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Birth-related brain injury
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Definition
Cerebral palsy is a medical
condition caused by brain injury
during pregnancy, childbirth orpost-birth.
Cerebral Palsy = Brain Paralysis.
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Classification
Cerebral palsy has traditionally been classified onthe basis of the type of motor disorder that occurs.
3 main categories of motor disorder, as follows:
1. Spastic (70-80%)-increased tone, or tension, in a
muscle.2. Dyskinetic (10-15%)- Fluctuations in muscle tone
between being too tight and too loose. The muscletone fluctuation often causes spasms. Athetoidcerebral palsy usually affects the whole body insteadof a particular region.
3. Ataxic (
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Causes
Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormaldevelopment or damage in one or more partsof the brain that control muscle tone and motoractivity (movement).
Certain hereditary and genetic conditions Complications during laborand delivery
Premature birth
Low birth weight (especially if less than 2
pounds at birth) Severejaundice after birth.
In many cases, the exact cause of the braindamage is never known.
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Symptoms
Delayed milestones such as controllinghead, rolling over, reaching with onehand, sitting without support, crawling,
or walking. weakness or abnormal muscle tone on
one side and abnormal movements,which may be an early sign of CP.
Skeletal Deformities,Seizures,SpeechVision and Hearing loss.
Dental Problems,Joint Contractures etc.
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Rehabilitation
There is no cure for cerebral palsy.
Depending upon the type of Cerebralpalsy,a variety of rehabilitation options forpeople and children with cerebral palsy.
Rehabs usually center on developing afew key areas of improvement includingphysical movement and coordination,speech, vision, and intellectual
development. Mostly they use a combination of physical
therapy, biofeedback, occupational andspeech therapy, drugs, and even surgery.
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Rehabilitation using Therapies
Help the individual with cerebral palsyreach his or hergreatest potentialphysically, mentally, and socially.
Activities and education to improveflexibility, strength, mobility, and functionwhich consist of a number of exercisesthat include stretching, strengthening, andpositioning.
Speech and language rehabilitationoften involve lengthy, lifetime therapyinvolving a speech therapist and severalelectronic and mechanical devices.
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Contd
Biofeedback is another common physicaltherapy that uses machines to concentrateon developing specific parts of the body.
The occupational therapist helps the
individual learn physical skills he or sheneeds to function and become asindependent as possible in everyday life.Examples are feeding, grooming, anddressing.
Other rehabilitation treatments for cerebralpalsy include drug therapy, such as Botoxinjections to relax over-tense muscles, sometypes of surgery such as Tenotomy.
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Rehabilitation Using Assistive
Devices
The physical therapy may also include externalaids such as wheelchairs, walkers, braces, andhow to use them for maximum mobility.
Therapeutic electrical stimulation (TES)treatment has been proven to add more musclefiber, but exercise and therapy must be used toteach the patient what to do with the newlystrengthened muscle tissue.
The rehabilitation treatments require repeatedvisits and usually the purchase of or use ofseveral types of equipment.
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Other Therapy
Many children with cerebral palsy, even thoseof average or above-average intelligence, arechallenged in cognitive processes such asthinking, learning, and memory.
Many children with cerebral palsy developemotional problems, behavior problems, orboth. They can benefit from sessions with apsychologist or counselor.
Personal computers and related technologiesoffer wonderful opportunities forcommunication, social interaction, education,entertainment, and employment for peoplewith cerebral palsy.
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Support Groupsand Counseling
For Parents
Children with cerebral palsy may have verysubstantial problems, but almost all have thepotential to learn, achieve, succeed, and createa happy life for themselves.
parents and siblings of a child with cerebralpalsy may have significant stress.
Support groups provide reassurance, motivation,and inspiration. They help you see that your
situation is not unique They also provide practical tips on coping with
cerebral palsy and navigating the medical,educational, and social systems that you will relyon for help for yourself or your child.
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Case Studies on Cerebral Palsy
Case studies on cerebral palsy have shownhyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) can help thesecomplications by increasing the amount of oxygendissolved in the plasma and reinvigorate oncedormant brain cells.
A 2-year-old girl with delayed judgment, cooperationskills and impulse control began hippotherapytreatment,Now she verbalizes spontaneously and
answers simple questions with good volume. She canwalk 5-7 steps independently on level ground andrequires only some hand-held assistance on unevensurfaces for safety. Her mother reports improvementsin the childs strength, balance, coordination and
verbalizations
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