Century Canning vs CA and Palad

8/10/2019 Century Canning vs CA and Palad

1/21

SECOND DIVISION

CENTURY CANNING

CORPORATION,

Petitioner,

- versus -

COURT OF APPEALS and

GLORIA C. PALAD,

Respondents.

G.R. No. 152894

Present:

QUISUMBING,J.,

Chairperson,

CARPIO,

CARPIO MORA!S,

"INGA, and

#!ASCO, $R.,JJ.

Pro%u&'ated:

Au'ust (), *++)


2/21

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

D E C I S I O N

CARPIO,J.:

T! Ca"!

"his is a petition or revie(/(0 o the 1e2ision*/*0 dated (* Nove%3er *++(

and the Reso&ution dated 4 Apri& *++* o the Court o Appea&s in CA-G.R. SP No.

5+6)7.

T! Fa#$"

On (4 $u&8 (77), Centur8 Cannin' Corporation 9petitioner hired G&oria C.

Pa&ad 9Pa&ad as ;ish 2&eaner< at petitioner=s tuna and sardines a2tor8. Pa&ad

(/(0 Under Ru&e >4 o the (77) Ru&es o Civi& Pro2edure.

* /*0 Penned 38 Asso2iate $usti2e !&vi $ohn S. Asun2ion ith Asso2iate $usti2es Ro%eo A.

Braner and $uan Q. !nri?ue@, $r., 2on2urrin'.


3/21

si'ned on () $u&8 (77) an apprenti2eship a'ree%ent6/60 ith petitioner. Pa&ad

re2eived an apprenti2e a&&oan2e o P(6.)4 dai&8. On *4 $u&8 (77), petitioner

su3%itted its apprenti2eship pro'ra% or approva& to the "e2hni2a& !du2ation and

Si&&s 1eve&op%ent Authorit8 9"!S1A o the 1epart%ent o a3or and

!%p&o8%ent 91O!. On *5 Septe%3er (77), the "!S1A approved petitioner=s

apprenti2eship pro'ra%.>/>0

A22ordin' to petitioner, a peror%an2e eva&uation as 2ondu2ted on (4

Nove%3er (77), here petitioner 'ave Pa&ad a ratin' o N.I. or ;needsi%prove%ent< sin2e she s2ored on&8 *).)4 3ased on a (++ peror%an2e

indi2ator. Durther%ore, a22ordin' to the peror%an2e eva&uation, Pa&ad in2urred

nu%erous tardiness and a3sen2es. As a 2onse?uen2e, petitioner issued a

ter%ination noti2e4/40 dated ** Nove%3er (77) to Pa&ad, inor%in' her o her

ter%ination ee2tive at the 2&ose o 3usiness hours o * Nove%3er (77).

Pa&ad then i&ed a 2o%p&aint or i&&e'a& dis%issa&, underpa8%ent o a'es,

and non-pa8%ent o pro-rated (6th%onth pa8 or the 8ear (77).

6 /60 CA rollo, pp. 4)-4.

> />0 Id. at 56.

4 /40 Id. at 47.


4/21

On *4 De3ruar8 (777, the a3or Ar3iter dis%issed the 2o%p&aint or &a2 o

%erit 3ut ordered petitioner to pa8 Pa&ad her &ast sa&ar8 and her pro-rated (6 th

%onth pa8. "he dispositive portion o the a3or Ar3iter=s de2ision reads:

EF!R!DOR!, pre%ises 2onsidered, ud'%ent is here38 rendered

de2&arin' that the 2o%p&aint or i&&e'a& dis%issa& i&ed 38 the 2o%p&ainant a'ainst

the respondents in the a3ove-entit&ed 2ase shou&d 3e, as it is here38 1ISMISS!1

or &a2 o %erit. Foever, the respondents are here38 ordered to pa8 the2o%p&ainant the a%ount o ON! "FOUSAN1 SIH FUN1R!1 "FIR"-"EO

P!SOS 9P(,56*.++, representin' her &ast sa&ar8 and the a%ount o S!#!N

"FOUSAN1 "EO FUN1R!1 "E!N" !IGF" 9P),**.++ P!SOSrepresentin' her prorated (6th%onth pa8.

A&& other issues are &ieise dis%issed.

SO OR1!R!1.5/50

On appea&, the Nationa& a3or Re&ations Co%%ission 9NRC air%ed ith

%odii2ation the a3or Ar3iter=s de2ision, thus:

EF!R!DOR!, pre%ises 2onsidered, the de2ision o the Ar3iter dated *4

De3ruar8 (777 is here38 MO1IDI!1 in that, in addition, respondents are ordered

to pa8 2o%p&ainant=s 3a2a'es or to 9* %onths in the a%ount o P),()5.++9P(6.)4 *5 * %os.. A&& other dispositions o the Ar3iter as appearin' in the

dispositive portion o his de2ision are ADDIRM!1.

SO OR1!R!1.)/)0

5 /50 Id. at 6*-66.

) /)0 Id. at >*.


5/21

Upon denia& o Pa&ad=s %otion or re2onsideration, Pa&ad i&ed a spe2ia& 2ivi&

a2tion or certiorariith the Court o Appea&s. On (* Nove%3er *++(, the Court

o Appea&s rendered a de2ision, the dispositive portion o hi2h reads:

EF!R!DOR!, in vie o the ore'oin', the ?uestioned de2ision o the NRC is

here38 S!" ASI1! and a ne one entered, to it:

9a indin' the dis%issa& o petitioner to 3e i&&e'a&J

93 orderin' private respondent to pa8 petitioner her underpa8%ent in

a'esJ

92 orderin' private respondent to reinstate petitioner to her or%erposition ithout &oss o seniorit8 ri'hts and to pa8 her u&& 3a2a'es

2o%puted ro% the ti%e 2o%pensation as ithhe&d ro% her up to the

ti%e o her reinstate%entJ9d orderin' private respondent to pa8 petitioner attorne8=s ees e?uiva&ent

to ten 9(+ per 2ent o the %onetar8 aard hereinJ and

9e orderin' private respondent to pa8 the 2osts o the suit.

SO OR1!R!1./0

T! R%&'n( o) $! Co%*$ o) A++!a&"

"he Court o Appea&s he&d that the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent hi2h Pa&ad

si'ned as not va&id and 3indin' 3e2ause it as ee2uted %ore than to %onths3eore the "!S1A approved petitioner=s apprenti2eship pro'ra%. "he Court o

Appea&s 2itedNitto Enterprises v. National Labor Relations Commission,7/70

/0 Rollo, p. *7.

7 /70 G.R. No. ((>66), *7 Septe%3er (774, *> SCRA 54>.


6/21

here it as he&d that prior approva& 38 the 1O! o the proposed apprenti2eship

pro'ra% is a 2onditionsine qua non3eore an apprenti2eship a'ree%ent 2an 3e

va&id&8 entered into.

"he Court o Appea&s a&so he&d that petitioner i&&e'a&&8 dis%issed Pa&ad. "he

Court o Appea&s ru&ed that petitioner ai&ed to sho that Pa&ad as proper&8

apprised o the re?uired standard o peror%an2e. "he Court o Appea&s &ieise

he&d that Pa&ad as not aorded due pro2ess 3e2ause petitioner did not 2o%p&8

ith the tin re?uire%ents o noti2e and hearin'.

T! I""%!"

Petitioner raises the o&&oin' issues:

(.

EF!"F!R "F! COUR" OD APP!AS COMMI""!1 R!#!RSIB!!RROR IN FO1ING "FA" PRI#A"! R!SPON1!N" EAS NO" AN

APPR!N"IC!J and

*. EF!"F!R "F! COUR" OD APP!AS COMMI""!1 R!#!RSIB!!RROR IN FO1ING "FA" P!"I"ION!R FA1 NO" A1!QUA"!


7/21

PRO#!N "F! !HIS"!NC! OD A #AI1 CAUS! IN "!RMINA"ING

"F! S!R#IC! OD PRI#A"! R!SPON1!N".(+/(+0

T! R%&'n( o) $! Co%*$

"he petition is ithout %erit.

Registration and Approval by the TESDA of Apprenticeship Program Required

efore !iring of Apprentices

"he a3or Code deines an apprenti2e as a orer ho is 2overed 38 a

ritten apprenti2eship a'ree%ent ith an e%p&o8er.((/((0 One o the o3e2tives o

"it&e II 9"rainin' and !%p&o8%ent o Spe2ia& Eorers o the a3or Code is to

esta3&ish apprenti2eship standards or the prote2tion o apprenti2es.(*/(*0 In &ine

ith this o3e2tive, Arti2&es 5+ and 5( o the a3or Code provide:

(+ /(+0 Rollo, p. )+.

(( /((0 Arti2&e 493 o the a3or Code.

(* /(*0 Arti2&e 4)96 o the a3or Code.


8/21

AR". 5+.Employment of apprentices. K On& !-+&o!*" 'n $! '(& $!#n'#a&'nd%"$*'!" -a !-+&o a++*!n$'#!" and on& 'n a++*!n$'#!a&! o##%+a$'on"

a++*o/!d $! 0'n'"$!* o) Lao* and E-+&o-!n$. 9!%phasis supp&ied

AR". 5(. Contents of apprenticeship agreements. K Apprenti2eship a'ree%ents,in2&udin' the a'e rates o apprenti2es, sha&& 2onor% to the ru&es issued 38 the

Minister o a3or and !%p&o8%ent. "he period o apprenti2eship sha&& not e2eed

si %onths. A++*!n$'#!"'+ a(*!!-!n$" +*o/'d'n( )o* a(! *a$!" !&o $!

&!(a& -'n'-%- a(!, '# 'n no #a"! "a&& "$a*$ !&o 5 +!*#!n$ o) $!

a++&'#a&! -'n'-%- a(!, -a ! !n$!*!d 'n$o on& 'n a##o*dan#! '$

a++*!n$'#!"'+ +*o(*a-" d%& a++*o/!d $! 0'n'"$!* o) Lao* and

E-+&o-!n$. "he Ministr8 sha&& deve&op standard %ode& pro'ra%s oapprenti2eship. 9!%phasis supp&ied

InNitto Enterprises v. National Labor Relations Commission,(6/(60 the

Court 2ited Arti2&e 5( o the a3or Code and he&d that an apprenti2eship pro'ra%

shou&d irst 3e approved 38 the 1O! 3eore an apprenti2e %a8 3e hired,

otherise the person hired i&& 3e 2onsidered a re'u&ar e%p&o8ee. "he Court he&d:

In the 2ase at 3en2h, the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent 3eteen petitioner and private

respondent as ee2uted on Ma8 *, (77+ a&&e'ed&8 e%p&o8in' the &atter as an

apprenti2e in the trade o ;2are %aerL%o&der.< On the sa%e date, anapprenti2eship pro'ra% as prepared 38 petitioner and su3%itted to the

1epart%ent o a3or and !%p&o8%ent. Foever, the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent

as i&ed on&8 on $une ), (77+. Notithstandin' the a3sen2e o approva& 38 the1epart%ent o a3or and !%p&o8%ent, the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent as

enor2ed the da8 it as si'ned.

Based on the eviden2e 3eore us, petitioner did not 2o%p&8 ith the re?uire%ents

o the &a. I$ '" -anda$!d $a$ a++*!n$'#!"'+ a(*!!-!n$" !n$!*!d 'n$o $!

!-+&o!* and a++*!n$'#! "a&& ! !n$!*!d on& 'n a##o*dan#! '$ $!

a++*!n$'#!"'+ +*o(*a- d%& a++*o/!d $! 0'n'"$!* o) Lao* and

E-+&o-!n$.

(6 /(60 Supra note 7.


9/21

P*'o* a++*o/a& $! D!+a*$-!n$ o) Lao* and E-+&o-!n$ o) $!

+*o+o"!d a++*!n$'#!"'+ +*o(*a- '", $!*!)o*!, a #ond'$'on sine qua non

!)o*! an a++*!n$'#!"'+ a(*!!-!n$ #an ! /a&'d& !n$!*!d 'n$o.

"he a2t o i&in' the proposed apprenti2eship pro'ra% ith the 1epart%ent o

a3or and !%p&o8%ent is a pre&i%inar8 step toards its ina& approva& and does

not instantaneous&8 'ive rise to an e%p&o8er-apprenti2e re&ationship.

Arti2&e 4) o the a3or Code provides that the State ai%s to ;esta3&ish a nationa&apprenti2eship pro'ra% throu'h the parti2ipation o e%p&o8ers, orers and

'overn%ent and non-'overn%ent a'en2ies< and ;to esta3&ish apprenti2eship

standards or the prote2tion o apprenti2es.< "o trans&ate su2h o3e2tives into

eisten2e, prior approva& o the 1O! to an8 apprenti2eship pro'ra% has to 3ese2ured as a 2onditionsine qua non3eore an8 su2h apprenti2eship a'ree%ent 2an

3e u&&8 enor2ed. "he ro&e o the 1O! in apprenti2eship pro'ra%s and

a'ree%ents 2annot 3e de3ased.

Fen2e, sin2e the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent 3eteen petitioner and private

respondent has no or2e and ee2t in the a3sen2e o a va&id apprenti2eshippro'ra% du&8 approved 38 the 1O!, private respondent=s assertion that he as

hired not as an apprenti2e 3ut as a de&iver8 3o8 9;ar'ador< or ;pahinante/(>0

Repu3&i2 A2t No. ))75(4/(40 9RA ))75, hi2h 2reated the "!S1A, has

transerred the authorit8 over apprenti2eship pro'ra%s ro% the Bureau o o2a&

!%p&o8%ent o the 1O! to the "!S1A.(5/(50 RA ))75 e%phasi@es "!S1A=s

(> /(>0 Id. at 55+-55(.

(4 /(40 Otherise non as the "!S1A A2t o (77>.

(5 /(50 Se2tions 4 and ( o RA ))75 provide:

S!C. 4. Technical Education and Sills !evelopment "uthority# Creation. K "o

i%p&e%ent the po&i28 de2&ared in this A2t, $!*! '" !*! #*!a$!d a T!#n'#a& Ed%#a$'on and

S3'&&" D!/!&o+-!n$ A%$o*'$ TESDA, !*!'na)$!* *!)!**!d $o a" $! A%$o*'$, '# "a&&

*!+&a#! and a"o*the Nationa& Manpoer and outh Coun2i& 9NMC, the Bureau o "e2hni2a&

and #o2ationa& !du2ation 9B"#! and the personne& and un2tions pertainin' to te2hni2a&-

vo2ationa& edu2ation in the re'iona& oi2es o the 1epart%ent o !du2ation, Cu&ture and Sports

91!CS and $! a++*!n$'#!"'+ +*o(*a- o) $! 6%*!a% o) Lo#a& E-+&o-!n$ o) $!

D!+a*$-!n$ o) Lao* and E-+&o-!n$. 9!%phasis supp&ied


10/21

approva& o the apprenti2eship pro'ra% as a pre-re?uisite or the hirin' o

apprenti2es. Su2h intent is 2&ear under Se2tion > o RA ))75:

S!C. >.!efinition of Terms. K As used in this A2t:

7A++*!n$'#!"'+trainin' ithin e%p&o8%ent ith 2o%pu&sor8 re&atedtheoreti2a& instru2tions invo&vin' a #on$*a#$ !$!!n an a++*!n$'#! and an!-+&o!* on an a++*o/!d a++*!n$'#!a&! o##%+a$'onJ

7A++*!n$'#! is a person under'oin' $*a'n'n( )o* an a++*o/!d

a++*!n$'#!a&! o##%+a$'ondurin' an esta3&ished period assured 38 anapprenti2eship a'ree%entJ

& 7A++*!n$'#! A(*!!-!n$is a 2ontra2t herein a prospe2tive e%p&o8er 3indshi%se& to train the apprenti2e ho in turn a22epts the ter%s o $*a'n'n( )o* a

*!#o(n'!d a++*!n$'#!a&! o##%+a$'on !-+a"''n( $! *'($", d%$'!" and

*!"+on"''&'$'!" o) !a# +a*$J

% 7A++*!n$'#!a&! O##%+a$'on< is an o22upation oi2ia&&8 endorsed 38 a

tripartite 3od8 and a++*o/!d )o* a++*!n$'#!"'+ $! A%$o*'$ TESDA;J9!%phasis supp&ied

S!C. (. Transfer of the "pprenticeship $rogram. KT! A++*!n$'#!"'+P*o(*a- o) $! 6%*!a% o) Lo#a& E-+&o-!n$ o) $! D!+a*$-!n$ o) Lao*

and E-+&o-!n$ "a&& ! $*an")!**!d $o $! A%$o*'$ TESDA;hi2h sha&&

i%p&e%ent and ad%inister said pro'ra% in a22ordan2e ith eistin' &as, ru&es

and re'u&ations. 9!%phasis supp&ied


11/21

In this 2ase, the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent as entered into 3eteen the

parties 3eore petitioner i&ed its apprenti2eship pro'ra% ith the "!S1A or

approva&. Petitioner and Pa&ad ee2uted the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent on () $u&8

(77) herein it as stated that the trainin' ou&d start on () $u&8 (77) and ou&d

end approi%ate&8 in 1e2e%3er (77).()/()0 On *4 $u&8 (77), petitioner su3%itted

or approva& its apprenti2eship pro'ra%, hi2h the "!S1A su3se?uent&8 approved

on *5 Septe%3er (77).(/(0 C&ear&8, the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent as enor2ed

even 3eore the "!S1A approved petitioner=s apprenti2eship pro'ra%. "hus, the

apprenti2eship a'ree%ent is void 3e2ause it &a2ed prior approva& ro% the

"!S1A.

"he "!S1A=s approva& o the e%p&o8er=s apprenti2eship pro'ra% is

re?uired 3eore the e%p&o8er is a&&oed to hire apprenti2es. Prior approva& ro%

the "!S1A is ne2essar8 to ensure that on&8 e%p&o8ers in the hi'h&8 te2hni2a&

industries %a8 e%p&o8 apprenti2es and on&8 in apprenti2ea3&e o22upations.(7/(70

"hus, under RA ))75, e%p&o8ers 2an on&8 hire apprenti2es or apprenti2ea3&e

o22upations hi2h %ust 3e oi2ia&&8 endorsed 38 a tripartite 3od8 and approved

or apprenti2eship 38 the "!S1A. "his is to ensure the prote2tion o apprenti2es

and to o3viate possi3&e a3uses 38 prospe2tive e%p&o8ers ho %a8 ant to tae

advanta'e o the &oer a'e rates or apprenti2es and 2ir2u%vent the ri'ht o the

e%p&o8ees to 3e se2ure in their e%p&o8%ent.

() /()0 CA rollo, p. 4).

( /(0 Id. at 56.

(7 /(70 See Arti2&e 5+ o the a3or Code.


12/21


13/21

Sin2e Pa&ad is not 2onsidered an apprenti2e 3e2ause the apprenti2eship

a'ree%ent as enor2ed 3eore the "!S1A=s approva& o petitioner=s

apprenti2eship pro'ra%, Pa&ad is dee%ed a re'u&ar e%p&o8ee peror%in' the o3 o

a ;ish 2&eaner.< C&ear&8, the o3 o a ;ish 2&eaner< is ne2essar8 in petitioner=s

3usiness as a tuna and sardines a2tor8. Under Arti2&e *+*(/*(0 o the a3or Code,

an e%p&o8%ent is dee%ed re'u&ar here the e%p&o8ee has 3een en'a'ed to

peror% a2tivities hi2h are usua&&8 ne2essar8 or desira3&e in the usua& 3usiness ortrade o the e%p&o8er.

No !n$!*+*'"! "a&& ! a&&o!d $o '*! a++*!n$'#!" %n&!"" '$" a++*!n$'#!"'+ +*o(*a-

'" *!('"$!*!d and a++*o/!d TESDA.

F. Apprenti2eship A'ree%ent

No apprenti2eship trainin' i&& 2o%%en2e unti& an Apprenti2eship A'ree%ent has 3een

or'ed 3eteen an enterprise and an apprenti2e. 9!%phasis supp&ied

*( /*(0 Arti2&e *+ o the a3or Code reads:

ART. 28>.Regular and casual employment. %"he provisions o ritten a'ree%ent to

the 2ontrar8 notithstandin' and re'ard&ess o the ora& a'ree%ents o the parties, an !-+&o-!n$

"a&& ! d!!-!d $o ! *!(%&a* !*! $! !-+&o!! a" !!n !n(a(!d $o +!*)o*- a#$'/'$'!"

'# a*! %"%a&& n!#!""a* o* d!"'*a&! 'n $! %"%a& %"'n!"" o* $*ad! o) $! !-+&o!*

e2ept here the e%p&o8%ent has 3een ied or a spe2ii2 proe2t or undertain', the 2o%p&etion

or ter%ination o hi2h has 3een deter%ined at the ti%e o the en'a'e%ent o the e%p&o8ee orhere the or or servi2e to 3e peror%ed is seasona& in nature and the e%p&o8%ent is or the

duration o the season.

An e%p&o8%ent sha&& 3e dee%ed to 3e 2asua& i it is not 2overed 38 the pre2edin'

para'raph: Provided, "hat an8 e%p&o8ee ho has rendered at &east one 8ear o servi2e, hethersu2h servi2e is 2ontinuous or 3roen, sha&& 3e 2onsidered a re'u&ar e%p&o8ee ith respe2t to the

a2tivit8 in hi2h he is e%p&o8ed and his e%p&o8%ent sha&& 2ontinue hi&e su2h a2tivit8 eists.

9!%phasis supp&ied


14/21

"llegal Termination of Palad

Ee sha&& no reso&ve hether petitioner i&&e'a&&8 dis%issed Pa&ad.

Under Arti2&e *)7**/**0 o the a3or Code, an e%p&o8er %a8 ter%inate the

servi2es o an e%p&o8ee or ust 2auses*6/*60 or or authori@ed 2auses.*>/*>0

Durther%ore, under Arti2&e *))93*4/*40 o the a3or Code, the e%p&o8er %ust

** /**0 AR". *)7. Security of Tenure. K In 2ases o re'u&ar e%p&o8%ent, the e%p&o8er

sha&& not ter%inate the servi2es o an e%p&o8ee e2ept or a ust 2ause or hen authori@ed

38 this "it&e. An e%p&o8ee ho is unust&8 dis%issed ro% or sha&& 3e entit&ed toreinstate%ent ithout &oss o seniorit8 ri'hts and other privi&e'es and to his u&&

3a2a'es, in2&usive o a&&oan2es, and to his other 3eneits or their %onetar8 e?uiva&ent

2o%puted ro% the ti%e his 2o%pensation as ithhe&d ro% hi% up to the ti%e o hisa2tua& reinstate%ent.

*6 /*60 AR". **. Termination by employer. K An e%p&o8er %a8 ter%inate an

e%p&o8%ent or an8 o the o&&oin' 2auses:

9a Serious %is2ondu2t or i&&u& diso3edien2e 38 the e%p&o8ee o the

&au& orders o his e%p&o8er or representative in 2onne2tion ith his orJ93 Gross and ha3itua& ne'&e2t 38 the e%p&o8ee o his dutiesJ

92 Draud or i&&u& 3rea2h 38 the e%p&o8ee o the trust reposed in hi% 38

his e%p&o8er or du&8 authori@ed representativeJ9d Co%%ission o a 2ri%e or oense 38 the e%p&o8ee a'ainst the person

o his e%p&o8er or an8 i%%ediate %e%3er o his a%i&8 or his du&8 authori@ed

representativeJ and9e Other 2auses ana&o'ous to the ore'oin'.

*> /*>0 AR". *6. Closure of establishment and reduction of personnel. K "he e%p&o8er

%a8 a&so ter%inate the e%p&o8%ent o an8 e%p&o8ee due to the insta&&ation o &a3or

savin' devi2es, redundan28, retren2h%ent to prevent &osses or the 2&osin' or 2essation ooperation o the esta3&ish%ent or undertain' un&ess the 2&osin' is or the purpose o

2ir2u%ventin' the provisions o this "it&e .

*4 /*40 AR". *)).&iscellaneous provisions. K


15/21

send the e%p&o8ee ho is a3out to 3e ter%inated, a ritten noti2e statin' the

2auses or ter%ination and %ust 'ive the e%p&o8ee the opportunit8 to 3e heard and

to deend hi%se&. "hus, to 2onstitute va&id dis%issa& ro% e%p&o8%ent, to

re?uisites %ust 2on2ur: 9( the dis%issa& %ust 3e or a ust or authori@ed 2auseJ and

9* the e%p&o8ee %ust 3e aorded an opportunit8 to 3e heard and to deend

hi%se&.*5/*50

In this 2ase, the a3or Ar3iter he&d that petitioner ter%inated Pa&ad or

ha3itua& a3senteeis% and poor ei2ien28 o peror%an2e. Under Se2tion *4, Ru&e#I, Boo II o the I%p&e%entin' Ru&es o the a3or Code, ha3itua& a3senteeis%

and poor ei2ien28 o peror%an2e are a%on' the va&id 2auses or hi2h the

e%p&o8er %a8 ter%inate the apprenti2eship a'ree%ent ater the pro3ationar8

period.

93 Su3e2t to the 2onstitutiona& ri'ht o orers to se2urit8 o tenure and their

ri'ht to 3e prote2ted a'ainst dis%issa& e2ept or a ust and authori@ed 2ause and ithoutpreudi2e to the re?uire%ent o noti2e under Arti2&e *6 o this Code,$! !-+&o!* "a&&)%*n'" $! o*3!* o"! !-+&o-!n$ '" "o%($ $o ! $!*-'na$!d a *'$$!n no$'#!

#on$a'n'n( a "$a$!-!n$ o) $! #a%"!" )o* $!*-'na$'on and "a&& a))o*d $! &a$$!*

a-+&! o++o*$%n'$ $o ! !a*d and $o d!)!nd '-"!&) '$ $! a""'"$an#! o) '"

*!+*!"!n$a$'/! ') ! "o d!"'*!" in a22ordan2e ith 2o%pan8 ru&es and re'u&ations

pro%u&'ated pursuant to 'uide&ines set 38 the 1epart%ent o a3or and !%p&o8%ent.An8 de2ision taen 38 the e%p&o8er sha&& 3e ithout preudi2e to the ri'ht o the orer

to 2ontest the va&idit8 or &e'a&it8 o his dis%issa& 38 i&in' a 2o%p&aint ith the re'iona&

3ran2h o the Nationa& a3or Re&ations Co%%ission. T! %*d!n o) +*o/'n( $a$ $!

$!*-'na$'on a" )o* a /a&'d o* a%$o*'!d #a%"! "a&& *!"$ on $! !-+&o!*.9!%phasis supp&ied

*5 /*50 Sippers 'nited $acific# (nc. v. &aguad, G.R. No. (55656, (4 Au'ust *++5, >7

SCRA 567.


16/21

Foever, the NRC reversed the indin' o the a3or Ar3iter on the issue

o the &e'a&it8 o Pa&ad=s ter%ination:

As to the va&idit8 o 2o%p&ainant=s dis%issa& in her status as an apprenti2e, sui2e

to state that the indin's o the Ar3iter that 2o%p&ainant as dis%issed due to

ai&ure to %eet the standards is ne3u&ous. Ehat 2&ear&8 appears is that2o%p&ainant a&read8 passed the pro3ationar8 status o the apprenti2eship

a'ree%ent o *++ hours at the ti%e she as ter%inated on * Nove%3er (77)

hi2h as a&read8 the ourth %onth o the apprenti2eship period o (+++ hours.As su2h, under the Code, she 2an on&8 3e dis%issed or 2ause, in this 2ase, or

poor ei2ien28 o peror%an2e on the o3 or in the 2&assroo% or a pro&on'ed

period despite arnin's du&8 'iven to the apprenti2e.

B! no$!d $a$ no #&!a* and "%))'#'!n$ !/'d!n#! !'"$ $o a**an$ !* d'"-'""a&a" an a++*!n$'#! d%*'n( $! a(*!!d +!*'od. 6!"'d!" $! a"!n#! o) an

*'$$!n a*n'n(" ('/!n $o #o-+&a'nan$ *!-'nd'n( !* o) 7+oo*

+!*)o*-an#!, *!"+ond!n$" !/'d!n#! 'n $'" *!"+!#$ #on"'"$!d o) an

'nd!#'+!*a&! o* %na%$!n$'#a$!d !*o o) $! +!*)o*-an#! !/a&%a$'on

a&&!(!d& #ond%#$!d on #o-+&a'nan$. T'" '" o) do%$)%& a%$!n$'#'$ ando*

#*!d''&'$, !'n( no$ on& 'n#o-+&!$! 'n $! "!n"! $a$ a++!a*'n( $!*!on '" a

"'(na$%*! no$ $a$ o) #o-+&a'nan$ "'d! "'d! '$ a da$! 'nd'#a$!d a"

711(->*.


17/21

Indeed, it appears that the a3or Ar3iter=s 2on2&usion that petitioner va&id&8

ter%inated Pa&ad as 3ased %ain&8 on the peror%an2e eva&uation a&&e'ed&8

2ondu2ted 38 petitioner. Foever, Pa&ad a&&e'es that she had no no&ed'e o the

peror%an2e eva&uation 2ondu2ted and that she as not even inor%ed o the resu&t

o the a&&e'ed peror%an2e eva&uation. Pa&ad a&so 2&ai%s she did not re2eive a

noti2e o dis%issa&, nor as she 'iven the 2han2e to ep&ain. A22ordin' to

petitioner, Pa&ad did not re2eive the ter%ination noti2e 3e2ause Pa&ad a&&e'ed&8

stopped reportin' or or ater 3ein' inor%ed o the resu&t o the eva&uation.

Under Arti2&e **) o the a3or Code, the e%p&o8er has the 3urden o

provin' that the ter%ination as or a va&id or authori@ed 2ause.*/*0 Petitioner

ai&ed to su3stantiate its 2&ai% that Pa&ad as ter%inated or va&id reasons. In a2t,

the NRC ound that petitioner ai&ed to prove the authenti2it8 o the peror%an2e

eva&uation hi2h petitioner 2&ai%s to have 2ondu2ted on Pa&ad, here Pa&ad

re2eived a peror%an2e ratin' o on&8 *).)4. Petitioner %ere&8 re&ies on the

peror%an2e eva&uation to prove Pa&ad=s inei2ien28. It as &ieise not shon

that petitioner ever apprised Pa&ad o the peror%an2e standards set 38 the

2o%pan8. Ehen the a&&e'ed va&id 2ause or the ter%ination o e%p&o8%ent is not

2&ear&8 proven, as in this 2ase, the &a 2onsiders the %atter a 2ase o i&&e'a&

dis%issa&.

*7

/*70

* /*0 &anly E)press# (nc. v. $ayong# Jr., G.R. No. (5)>5*, *4 O2to3er *++4, >)>

SCRA 6*6J&anila Electric Company *&ER"LC+, v. National Labor RelationsCommission#G.R. No. (46(+, * Septe%3er *++4, >57 SCRA 646.

*7 /*70 $hilippine National -an v. Cabansag, G.R. No. (4)+(+, *( $une *++4, >5+

SCRA 4(>.


18/21

Durther%ore, Pa&ad as not a22orded due pro2ess. !ven i petitioner did

2ondu2t a peror%an2e eva&uation on Pa&ad, petitioner ai&ed to arn Pa&ad o her

a&&e'ed poor peror%an2e. In a2t, Pa&ad denies an8 no&ed'e o the peror%an2e

eva&uation 2ondu2ted and o the resu&t thereo. Petitioner &ieise ad%its that

Pa&ad did not re2eive the noti2e o ter%ination6+/6+0 3e2ause Pa&ad a&&e'ed&8

stopped reportin' or or. "he re2ords are 3eret o eviden2e to sho that

petitioner ever 'ave Pa&ad the opportunit8 to ep&ain and deend herse&. C&ear&8,

the to re?uisites or a va&id dis%issa& are &a2in' in this 2ase.

6+ /6+0 "he ter%ination noti2e reads:

1A"!: NO#. **, (77)

GORIA C. PAA1

(+4 O" ( B. 5, PR. )B. "ANAG, "AGUIG, M!"RO MANIA

1ear Ms. PAA1,

Ater a thorou'h eva&uation o 8our or, attitude and peror%an2e, the

%ana'e%ent ound out that 8ou have 3een peror%in' 3e&o the standardesta3&ished 38 the 2o%pan8. As su2h, e re'ret to inor% 8ou that 8our

e%p&o8%ent sha&& 3e ter%inated ee2tive at the 2&ose o 3usiness hours o NO#.

*, (77).

P&ease pro2eed to the FR1 oi2e or 8our 2&earan2e.

NINA B. AGASRe2ruit%entLBeneits Supervisor

Noted 38:

B!RNAR1O O. $UNIO $R.

Fu%an Resour2es 1eve&op%ent Mana'er


19/21

B@EREFORE, e AFFIR0 the 1e2ision dated (* Nove%3er *++( and

the Reso&ution dated 4 Apri& *++* o the Court o Appea&s in CA-G.R. SP No.

5+6)7.

SO ORDERED.

ANTONIO T. CARPIO

Asso2iate $usti2e

BE CONCUR:

LEONARDO A. UISU06ING

Asso2iate $usti2e

Chairperson

CONC@ITA CARPIO 0ORALES DANTE O. TINGA


20/21

Asso2iate $usti2e Asso2iate $usti2e

PRES6ITERO H. VELASCO, HR.

Asso2iate $usti2e

ATTESTATION

I attest that the 2on2&usions in the a3ove 1e2ision had 3een rea2hed in

2onsu&tation 3eore the 2ase as assi'ned to the riter o the opinion o the Court=s1ivision.

LEONARDO A. UISU06ING

Asso2iate $usti2e

Chairperson

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to Se2tion (6, Arti2&e #III o the Constitution, and the 1ivision

Chairperson=s Attestation, I 2erti8 that the 2on2&usions in the a3ove 1e2ision had

3een rea2hed in 2onsu&tation 3eore the 2ase as assi'ned to the riter o the

opinion o the Court=s 1ivision.


21/21

REYNATO S. PUNO

Chie $usti2e

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Century Canning vs CA and Palad

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