,196 31,092 29,376 -9.1 -5.5Belleville city 3,366 3,270 3,997 -2.9 22.2Brownstown township 18,302 18,811 22,989 2.8 22.2Canton township 48,616 57,040 76,366 17.3 33.9Dearborn city 90,660 89,286 97,775 -1.5 9.5Dearborn Heights city 67,706 60,838 58,264 -10.1 -4.2Detroit city 1,203,339 1,027,974 951,270 -14.6 -7.5Ecorse city 14,447 12,180 11,229 -15.7 -7.8Flat Rock city 6,853 7,290 8,488 6.4 16.4Garden City city 35,640 31,846 30,047 -10.6 -5.6Gibraltar city 4,458 4,297 4,264 -3.6 -0.8Grosse Ile township 9,320 9,781 10,894 4.9 11.4Grosse Pointe city 5,901 5,681 5,670 -3.7 -0.2Grosse Pointe township 3,012 2,850 2,743 -5.4 -3.8Grosse Pointe Farms city 10,551 10,092 9,764 -4.4 -3.3Grosse Pointe Park city 13,639 12,857 12,443 -5.7 -3.2Grosse Pointe Woods city 18,886 17,715 17,080 -6.2 -3.6Hamtramck city 21,300 18,372 22,976 -13.7 25.1Harper Woods city 16,361 14,903 14,254 -8.9 -4.4Highland Park city 27,909 20,121 16,746 -27.9 -16.8Huron charter township 9,849 10,447 13,737 6.1 31.5Inkster city 35,190 30,772 30,115 -12.6 -2.1Lincoln Park city 45,105 41,832 40,008 -7.3 -4.4Livonia city 104,814 100,850 100,545 -3.8 -0.3Melvindale city 12,322 11,216 10,735 -9.0 -4.3Northville city* 2,913 2,859 3,107 -1.9 8.7Northville township 12,987 17,313 21,036 33.3 21.5Plymouth city 9,986 9,560 9,022 -4.3 -5.6Plymouth township 23,028 23,648 27,798 2.7 17.5Redford township 58,441 54,387 51,622 -6.9 -5.1River Rouge city 12,912 11,314 9,917 -12.4 -12.3Riverview city 14,569 13,894 13,272 -4.6 -4.5Rockwood city 3,346 3,141 3,442 -6.1 9.6Romulus city 24,857 22,897 22,979 -7.9 0.4Southgate city 32,058 30,771 30,136 -4.0 -2.1Sumpter township 11,112 10,891 11,856 -2.0 8.9Taylor city 77,568 70,811 65,868 -8.7 -7.0Trenton city 22,762 20,586 19,584 -9.6 -4.9Van Buren township 18,940 21,010 23,559 10.9 12.1Wayne city 21,159 19,899 19,051 -6.0 -4.3Westland city 84,603 84,724 86,602 0.1 2.2Woodhaven city 10,902 11,631 12,530 6.7 7.7Wyandotte city 34,006 30,938 28,006 -9.0 -9.5
* The City of Northville is located in both Oakland and Wayne counties.
Table 4Population Trends in Wayne County, 1980-2000
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1990-2000 Change Rank Community County Percent Number
1 Macomb Twp Macomb 122.2 27,7642 South Lyon City Oakland 71.4 4,1793 Oakland Charter Twp Oakland 58.9 4,8444 Lenox Twp Macomb 56.2 3,0335 Wixom City Oakland 55.1 4,7136 Rochester City Oakland 46.8 3,3377 Washington Twp Macomb 45.8 5,9938 Chesterfiled Twp Macomb 44.4 11,5009 Novi City Oakland 43.6 14,38810 Orion Twp Oakland 39.0 9,387
1990-2000 Change Rank Community County Percent Number
1 Highland Park Wayne -16.8 -3,3752 River Rouge Wayne -12.3 -1,3973 Ferndale Oakland -11.9 -2,9794 Memphis City Macomb -9.9 -895 Utica Macomb -9.9 -5046 Wyandotte Wayne -9.5 -2,9327 Berkley Oakland -8.4 -1,4298 Clawson Oakland -8.2 -1,1429 Royal Oak Oakland -8.2 -5,34810 Bloomfield Hills Oakland -8.1 -348
1990-2000 Change Rank Community County Percent Number
1 Macomb Twp Macomb 122.2 27,7642 Canton Twp Wayne 33.9 19,3263 Shelby Twp Macomb 33.9 16,5044 Novi City Oakland 43.6 14,3885 Chesterfield Twp Macomb 44.4 11,5006 West Bloomfield Twp Oakland 19.0 10,3447 Clinton Twp Macomb 11.4 9,7828 Orion Twp Oakland 39.0 9,3879 Dearborn Wayne 9.5 8,48910 Troy Oakland 11.1 8,075
1990-2000 Change Rank Community County Percent Number
1 Detroit Wayne -7.5 -76,7042 Warren Macomb -4.6 -6,6173 Royal Oak Oakland -8.2 -5,3484 St. Clair Shores Macomb -7.4 -5,0115 Taylor Wayne -7.0 -4,9436 Pontiac Oakland -6.8 -4,8297 Highland Park Wayne -16.8 -3,3758 Roseville Macomb -6.4 -3,2839 Wynandotte Wayne -9.5 -2,93210 Redford Wayne -5.1 -2,765
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