©Centro de Informática da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane The Role of Internet Exchanges Américo...

©Centro de Informática da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane

The Role of Internet Exchanges

Américo [email protected]

25 September 2005


OutlineOutline

IXP Driving force Technology Economics Organization and politics Operations


The role of IXPs todayThe Internet would not exist without

agreements to exchange traffic!!!Competitor ISPs must co-operate to serve

their clientsTwo main forms of traffic exchange:

Transit – sell access to all destinations in routing table

Peering – access to each other’s customersLack of peering has cascading effects – eg

many African websites are hosted offshore!


Internetworking


Why XPs?

Multiple service providersEach with Internet connectivity

InternetInternet

AA BB


Why XPs?

Is not cost effectiveBackhaul issue causes cost to both

parties

InternetInternet

AA BB


The Internet without peering


Why IXPs?

Domestic Interconnection

InternetInternet

AA BB


Interconnection is the Keystone of Internet Economy

Efficient interconnections are necessary for new revenue opportunities and the Internet to thrive.

• Bandwidth savings

• Improved service quality

• New revenue opportunities

Driving Forces


Peering and TransitThere exists two different types of interconnections; peering and transit.

Peering: is an interconnection business relationship whereby ISPs provide connectivity to each others´customers

Transit: is the business relationship whereby one ISP provides (usually sells) access to all destinations in its routing table


Layer 2 Solutions

Advantages Disadvantages

The ISPs control the traffic

ISP technicians need routing knowledge

IX staff does not need routing knowledge

Cheap for the IX operator

Scalable


2Layer 3 Solutions

Advantages

Disadvantages

The ISPs control the traffic

ISP technicians need routing knowledge

The ISP technicians do not need routing knowledge

Not scalable

Cheap for the ISPs

Trust is needed between IX operator and ISPs


An Internet is Exchange

Not more than this !


An IX has both technology, economy and managerial aspects

Deployment of IXP

• Topology

• Equipment

• Configure BGP

• Connect ISPs

Services

• Looking glass

• Monitoring tool

Training of ISPs

Evaluation of IXP

IX Webpage

Organization of IXP

• Ownership

• Management

• Business model

Financing of IXP

ISP Business Models

Brief Internet Market

analysis

Policy for connection

Guidelines for peering

IXP Maintenance

IXP Administration

• Responsibility

• Documentation

• Admin structure

Content - IX Webpage

Technology Economy Managerial


Contains also organizational aspects:

Organization of the IX

Financing of the IX

IX regulations:

- Policy

- Peering

- Transit

- QoS

IX Administration

Organization


Ownership of an IXOwnership Growth

potentialEase of initiation

Neutrality Competence level

University/Research

Low High High High

Non-profit ISP association

High Medium/Low

Medium High

Governemental/ Institutional

Low Medium High Low

Private ISP ownership

High High Low High

National PTOs (TDM)

Low Medium Low Low

Telehousing companies

High High Medium Medium


Financing of an IX

Start-up costs:

Project costs

Equipment

Hosting costs:

Space rental

Salary to staff

Electricity

Security

Other overhead costs

Continous costs:

Depreciation of

equipment

(IP Addresses)

Project funds Hosting org Institutions

Participating institutions pay a monthly fee to cover future costs.


Major issues for the African Internet

International bandwidth prices are biggest contributor to high costs

African users effectively subsidise international transit providers!

Fibre optic links are few and expensive reliance on satellite connectivity

High satellite latency slow speed, high pricesGrowth of Internet businesses is inhibited


The solution: IXPs for Africa

So far, 10 out of 53 countries have IXPs (2003 count)

More IXPs lower latency, lower costs, more usage

Both national and regional IXPs neededAlso needed: regional carriers, more fibre

optic infrastructure investment


Obstacles

Current providers (cable and satellite) have a lot to loose

Many of these have close links to regulators and governments

Regulatory regimes on the whole closed and resistant to change

Sometimes ISPs themselves are unwilling to co-operate


Existing IXPs South Africa - JINX Kenya – KIXP Mozambique – MozIX DRC – PdX Egypt – CR-IX Nigeria – IBIX Tanzania – TIX Uganda – UIXP Swaziland – SZIX Rwanda - RINEX Namibia – NamibIX Exchanges are in formation in:

Ghana – GIX Zambia Malawi Botswana Senegal Benin


Solutions

Education and lobbying!Players: AFRISPA, AFIX-TF, CATIA,

AFNOG, TSLAB/KTHLinks:

Afrispa http://www.afrispa.org/ AFIX-TF http://afix.afrispa.org/ TSLAB/KTH http://csd.ssvl.kth.se/CATIA http://catia.ws/

http://www.afrispa.org/

http://afix.afrispa.org/

http://csd.ssvl.kth.se/

http://catia.ws/

http://catia.ws/

http://catia.ws/


The Mozambique IX project

MOZ-IX

TDM

Virconn

Dataserv

CFMNet

Tropical Net Satellite dish

CloudTV CaboSatellite dish

Downlink 2Mbps Inter

net

CloudInternet

Cloud

CIUEM

Teledata

Cloud

Satellite dish

Satellite dishInternet

Internet

1024/512 kbps

Cloud

Satellite dish

Internet

CloudInternet

Downlink

Satellite dish

Com. Sol.

Status: Connected

Status: Physical connection on its way

5/1,5 Mbps

1 Mbps

128 kbps

512 kbps

256 kbps

64 kbps

64 kbps

256 kbps


28

The Present topology of MOZ-IX

Dataserv

Dataserv

GS Telecom SATCOM

IntraDataserv

Solucoes

Microsys

EMILNet


Obrigado

Date post:	19-Dec-2015
Category:	Documents
View:	216 times
Download:	2 times

©Centro de Informática da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane The Role of Internet Exchanges Américo...

Documents