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Cetificate, abstract, index,front page

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i CERTIFICATE This is to Certified that xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx & xxxxxxxxx have carried out their project work presented in this report entitled “PARKING SYSTEM USING PCL SCADA” for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree(B.Tech) from Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow under my supervision. The project embodies result of original work and studies carried out by students themselves and the contents of this project do not from the basis for the award of any other degree of the candidate or to anybody else. Mr. xxxxxxxxxx Mr. xxxxxxx HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT GUIDE Electronics & Communication Electronics & Communication Engineering Engineering Greater Noida Institute of Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida Technology, Greater Noida
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Page 1: Cetificate, abstract, index,front page

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CERTIFICATE This is to Certified that xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx & xxxxxxxxx have carried out their project work presented in this report entitled “PARKING SYSTEM USING PCL SCADA” for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree(B.Tech) from Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow under my supervision. The project embodies result of original work and studies carried out by students themselves and the contents of this project do not from the basis for the award of any other degree of the candidate or to anybody else. Mr. xxxxxxxxxx Mr. xxxxxxx HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT GUIDE Electronics & Communication Electronics & Communication Engineering Engineering Greater Noida Institute of Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida Technology, Greater Noida

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DECLARATION

We, xxxxxx, xxxxxxx, xxxxxx & xxxxx students of Bachelor of Technology Degree (B.Tech) under the Department of Electronics Communication Engineering of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, hereby declare that all the information furnished in this report is based on our own intensive research and is genuine. This report does not, to the best of our knowledge, contain part of our work which has been submitted for the award of our degree either of this university or any other university without proper citation.

Date: 23TH May, 2016 xxxxxxxxxx (121xxxxxx) xxxxxxxxx (121xxxxx) xxxxxxxxxxx (13xxxxxx)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is done as a semester project known as “PARKING SYSYTEM USING PLC SCADA”. We are really thankful to our guide Mr. XXXXXXXX and whole Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, for his invaluable guidance and assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have never been possible. We also thank him for giving this opportunity to explore into the real world and realize the interrelation of Electronics and Communication without which a society can never progress. In our present project we have chosen the topic “PARKING SYSTEM USING PLC SCADA” which aims at parking a car with the help of the plc scada. We believe in this technology which is aimed at helping the mankind. In the end I will also like to thank Mr. XXXXXXXXXXX who also helped us in knowing the technicalities of the project. I will also like to express my thankfulness to my team members.

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ABSTRACT This project work presents the study and design of PLC based Automatic Multistoried Car Parking System. Automatic Multistoried car parking is an arrangement which is used to park a large number of vehicles in least possible place. For making this arrangement in a real plan very high technological instruments are required. In this project a prototype of such a model is made. This prototype model is made for accommodating Four cars at a time. A motor controlled elevator is used to lift the cars. Controlling of the platforms and checking the vacancies is done by PLC. For unparking of car, keyboard is interfaced with the model for selection of required platform. Automation is done to reduce requirement of space and also to reduce human errors, which in-turn results in highest security and greatest flexibility. Due to these advantages, this system can be used in hotels, railway stations, airports where crowding of car is more.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE……………………………………………………….………………………..i DECLARATION…………………..…………………………………….……………………ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………….……………….……......………iii ABSTRACT……………………………………………….…………….………….…………iv LIST OF TABLES……………………………………….……………………………………ix LIST OF FIGURES…………….……………………...……………………….……..……x-xi LIST OF SYMBOL…………………...……………….…..…………………….……………xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……...…………………….…………………………………..xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-3

1.1. Background 2 1.2. Objective of project work 3

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF EXISTING SYSTEM 4 2.1. Difficulty in finding vacant space. 4 2.2. Improper Parking 4

CHAPTER 3 WORKING OF PROTOTYPE 5-17 3.1. Working of PLCs 7 3.2. Working of Scada 13 3.3. Working of DC motors 15 3.4. Working of Power supply 17

CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION 18-21 4.1. Phase I 18 4.2. Present parking solutions 18

4.2.1. Integrated parking solution 19 4.2.2. Automated parking system 19

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4.2.3. Multilevel car parking system 20 4.3. Material and methodology 21

4.3.1. Components 21 4.3.1.1. DC geared motor 21 4.3.1.2. Push buttons 21

CHAPTER 5 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL 22-29 5.1. Basic operation 23 5.2. Hard-wired control 24 5.3. Advantages of PLCs 24 5.4. Terminology 25

5.4.1. Sensors 25 5.4.2. Actuators 25

5.5. Discrete inputs and outputs 25 5.6. Analog inputs and outputs 26 5.7. CPU 26 5.8. Memory size and types 26 5.9. Software, hardware and firmware 27 5.10. Ladder logic programming 27 5.11. PLC scan 28

CHAPTER 6 SCADA 30-41 6.1. Real time 30 6.2. What does Scada mean? 33 6.3. Architecture 34

6.3.1. Hardware architecture 34 6.3.2. Software architecture 35 6.3.3. Communications 35

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6.3.4. Interfacing 36 6.3.5. Scalability 36 6.3.6. Redundancy 37

6.4. Functionality 37 6.4.1. Access Control 37 6.4.2. MMI 37 6.4.3. Trending 37 6.4.4. Alarm Handling 38 6.4.5. Logging/Archiving 38 6.4.6. Report generation 38 6.4.7. Automation 38

6.5. Application Development 39 6.5.1. Configuration 39 6.5.2. Development Tools 40 6.5.3. Object handling 40

6.6. Evolution 40 6.7. Engineering 40 6.8. Potentials benefits of scada 41

CHAPTER 7 RELAY 42-47 7.1. Working 42 7.2. Types of relays 43

7.2.1. Electro-mechanical relay 44 7.2.2. Solid state relay 45

7.3. A relay contact life 47 CHAPTER 8 MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENTS 48-56

8.1. Push buttons 48

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8.1.1. Types of push buttons 48 8.1.2. Uses 49

8.2. Free wheel 50 8.3. Wheel 51

8.3.1. Specifications 51 8.4. LED 51

8.4.1. Working principle 53 8.5. Conveyor belt 53

8.5.1. Working Principle 54 8.6. DC geared motor 55

8.6.1. Working principle 56 CHAPTER 9 SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY 57-61

9.1. Working principle 57 9.2. Topologies of smps 58

9.2.1. DC to DC converter 58 9.2.2. AC to DC converter 59 9.2.3. Fly back converter 60 9.2.4. Forward converter 61

CHAPTER 10 CODING 62-64 10.1. Coding 64

CHAPTER 11 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 65 11.1. Result and conclusion 65

REFERENCES 66

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 5.1 Scanning process Table 5.2 Scan time

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Improper parking Figure 3.1 Power supply rack Figure 3.2 Back panel Figure 3.3 CPU Figure 3.4 CPU operating cycle Figure 3.5 I/O system Figure 3.6 Programming a plc Figure 3.7 Scada programming Figure 3.8 DC motor Figure 4.1 Integrated parking system Figure 4.2 Automated parking system Figure 4.3 Multi-level parking system Figure 5.1 PLC Figure 5.2 PLC operation Figure 6.1 Typical hardware system Figure 6.2 Generic software architecture Figure 7.1 Relay Figure 7.2 Electro-mechanical Relay Figure 7.3 Solid state relay Figure 8.1 Push button Figure 8.2 Free wheel Figure 8.3 Wheel Figure 8.4 LED Figure 8.5 Conveyor belt

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Figure 8.6 DC motor Figure 9.1 SMPS Figure 9.2 DC to DC converter Figure 9.3 AC to DC converter Figure 9.4 FLY-BACK converter Figure 9.5 Forward converter

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LIST OF SYMBOLS

= Equal +ve Positive -ve Negative ≤ Less than or equal ≥ Greater than or equal ≠ Not equal ≈ Equivalent

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

PLC Programmable logic controller SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition CPU Computer processing unit I/P Input LAD Ladder logic k Kilo CU Count up CD Count down I/O Input/output


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