37
CEWiT + BWCI Overview 3GPP2 Vancouver May 13, 2009 Bhaskar Ramamurthi Hon. Director, CEWiT Professor and Dean, IITM
CEWiT + BWCI Overview 3GPP2 Vancouver May 13, 2009
Bhaskar RamamurthiHon. Director, CEWiT
Professor and Dean, IITM
Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology
Autonomous Research Organization Started in 2005 Supported by government and industry
Industry support through BWC 20 staff members currently
8 Ph.D level rest Masters’ level growing at 50 % p.a.I
Broadband Wireless Consortium of India Membership : 2009
Invited members TRAI WPC TEC CDAC, T’vum COAI, AUSPI Academic experts from IITs
and IISc, TCE (Madurai)
CEWiT Ecosystem
BWCI
CEWiTIITs/IISc TCOEs
ForeignPartnerships
CEWiT Research driven by Indian Requirements
India needs… “Wireless DSL”
Ability to provision various “plans” – different throughputs (due to different degrees of “over-subscription”)
Throughout the cell Cell-edge nomadic user must get performance as
per his/her plan, just as the in-cell user Telephony on same subscription
4G + GSM/CDMA or, VoIP with QoS as in cellular service today
Prevailing scenario Spectrum
Limited Spectrum (5+ pan-Indian operators) Re-use 1 is a necessity With Fractional Frequency Reuse
Deployments Urban cell sizes typically 200-800 meters; Rural -
typically 15 Km LoS to adjacent base stations from higher floors
causes increased interference Large fraction of urban users near cell “edge”
from SINR point of view, not geographical Interference is a major concern for us
Particularly, given the Wireless DSL application
CEWiT’s Research Focus Interference Mitigation for cell edge
users Open-loop MIMO modes to enable
cancellation of 3-4 strong interferers Closed-loop mode to support base station
co-operation for cell-edge users Low-complexity Relays
For improving indoor (also “cell edge”) performance
For rural coverage extension Related innovations in pilots, control
messages, etc
Wireless Broadband in India: 2009 EVDO : deployment begun
20+20 MHz spectrum available in all for voice and data
3g1x Operators planning to roll out GSM also May increase DO rollout vis-à-vis 3g1x
HSPA : awaiting 3G spectrum auction Spectrum will also be used for WCDMA voice
service WiMAX (16e) : awaiting TDD spectrum
auction
CEWiT participation in standards
Active in LTE-A and 802.16m Wish to participate in 3GPP2
DO enhancements focused on India needs
3g1x issues faced by Indian operators Lean Base Stations Indian Language SMS RAN sharing
DO Enhancements DO must compete with HSPA, WiMAX by taking
advantage of Earlier deployment Existing 3g1x infrastructure Alreacy available “free” spectrum
Indian operators need capacity maximization
lowest cost per bit/s and per Hz Better throughput at cell edge
Interference mitigation Better in-building throughput
“wireless femtos”
Improving cell-edge performance Interference mitigation at cell edge
Two-antenna BTS Two-antenna terminal
Can we bring in techniques being considered in LTE-A and 802.16m? COMP MMSE Interference Cancellation Relays with cognitive interference
management Wireless femto: not much use for wired femto in India
Wireless Femto Relay has directional antenna or beamformed high-
SINR link to BTS Relays signals to and from user terminals
Can be user deployed Tx power controlled by BTS
Victim terminals minimized
Can give high bit rate indoors Useful where conventional femto cell not feasible
due to lack of wireline broadband for backhauling Can even be L1 relay
With selective forwarding Cost, complexity, and power similar to terminal
Lean BTS 70% of opex in India is power supply Diesel gensets, fuel for 6-12 hour outages in
rural areas All BTS shelters have 1+ Ton Airconditioning
Need tower-top BTS Better thermal mgmt in shelters
Innovations in BTS at standardization level “wink” mode for night operation in rural areas If night-time consumption can be reduced, solar
power + batteries becomes more feasible Backward compatibility is a key issue
RAN Sharing Passive infrastructure sharing already in
place Towers, antennas, genset, fuel, etc
RAN sharing Same cabinet, same PA Separate modems, data/voice streams Common backhaul transport
Indivudual streams feed to separate core networks
New regulations permitting spectrum sharing likely
Indian Language SMS
A collaborative effort of CEWiT and BWCI
Top SMS Users in Asia
SMS Usage in 2008 No. of Subscribers in 20080
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
China Philipines India
No
. of
Me
ss
ag
es
(B
illio
ns
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
China Philipines India
No
. of
Su
bsc
rib
ers
(M
illio
ns
)
Sources India – TRAI Philippines – Pyramid Research (Communications Markets in the Philippines - 2009 Edition) China – Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Despite the stupendous growth in mobile penetration, India is lagging behind other countries in terms of SMS usage
Average no. of SMS per subscriber is almost 10 times higher in Philippines
Understanding the Numbers
A key enabler for high SMS usage in China and Philippines is
the availability of good local language SMS support Filipino is based on Latin character set, so GSM alphabet can be
used
The inherent efficiency of Chinese language ensures that a 70-
character Chinese SMS encoded in UCS-2 has more words than
English SMS encoded with 7-bit GSM alphabet
With the expected manifold increase in the number of
subscribers from rural areas, demand for vernacular
messaging in India will grow
Better support for Indian language SMS can become a
catalyst for growth of SMS usage in India
UCS-2 for Indic Language SMS
3 2 4 3 2 3 3 6
Indian language SMS can also be encoded using UCS-2 The total number of characters in the above message is 34
(including white spaces and full-stop) With UCS-2, the above sentence will be encoded in 68 bytes
Almost half of the 140 octets available in the SMS payload are used up
only a couple of short sentences can be accommodated in a standard-sized message
The same message in English reads: I wish you a happy new year. Using the GSM alphabet, this can be encoded in only 25 bytes
] � Ȫ� ȯȣ� � � � � ȯ ȡ� � ȡ� ȡ� � � �Ǖ .
Indian Requirements The changes in SMS standard currently being considered
refer to ‘national languages’ Assumes one language per country
In India, the situation is drastically different The Constitution of India does not define a national language 22 official languages are listed (each spoken by millions) Multiple Indic languages must be supported by the standard
Indic character sets are totally different from Latin alphabet Use of single shift mechanism with GSM alphabet is of no use Locking shift mechanism must be supported
Bi-lingual usage (Indic + English) is common Indic language tables must include characters from GSM
alphabet
CEWiT Proposal We have a set of Indian language tables as per the
following requirements Conformance to 3GPP templates for single and locking shift
tables Use of character sets for Indic languages defined by
Unicode Consortium Support for bi-lingual messaging (Indic + English) Support for easy transliteration between Indic languages
A total of 21 languages can be supported using the 9 tables
Backward Compatibility As per the standard
A non-supporting receiving entity will ignore the National Language Information Element, and decode the message contents using the GSM 7 bit default alphabet table
The fallback mechanisms ensure protocol correctness A legacy handset that receives a message
encoded using an Indic language will be able to decode the SMS but the final output displayed may not be meaningful
Backward Compatibility Solution
Handset that supports new encoding
Handset that does not support new encoding
Ac”@* 1wd(&f2= df%$?# a2xq &%!zp@ HINDI ihtr”!y$ :wp)6 hd£&4 py8*)+rt
Outcome: The output on legacy handset is mostly gibberish
except for English words in the original message
Solution: Provide a software application on the legacy device
that can decode any received messages that use new encoding Fairly simple software with moderate memory and processing
requirements
Current Status A formal change request was submitted to
3GPP in February 2009 Discussed in CT1 meeting Concerns have been raised by some vendors
regarding the backward compatibility The matter being taken up by the Systems and
Architecture Working Group of 3GPP during its meeting from May 11-15
BWCI Study Groups
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
WG4: Core Networks & Services
WG4 is focussing on 3 broad areas (spanning multiple air interface technologies) Evolved IP Services
Layer 3 Radio Protocols
Transport Networks and Evolution
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
WG4 Study Groups
Transport Network Evolution 3G Deployment Issues End-to-end QoS BWA Network Reference Model Backward Compatibility for Indian
Language SMS QoS Evaluation
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
TRANSPORT NETWORK EVOLUTION
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
Scope of work
The aim of this study group is to Define backhaul requirements for 4G broadband
wireless networks Design the high-level reference architecture of an
integrated, multi-service transport network
Key deliverable Technical roadmap for evolution from currently
deployed backhaul to full IP-based transport network
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
END-TO-END QOS
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
Scope of work
The aim of this study group is to Define a framework for providing QoS in
heterogeneous wireless networks (2G, 3G, WiMAX, LTE)
Define a mapping between PHY/MAC and IP QoS mechanisms
Key deliverable End-to-end QoS architecture for multi-access
broadband wireless networks
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
BWA REFERENCE MODEL
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
Scope of work
The aim of this study group is to Define an end-to-end reference BWA network,
decomposed into functional blocks/modules Define the interfaces between modules clearly Describe each module at appropriate level of detail
Key deliverable End-to-end architecture of BWA networks, inclusive
of external interfaces and relevant protocols
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
3G DEPLOYMENT ISSUES
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
Scope of work
The aim of this study group is to investigate India-specific 3G deployment related issues including
Key drivers and challenges for successful rollout Interworking with legacy networks Service inter-operability across operators Regulatory aspects
Key deliverable Detailed study of the topics listed above in the form of a BWCI
whitepaper
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
QOS EVALUATION
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
Scope of work
The aim of this study group is to Define metrics and methodologies for evaluation of
end user and network QoS Develop software tools for measuring QoS parameters Perform QoS evaluation in live networks
Key deliverables A methodology for QoS evaluation in BWA networks Software for measurement and analysis of live data
from networks
April 21, 2023 / CEWiT / NA CEWiT – Proprietary Information
