43
Universities Total No. State Universities 298 Deemed to be Universities 130 Central Universities 44 Private Universities 148 Colleges 45,000 Total Universities today 636
∗ University Grants Commission (UGC) ∗ All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) ∗ Medical Council of India (MCI) ∗ Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) ∗ National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) ∗ Dental Council of India (DCI) ∗ Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) ∗ Indian Nursing Council (INC) ∗ Bar Council of India (BCI) ∗ Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) ∗ Central Council for Indian Medicine (CCIM) ∗ Distance Education Council (DEC) ∗ Rehabilitation Council ∗ State Councils of Higher Education
Regulating Authorities
∗To guide Govt. about policies and direct reforms
∗Focusing on key areas: ∗ Education ∗ S & T ∗Agriculture ∗ Industry ∗ e-governance etc.
National Knowledge Commission (NKC) (2005-08)
∗Core Concerns: ∗Easy access to knowledge ∗Creation and Preservation of
knowledge systems ∗Dissemination of knowledge ∗Better knowledge Services
National Knowledge Commission (NKC)
‘Create many more universities’
around 1500 universities nationwide by 2015 To enable India to attain a gross enrolment
ratio of at least 15%
One important recommendation of NKC
∗The Government contributes - Five Year Plans.
∗ 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) is under drafting. ∗Private sector play a pivotal role in the
growth of higher education in India – in No. of institutions and students enrollment.
∗Distance education has also emerged as a cost-effective manner of enhancing higher education.
Govt. efforts
∗High quality research has put India in the forefront in the developing world
∗Every year about 10000 – 12000 Ph. D. degrees are awarded
Indian Research Scenario
∗ IndCat (Online Union Catalogue of Indian Universities)
∗ ShodhGangotri: Repository of Indian Research in Progress
∗Association of Indian Universities (AIU) – “Bibliography of Doctoral Dissertations”. ∗ A column of ‘University News’ publishes Research in
Progress
∗DELNET’s Theses and Dissertations Database
Initiatives for Accessibility
Database No. of Records No of
Universities Books 1,28,04,667 157 Theses 2,53,312 287 Serials 33,184 213
IndCat: Online Union Catalogue of Indian Universities (INFLIBNET)
∗“Shodh” means “research and discovery”. ∗Gangotri” is origin of the Ganges in the
Himalayas the holiest, longest and largest of rivers in India.
The Ganges is the symbol of age-long culture, civilization, ever-aging, ever-flowing, ever-
loving and loved by its people.
ShodhGangotri
Theses and Dissertations database consists of 70,293 records
Developing Library Network (DELNET)
∗Shows 31 Theses Repositories ∗However, most of them include
mix type of records and only a few are exclusively devoted to ETDs
Directory of Open Access Repositories
∗Meaning 'Treasure of Knowledge' in Sanskrit ∗ Exclusively ETD repository – considered as
India's premier ETDs (Doctoral Theses) Repository
∗A project to host individual full-text thesis from various universities at University of Mysore, in collaboration with NISSAT and Ford Foundation
Vidyanidhi
∗Contribution to Project was voluntary, so includes ∗Database of only 5482 Ph. D. Theses.
Vidyanidhi Contd…
∗All the collection is retro-conversion of limited collection of limited universities.
∗Most of the collection is quite old and from 1 – 2 Universities.
∗After completion of project not updated and maintained.
∗Moreover, now it is not accessible.
Analysis
Year No. of ETDs 2011 1 2010 1 2007 1 2006 3 2005 22 2004 70 2003 110 2002 191 2001 133 Total 532
Table 1: Year wise coverage of Theses in Vidyanidhi
∗ First unified effort to host all the Ph. D. Theses submitted and accepted in the Indian Universities.
∗UGC Notification (Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil./ Ph. D. Degree, Regulation, 2009) dated 1st June 2009 mandated the submission of electronic version of theses and dissertations.
UGC’s Shodhganga Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertation Repository
∗INFLIBNET Centre - Hosting, Maintaining and making Shodhganga Accessible. ∗Hosts 8800+ ETDs ∗Aids financially for Retro-conversion
of Theses
Responsibility
∗Maximum ETDs are retro-conversions. ∗A few Universities are major Contributors. ∗ In Repository Date of submission is given
actually theses are old. ∗ For current submission Universities must sign
MOU, only 133/636 universities have signed. ∗Hope soon current ETDs will be available.
Analysis
∗ ‘Krishi’ means ‘Agriculture’ ∗ ‘Prabha’ means ‘morning’ or ’beginning’ of the
day.
Being 1st project in Agricultural discipline in India, titled KrishiPrabha.
∗ Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) sponsored theses digitization project.
KrishiPrabha
∗Portal for old and valuable documents including Theses of various agriculture universities.
∗All the uploaded ETDs are the retro-
conversions.
KrishiKosh
Name No of items
Comments
Indian Institute of Science http://etd.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/
2165 Retro-conversion
IIT Kanpur http://172.28.64.70:8080/dspace/
9289 Mix
Retro-conversion
Thapar University http://dspace.thapar.edu:8080/dspace/community-list
2210 Retro-conversion
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala http://mgutheses.org/
1448 Retro-conversion
University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad http://etd.uasd.edu/
1352 Retro-conversion
Other ETD repositories
Other ETD repositories Contd…
Digital Repository of Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/handle/purl/1
1287 Retro-conversion
Saurashtra University http://etheses.saurashtrauniversity.edu/view/year/
1000+ Retro + Current 2000-2013
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/view/type/thesis.html
174 Retro-conversion
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda http://14.139.121.106:8080/jspui/handle/1/219
97 No Downloading
Indian Institute of Astrophysics http://prints.iiap.res.in/
95 Retro-conversion
∗UGC Regulation 2005: Submission of Metadata and Full-text of Doctoral Theses in Electronic Format as early as 2005 and also recommended for creation of ‘Indian National Theses Database (INTED)’
∗Were not mandatory for the universities or
scholars, so not much could be done
ETD submissions Policies
∗ INFLIBNET created ‘Shodhganga’ ∗ Issued guidelines for ETD submission.
Analysis ∗ Issues like Copyright, Bibliographic Format to
follow, Templates preparation etc. left upto the respective universities to decide.
∗Universities in confusion & reluctant.
Results of Regulations
∗Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil./ Ph. D. Degree. ∗mandatory condition of submission of
electronic version of theses and dissertations in ‘Shodhganga’
∗Universities to sign MOU. ∗Universities are slow in making necessary
amendments in Ph. D. ordinances and take adequate decisions for accepting ETDs.
UGC Regulation, 2009
∗Recommended establishment of ETD Repository in each core member Institution viz. IITs, NITs etc.
∗ Initiated Retrospective digitization of retrospective theses and dissertation
∗Prepared guidelines on the ETDs
INDEST-AICTE Consortium (Indian National Digital Library in Engineering & Technology)
∗Who should initiate, execute and maintain the ETDs – Library/ Academic/ Examination Branch of University
∗ Few Universities accepting ETDs in CDs rather than Online.
∗Uncertainty in faculty to ensure quality and originality.
∗No mention of Online Review & Evaluation
Undecided Issues
∗ Copyright issue left on Universities ∗Uncertainty about the software required ∗No plan for long time preservation ∗Researchers are unaware of how to create
ETDs ∗ Training needed for researchers to create
metadata.
Undecided Issues
∗ Indian Universities are more engaged in Retro-conversion of theses rather than starting accepting fresh ETDs
∗ Digitizing without any appropriate selection of theses.
∗ Internet connectivity needs to be strengthen.
∗Sufficient infrastructure needs to provided for ETD creation.
Conclusion
∗Awareness & Training programs required. ∗Librarian needs to plan for long term
preservation of ETDs. ∗Hope that more libraries will sign
MOU with INFLIBNET and start accepting & Depositing ETDs.
Conclusion Contd…
