CF Lecture 15a. Control of Work

7/27/2019 CF Lecture 15a. Control of Work

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Control of Work


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Plant components

Hardware e.g. Process plant and equipment,

utilities, power generation, lifting gear,

vehicles etc

Software e.g. Control systems, operating andmaintenance procedures, work instructions

Personnel e.g. Operators, maintenance staff,

contractors, visitors etc


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Plant components

Hardware Controlled by design, codes and

standards and good engineering practice

Software Controlled by design, codes and

standards, testing and review

Personnel Controlled by management systems


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Permit-To-Work

A formal written system used to

control certain types of work that are

potentially hazardous

Also a system to communicate

between those managing and running

the plant and those doing the work


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Piper Alphas permit system failed


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Permits

Not simply permission to carry out a

dangerous job

Determines how the job can be done safely

Communicates work methods to those doingthe job, and

Tells those in the surrounding areas what is

going on

Issuing a permit on its own does not makethe job safe


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Common problems with permits Regarded as an easy way to avoid the need to

eliminate hazards or reduce risk

Systems not checked adequately

Permits not identifying the potential hazard

Poor isolation

Personal protective clothing issues

Inadequate hand-back after work has finished

Improper permit design


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Essential features of permit systems

Clear identification of who may authorise

work and who is responsible for specifying the

necessary precautions

Training and instruction in the issue and useof permits

Monitoring and auditing to ensure the system

works as intended


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Functions of system

Ensure proper authorization

Clear identification of job and hazards

Removal of hazards where possible Precautions against residual hazards

System of continuous control/communication

Display of permits Suspension/Handback procedures

Emergency procedures


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Fully documented

Identification of authorised personnel

Identification of responsible personnel

Clear layout

Avoid uncertainties

Different designs

Use by visiting contractors

Permit Requirements


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Procedures

Rules in event of an emergency

Hand-back procedure and work completion

statement

Time limitations included within shift changeover Provision for suspension of work

Cross-referencing with other jobs

Display at site

Regular checks Relevant and working properly


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Description of work

Identify work to be done and associated

hazards

Plans and diagrams

Identification and tagging

Detailed statement for complicated tasks


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Types of Permit to Work 1

Hot Work (heat, sparks, flame etc)

Work which releases flammable substances

Electrical work Entry into and work in confined spaces

Working at height/lifting/falling into sea

Work with radioactive substances


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Types of Permit to Work 2

Work with explosive substances

Excavations

Diving

Pressure testing

Work on safety critical systems (fire or gas

detection, public address or alarms, fire

fighting, life saving equipment)


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Isolation Requirements

The vessel must be positively isolated from the

process

All power equipment must be isolated

All radiation sources must be isolated or removed All practical steps should be taken to purge the

vessel and clean it

Provision must be made for ready entry or exit

The atmosphere must be tested to ensure there is20.6% oxygen and no contaminates


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Types of isolation

Physical disconnection and blanking

Spades or line blinds

Double block and bleed valves

Closed and locked valves

Closed and locked valve

Closed and unlocked single valve


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Physical disconnection and

blanking


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Insertion of a blind or a spade


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Double Block and Bleed valves


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Double Block valves


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Single Block valve


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Electrical lock out hasp


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Valve isolation


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General Rules

Issue permit before commencement of work Valid for duration stated

Revalidate permit if work not started orstopped

Revalidate permit if work not completed withintime mentioned

Fire and safety division officer or operationsauthorised to suspend work if safety regulation

violated Cease work if accidents occur and restart after

investigations and new permit obtained


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Rules for entry

Remove all material

Isolate

Ventilate

Test atmosphere

Emergency preparation


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TIMESCALE FOR OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

SYMPTOMS

250 s(4.2minutes

)

300 s(5

minutes)

500s(8.3

minutes)

Cessation ofbreathing

35 s45 s100 sUnconsciousness

20 s25 s60 sLoss of muscle

movement

12 s15 s40 sOnset of mental

confusion

0 %5 %10%

Oxygen by Volume %Symptom


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3 fatalities in confined space


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Confined space rescue


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Work instructions

Similar to permits but issued to those who

do potentially hazardous tasks on a

routine basis e.g. operators, laboratorytechnicians, inspectors

Specify precautions to be taken

Communications

Emergency issues


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Operating and Maintenance

proceduresUsed by those performing routine

operating and inspection, repair and

maintenance tasks

Usually for low hazard activities

Hazard checks

Planning and communications still

required


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Job Safety Assessments

Process for identification of hazards,

assessment of risk and determination of

control measures and precautions

Preferably done by all in the work groupOpportunity to communicate common

concerns, experiences

Tool box talks. Could something like

this happen to us on this job?


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What happened: While moving marine riser from the terminal storage area to the deck of a boat thesynthetic slings parted, dropping the riser onto other joints of riser. Substantial damage to the floatation

and choke/kill lines of three riser joints occurred. No injuries were reported. JSA was reviewed andtaglines were in use. Method for lifting was the use of 3 synthetic slings; 2 slings choked at each end ofthe riser and 1 sling connected to the cranes hook with the other slings eyes looped through it. Nospreader bar or riser lifting nubs used.

Key Learning Points

Heat generated from sling to sling friction

was great enough to damage sling.

Incorrect rigging method and equipment

used.

Contractor and Shell policy regarding lifting

and synthetic sling usage not followed

(PTW, certification, storage and safe work

practices).

3rd party testing of syn slings revealed that

55 out of 137 tested were rejected primarily

due to lifting method (heated/ deformed).

Shell EPW Wells HS&E Learning BulletinFountain Report No: 78011 Location: Vitoria Terminal, Brasil Incident Date: 08/ April/2006


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Shell EPW Wells HS&E Learning BulletinFountain Report No: 78011

Marks left by thered webbing sling

Marks left by

the red

webbing sling


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People are your most valuable asset.

They are also the most unreliable,

unpredictable, inconsistent component

of your operation.

Whatever system you put in place to

control them will be run by people.

You have been warned!

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CF Lecture 15a. Control of Work

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