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originated in two pacific about 6000 km away and it took 20 daysto reach to the coast of Bangladesh . 1941, 1942 Ges 1960 mv‡jI fqvenN~wY©S‡oi ZvÛe gvby‡li ü`q‡K cÖPÛfv‡e bvov †`q| Gi ci †_‡K 1963, 1964, 1965,1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1983, 1984,1985, 1988, 1991 Ges 1997 mv‡ji NywY©S‡oi fqvenZv GLbI A‡b‡KB ¯§„wZPviYKi‡Z cv‡ib| me©‡kl 2004 mv‡ji fqven eb¨v, 2006 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m DcK~jxqmvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi wbg©g ZvÛ‡ei wPÎ meviB ‡hgb Rvbv i‡q‡Q †Zgwb 2007 mv‡ji†`ke¨vcx fqven eb¨vi ¶q¶wZ I †fvMvw —i wPý KvwU‡q DV‡Z bv DV‡ZB GKB eQ‡iwmW‡ii gZ cÖjqsKix mvB‡K¬v‡Yi AvNv‡Z me©k¦ LyB‡q‡Q G †`‡ki cÖv —R‡biv|

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we‡k¦i Rjevqy AZx‡Z cwieZwZ©Z n‡q‡Q, eZ©gv‡b n‡”Q Ges fwel¨‡ZI n‡e| g~jZ: Rjevq~wbqZ cwieZ©bkxj| Z‡e Av‡M Rjevqy cwieZ©b NU‡Zv GKv ÍB cªvK…wZKfv‡e| wK ‘eZ©gv‡b cÖK…wZi cvkvcvwk †hvM n‡q‡Q gvby‡li cwi‡ek ‰eix Kvh©µg| Rjevqyi Dcv`vb¸wj†hgb ci¯úi A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ, †Zgwb G¸wj AZ¨ — AwbwðZ| evqygÛ‡j Aew¯’Z wewfbDcv`vb Ges cÖK…wZi bvbvgyLx wµqvKjvc gvby‡li emev‡mi Rb¨ mnvqK eZ©gvb Rjevqy‡ZGK myMfxi cwieZ©b †W‡K Avb‡Q| G wel‡q mvaviY gvby‡li Ávb I Z‡_ï mxgveäZv_vK‡jI Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ welqwU `xN©w`b hveZ Av —R©vwZK wbix¶v I AvjvcAv‡jvPbvi welq wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V‡Q| welqwUi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© cÖL¨vZ weÁvbx, bxwZwba©viK, cwi‡ek we‡klK, A_©bxwZwe` I we‡klÁ‡ì w`b w`b fvwe‡q Zzj‡Q|

wMÖbnvDm M¨vm wbtmiY Ges Gi gvÎv e„w×i cÖwZwµqvi avivevwnKZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi MwZZ¡ivw ^Z Ki‡Q| Avi ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©b wMÖbnvDm M¨vm wbtmiY I ewk¦K cÖwZwµqvi g‡Zvwe —…Z welq¸wj ci¯úi wbweo fv‡e m¤úwK©Z| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y D™¢~Z cwiw ’wZgvbe cÖRvwZi R‡b¨ me‡P‡q cÖwZK‚j Ae ’vi m„w÷ K‡i‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖavb av°vG‡m co‡Q K…wl, cvwbm¤ú` I ¯v ’¨ Lv‡Zi g‡Zv cÖavb †¶Î¸wj‡Z| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bicÖwZwµqvq mgy`ª c„‡ói D”PZv e„w× cv‡”Q, K…wli Ae¶q NU‡Q, cvwb cÖevn n«vm cv‡”Q, ¯^v¯’¨mgm¨v e„w× cv‡”Q, AvenvIqvi Lvg‡Lqvwj AvPiY Ges mvgvwRK Aw ’iZv e„w× cv‡”Q| Z…Zxqwe‡k¦i †`k¸wji RbMY †h me mgm¨v wb‡q GLbI w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Qb, Rjevqy cwieZ©b †mBme mgm¨v¸wji †¶Î‡K AviI cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Q| d‡j Zv wek¦Rbxb mgm¨vq cwiYZ n‡”Q|Rjevqy cwieZ©b AvaywbK h ¿mf¨Zvq DbZ †`k¸wji mvaviY Kg©dj| Avi ZvB Ab¨†`k¸wji Zzjbvq wMÖbnvDm M¨vm wbtmi‡Y evsjv‡`k A‡bK wcwQ‡q _vK‡jI G †`k‡KRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi eûgyLx cÖwZwµqvi2 gy‡L c‡o mxgvnxb y ©kv †fvM Ki‡Z n‡”Q| ZvB Gmsµv Í †g wjK aviYv¸‡jv ‡hgb Av‡jvPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb avibv¸‡jv Rbgvb‡mi g‡a¨fvMvfvwM K‡i †bqvi h_vm¤¢e cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bvi ìKvi|

AvenvIqv : AvenvIqv n‡”Q GKwU wbw ©ó ’v‡b wbw ©ó mg‡q (m‡ev©”P mvZ w`‡bi) evqygÛ‡jiweivRgvb Ae ’vi cÖKvwkZ ev mnR‡eva¨ i“c| hv mvaviYZ Mig ev VvÛv, †fRv A_ev ï®‹,kv — A_ev we¶z× Ae ’v, †gNnxb ev †gNv”Qb BZ¨vw` w`‡q mn‡RB ‡evSv hvq| D`vniY

2 bvbv ai‡bi cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM (eb¨v, Liv, NywY©So, mvB‡K¬vb) †ivMe¨vwai msµvgb, Rjve×Zv, RxeewPÎ¨ n«vm, b`xfvOb, cÖf„wZ|



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wn‡m‡e ejv hvq- AvenvIqvi c~e©vfvm cÖwZw`b cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq Ges †Uwjwfkb I†iwWIÕi msev‡Ì Zv cÖPvwiZ nq| wbqwgZ AvenvIqv ey‡jwU‡b w`‡bi Mo ZvcgvÎv, m‡e©v”PI me©wbg ZvcgvÎv, †gNv”QbZv, †Kvb we‡kl ¯’v‡b e„wócvZ ev S‡oi m¤¢vebvi K_v D‡jLKivi cvkvcvwk m~‡h©v`q I m~h©v‡ —i mgq BZ¨vw` A‡bK wel‡qi D‡jL _v‡K| AvenvIqvicÖavb cÖavb Dcv`vb¸wji g‡a¨ c‡o evqyi ZvcgvÎv, evqyi Pvc, evqyi cÖevn Ges MwZ‡eM,†g‡Ni NbZ¡ Ges †g‡Ni cÖK…wZ Ges e„wócvZ| †Kvb GK RvqMvq evqygÛ‡ji cÖavb cÖavbDcv`vb¸wji msw¶ß i“c ev †NvwlZ Ae ’v‡KB AvenvIqv ejv nq| GUv evqygÛ‡ji `bw›`bAe ’v‡K cÖKvk K‡i| AvenvIqv ’vb I mgq Abymv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq|

Rjevqy : Rjevqy n‡”Q †Kvb AÂ‡ji ev ’v‡bi AvenvIqvi Mo Ae ’v| †Kvb ’vb ev AÂ‡jiwewfb FZz‡f‡` Kgc‡¶ 30 eQ‡ii Mo Ae ’v‡K Rjevqy ejv n‡q _v‡K| †Kvb we‡kl ¯’v‡biAvenvIqvi wewfb Ae ’v‡K cwimsL¨v‡bi wfwË‡Z cÖKvkB Rjevqy| mvaviYZ †Kvb ¯’v‡bi 30eQ‡ii AvenvIqvi wbqvgK¸wji Mo Ae ’v‡K Rjevqy wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| GUvmvaviYZ AvenvIqvi cÖavb cÖavb wbqvgK †hgb-ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, Av`ª©Zv, w`‡bi `N©¨ IevZv‡mi MwZ‡eM cÖf„wZi Mo wnmv‡ei wfwË‡Z AbywgZ n‡q _v‡K| Rjevqy ¯’vb‡f‡` wfb wfbn‡q _v‡K| GUv wbf©i K‡i A¶vs‡ki Dci, mgy ª †_‡K `~iZ¡, e„¶ivRxi Ae¯’vb, cvnv‡oiDcw ’wZ ev Abycw ’wZ cÖf„wZi Dci| Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z †Kvb GKwU wbw ©ó AÂ‡jiA_ev mvgwMÖK A‡_© mviv we‡k¦i MocoZv AvenvIqvi `xN©‡gqvw` ’vqx cwieZ©b‡K eySvq|AvenvIqv m¤úwK©Z Dcv`vbmg~n †hgb-ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, evqycÖevn cÖf„wZ ai‡bi cwieZ©bØviv GB Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwigvc Kiv nq| Rievqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfv‡e3 mgy`ªcÖ‡ôiD”PZv e„w×, jeYv³Zv, Liv, eb¨v, NywY©So, f~wgi Aebgb, f~wgK¤ú, cÖwZ‡ek, b`-b`xeë ’vq cÖfve †d‡j `y‡h©vM I SzuwKi m„wó K‡i| Avi c‡iv¶ cÖfv‡e Lv‡`ï AwbðqZv,gvby‡li ^v ’ eë ’v, Rjve×Zv cÖf„wZ mgm¨v Zix K‡i|

wMÖbnvDm M¨vm : evqygÛ‡j Dcw ’Z †h me M¨vm Zvc †kvlY K‡i c„w_exi DòZv evwo‡q†Zv‡j Zv‡ì‡K wMÖbnvDm M¨vm ejv nq| wKQy wMÖbnvDm M¨vm cÖvK…wZKfv‡eB weivRgvb evcÖvK…wZK fv‡e m„ó; †hgb-Rjxq ev®ú, I‡Rvb, Kve©b WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvBUªvm A·vBW

3 wMÖbnvDm cÖwZwµqv : wMÖbnvDm cÖwZwµqvi d‡jB c„w_exi DòZv evo‡Q| c„w_exi evqygÛ‡j Ggb wKQyM¨v‡mi Dcw ’wZ i‡q‡Q hviv m~h©iwk¥ †kvl‡Yi gva¨‡g c„w_exi DËvc evwo‡q †Zv‡j| GB M¨vm¸wjwMÖbnvDm M¨vm bv‡g cwiwPZ| evqygÛ‡j wMÖbnvDm M¨vm m¤ú~Y© Abycw ’Z _vK‡j eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi MoZvcgvÎv 150 †mjwmqv‡mi cwie‡Z© gvBbvm 180 †mjwmqvm nZ| d‡j AwZwi³ VvÛvq c„w_exiRxeK‚‡ji †eu‡P _vKv m¤¢e nZ bv|



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n‡jvKve©b (wmGdwm) BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv evqy gÛ‡j MÖxYnvDm cÖwZwµqv NUv‡bvi me‡P‡q †ekxf~wgKv iv‡L| kxZ cÖavb †`k¸wj‡Z m&ewR Pv‡li Rb¨ Kuv‡Pi Ni Zix K‡i †hfv‡e evB‡i†_‡K Avmv Zvc‡K AvU‡K ivLv nq wVK †mfv‡eB evqygÛ‡ji wMÖbnvDm M¨vm¸wj m~‡h©i Zvc‡KAvU‡K iv‡L| evqygÛ‡ji wMÖbnvDm M¨vmmg~n I †gN, f~c„ô †_‡K wewKwiZ Ae‡jvwnZ iwk¥Lye mn‡RB †kvlY K‡i †bq| Gi d‡j evqygÛj DËß n‡q I‡V Ges evqygÛj †_‡K ZvcPvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| wMÖbnvDm cÖwZwµqvi d‡j evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv †e‡o hvq|

Kve©b WvB-A·vBW: wMÖbnvDm M¨vm mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Kve©b WvB-A·vBW me†P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© IKvh©Kvix †Uªm M¨vm| MZ K‡qK kZK Ges mv¤cÖwZK `kK¸wj Ry‡o evqygÛ‡j GB Kve©bWvB-A·vB‡Wi cwigvY Avk¼vRbK gvÎvq e„w× cv‡”Q| 1958 mv‡j evqygÛ‡j †hLv‡b Kve©bWvB-A·vB‡Wi cwigvY wQj cÖwZ `k jvL (wgwjqb) fv‡Mi g‡a¨ gvÎ 315 fvM (ppmv),†mLv‡b 1990 mvj bvMv` GB cwigvY uvovq cÖwZ `k jvL (wgwjqb) fv‡Mi 350 fv‡M(ppmv)| MZ `k‡Ki cÖwZ eQ‡i k~b¨ `kwgK cuvP kZvsk nv‡i e„w× †c‡q 1993 mv‡j CO2

Gi cwigvY ùvovq cÖwZ `k jvL (wgwjqb) fv‡Mi 358 fv‡M| AZx‡Zi evqygÛ‡j CO2 GicwigvY †Kgb wQj Zv Rvb‡Z M‡el‡Kiv c‡iv¶ c×wZ †e‡Q †bb| G c×wZ‡Z 1750 mv‡jic~‡e© evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gi cwigvY cÖwZ `k jvL (wgwjqb) fv‡M 280 fvM (ppmv) wQj e‡jRvbv hvq| MZ `yB kZvãx‡Z evqygÛ‡j CO2 mn Ab¨vb¨ M¨v‡mi cwigvY cÖvq 28kZvsk e„w×†c‡q‡Q| e¨vcK wkívq‡bi Kvi‡Y MZ yB kZvãx‡Z Kqjv-†Zj-M¨vm Ges R¡vjvwb Kv‡Vieënvi eû¸Y e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gi cwigvYI e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Kve©b Pµ†_‡K Kve©‡bi wZbwU cÖavb Drm †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq; G¸‡jv nj mgy`ª, f~-c„‡ôi cÖvYxRMr GesevqygÛj| mgy`ª Ges evqygÛ‡ji g‡a¨ Kve©b wewbg‡qi nvi eQ‡i cÖvq 90 wMMvU‡bi mgvb|c„w_exi cÖvYxRM‡Zi †gvU Kve©b gRy‡ì GK eo Ask i‡q‡Q MÖx®§gÛjxq I bvwZkx‡ZvòebvÂ‡ji cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vi wfZ‡i| gvby‡li †h ywU Kvh©Kjv‡ci d‡j evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gesmxmvi cwigvY e„w× cvq †m ywU nj-LwbR ev Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi D‡Ëvjb I eënvi e„w× Gesf~wg eënv‡i cwieZ©b|

MZ kZ‡Ki †kl `yB `kK a‡i Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb †_‡K Kve©b wbtmi‡Yi cwigvY eQ‡i cÖvq GK`kwgK bq kZvsk nv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q| G †¶‡Î D‡jL Kiv hvq †h, Dbqbkxj †`k¸wj‡Zwe‡k¦i †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq wZb-PZz_©vsk emevm K‡i| wK ‘ wecyj RbmsL¨v _vK‡jI Gme†`k we‡k¦i †gvU Kve©b wbtmi‡Yi gvÎ GK PZz_©vs‡ki Rb¨ `vqx| Ab¨w`‡K DbZ †`k¸wj‡Zwek¦ RbmsL¨vi gvÎ c‡bi kZvsk emevm Ki‡jI Zviv we‡k¦i ‡gvU Kve©b wbtmi‡Yi cÖvq 44kZvsk NwU‡q _v‡K| GKKfv‡e gvwK©b hy³ivóªB we‡k¦i †gvU Kve©b wbtmi‡Yi cÖvq 23kZvs‡ki Rb¨ `vqx| we‡k¦i †gvU Kve©b wbtmi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki Ae`vb AwZ mvgvb¨, gvÎ ïb¨



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`kwgK ïb¨ Qq fvM4 | f~wg eënv‡i cwieZ©b ev eb DRvo, we‡kl K‡i ga¨ A¶vsk IMÖx®§gÛjxq GjvKvq ebvÂj a s‡mi mv¤cÖwZK cÖeYZv evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gi cwigvY e„w×K‡i‡Q|

wg _b : wkí wece Gi Av‡Mi Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b evqygÛ‡j wg‡_b M¨v‡mi cwigvY cÖvq wØ-¸Ye„w× †c‡q‡Q| Gi †ewkifvMB N‡U‡Q 1900 mv‡ji ci †_‡K| MZ 1960 ci †_‡K GBe„w×i cwigvY wQj cÖvq wÎk kZvsk| Aek¨ eZ©gvb eQi¸wj‡Z GB e„w×i cwigvY cÖwZ GK‡kv†KvwU fv‡M (wewjq‡b) 10-13 fvM (ppbv) K‡g hvIqvi cÖgvY †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| wg‡_bcÖK…wZMZfv‡e Rjvf~wg, cÖvYx‡ì gi‡`‡ni cPb, KxU-cZ½, mgy ª Ges †Lvjv cvwb †_‡KDrcb n‡q _v‡K| eZ©gvb mg‡q wg‡_b M¨v‡mi gvÎv e„w×i KviY¸wji †fZ‡i gvby‡li cÖPwjZK…wlKvR, cï cvjb, Rjvkq I bxPzRwg fivUKiY BZ¨vw` Kvh©Kjv‡ci f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|GQvovI Zz› ªv AÂ‡ji Zzlvi M‡j hvIqv, MvQcvjv-jZvcvZv ev Re ªe¨ cyov‡bv, cÖvK…wZKM¨v‡mi cvBcjvB‡bi wQ`ª w`‡q M¨vm wbM©Z nIqv Ges cïi Rvei KvUv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡gwg‡_b M¨v‡mi wbtmiY N‡U _v‡K| mv¤cÖwZK M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, Dbqbkxj †`k¸wje¨vcKfv‡e K…wl wbf©i nIqvq Gme‡`k wg‡_b wbtmi‡Yi eo Drm| evsjv‡`‡k we‡k¦i †gvUwg‡_b wbtmi‡Yi 1 †_‡K 2 kZvsk N‡U _v‡K| wg‡_b M¨v‡mi Avqy®‹vj CO2 Gi †P‡q KgGes Zv Ab¨vb¨ M¨v‡mi ms‡k‡li Ici wbf©i K‡i| wg‡_‡bi Avqy¯‹vj Kg nIqvq (Avqy gvÎ8 †_‡K 12 eQi) we‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b †h cwigv‡Y wg‡_b M¨vm Drcb n‡”Q †mB gvÎv‡K gvÎ 15kZvsk Kwg‡q Avb‡Z cvi‡j AvMvgx kZvãxi Rb¨ wg‡_‡bi e„w×‡K mwVK gvÎvq w¯’i ivLvm¤¢e n‡e|

bvBUªvm A·vBW: Ab¨vb¨ wMÖbnvDm M¨vm¸wji g‡ZvB evqygÛ‡j bvBUªvm A·vB‡Wi cwigvYIµgvMZ e„w× cv‡”Q| AvBwcwmwm5 wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 1990 mvj bvMv` evqygÛ‡j NO2 GicwigvY wQj cÖwZ 100 †KvwU fv‡Mi (wewjq‡b) 310 (ppbv) fvM| A_P wkí wece c~e©eZx©mg‡q GB cwigvY wQj cÖwZ 100 ‡KvwU (wewjqb) fv‡Mi g‡a¨ gvÎ 288 fvM| MZ `yBkZ‡K evqygÛ‡j NO2 Gi cwigvY 8 †_‡K 19 kZvsk e„w× †c‡q‡Q| evqygÛ‡j NO2

M¨v‡mi RxebKvj GK‡kv cÂvk eQi| NO2 Drcv`‡b gvby‡li †Kvb †Kvb Kvh©Kjvc `vqxZv wb‡q `xN© weZK© i‡q‡Q| mgy ª, gvwU, jeY, K…wl‡Z eëüZ G¨v‡gvwbqv mvi BZ¨vw` n‡”QcÖvK…wZK I gvbexq Kvh©Kjv‡ci Kvi‡Y Drcb bvBUªvm A·vB‡Wi Drm|

4 (WRI-1990 Gi wfwË Z)5 IPCC (IqvUmb et.al 1992)



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jvKve©b: gvby‡li wewfb Kvh©Kjv‡ci Kvi‡Y evqygÛ‡j n¨v‡jvKve©b6 wbM©gb n‡”Q|wMÖbnvDm cÖwZwµqvq ‡n‡jvKveb©mg~‡ni g‡a¨ †K¬v‡ivd¬z‡iv Kve©b me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKvcvjb K‡i _v‡K| GB wmGdwm M¨vm mvaviYZt †iwd«Rv‡iUi Zix I eënvi, ‡dvgcwiï×KiY cÖf„wZ Kv‡R e¨vcKfv‡e eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| c„w_ex‡Z Drcvw`Z †gvU wmGdwmM¨vmmg~‡ni 90 kZvs‡kiI †ewk DbZ wkívwqZ †`k¸wj‡Z Drcb n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`kevqygÛ‡j LyeB mvgvb¨ cwigvY wmGdwm M¨vm wbtmiY K‡i _v‡K| 1990 mvj bvMv` evqygÛ‡jwmGdwm M¨v‡mi Dcw ’wZ wQj cÖwZ GK nvRvi fv‡Mi g‡a¨ 484 fvM| wmGdwm Gi wbtmiYcÖwZ eQi e„w× cv‡”Q Ges evqygÛ‡j GB M¨v‡mi Dcw¯’wZi eZ©gvb nvi eRvq ivL‡Z n‡j GBM¨vm ywUi wbtmiY h_vµ‡g 70 kZvsk I 80 kZvsk nv‡i Kgv‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b D‡jL¨ †h,gw›Uªj ‡cÖv‡UvK‡j IRb —i ¶‡qi Rb¨ `vqx wmGdwm M¨vm¸wji wbtmiY 1998 mvj bvMv`Kwg‡q 1986 mv‡j Drcvw`Z gvÎvi A‡a©‡K G‡b uvo Kiv‡bvi j‡¶¨ GB M¨v‡mi Drcv`bwbq ¿Y Kiv nq| gw›Uªj cÖ‡UvK‡ji j¶¨ ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ 1990 mv‡ji jÛb Pzw³‡Z 2001mvj bvMv` wmGdwmÔi Drcv`b 1990 mv‡ji Drcv`‡bi h_vµ‡g GK- Z…Zxqvsk Ges A‡a©KcwigvY Kwg‡q Avbvi wm×v — †bqv nq|

Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb : Dw™¢` I cÖvYx‡`‡ni GKwU cÖavb Dcv`vb nj Kve©b, we‡klZ nvB‡WªvKve©b|Avi GB Kve©b mg„× Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi Rxevk¥ ev †`nve‡kl †_‡K Drcb Kqjv, †Zj IcÖvK„wZK M¨vm‡K Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb ejv nq| cÖvYx ev Dw™¢‡ì †`nve‡kl Zjvwb AvKv‡i f~-M‡f©¯—‡i ¯—‡i mwÂZ nq| jvL jvL eQi a‡i Gfv‡e mwÂZ Zjvwb f~-Mf© ’ Zvc I Pv‡c ax‡i ax‡iGgb GK i“c aviY K‡i hv‡K R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e mn‡RB eënvi Kiv hvq| gvbyl Gme Rxevk¥Zjvwb‡K hvw ¿K c×wZ‡Z AvniY K‡i Ges R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i _v‡K| Gme Rxevk¥Zjvwb‡K BÜb kw³ wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z G¸‡jv‡K cyov‡bv nq Ges Gi d‡j G¸wji †`n-mwÂZ Kve©b WvB-A·vBW †ei n‡q evZv‡m Qwo‡q c‡o, hv evqygÛ‡ji wMÖbnvDm cÖwZwµqvqeo ai‡bi f~wgKv iv‡L|

ewk¦K Dòvqb : gvbyl eûhyM a‡i ’vbxq cwi‡ek‡K cªfvweZ K‡i Avm‡Q| wK ‘ gvÎ MZkZ‡KB gvby‡li Kvh©Kjvc mgMÖ wek¦eë ’v‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi gZ Ae ’vq DbxZ n‡q‡Q|gvby‡li Aeva Kvh©Kjv‡ci d‡j B‡Zvg‡a¨B wek¦ cwi‡e‡ki MVb web¨vm e`‡j †M‡Q| e¨vcKwkívqb,eb DRvo I Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi eënvi eû¸Y e„w×i Kvi‡Y evqygÛ‡j wMÖbnvDmM¨vm¸wji cwigvY eû¸Y e„w× cvIqvq wek¦ AenvIqvgÛ‡j DËvc e„w× cv‡”Q| kxZ cÖavb†`k¸wj‡Z m&ewR Pv‡li Rb¨ Kuv‡Pi Ni Zix K‡i †hfv‡e evB‡i †_‡K Avmv Zvc‡K AvU‡KivLv nq, wVK †mfv‡eB evqygÛ‡ji wMÖbnvDm M¨vm¸wj m~‡h©i Zvc‡K AvU‡K iv‡L| evqygÛ‡j

6 G¨v‡ivmj, †iwd«Rv‡iUi, †dvg eënvi



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wMÖbnvDm M¨v‡mi cwigvY hZ e„w× cv‡e m~h© ZvcI evqygÛ‡j ZZ‡ewk K‡i AvU‡K _vK‡e|Gi d‡j Ab¨ me Ae ’v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡jI evqygÛ‡ji Mo ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡q f~-gÛj‡KDËß— K‡i Zzj‡e| f~-gÛ‡ji GB DËß nIqvi cÖwµqv‡KB ejv n‡”Q ewk¦K Dòvqb|

gvby li Kg©KvÛ Ges wMÖbnvDm M¨vm: gvby‡li bvbvgyLx Kvh©Kjv‡ci Kvi‡Y wek¦e¨vcx wMÖbnvDmM¨vm wbM©gb e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Av‡V‡iv kZ‡K wkí wec‡ei c‡i KjKviLvbvi msL¨v e¨vcKfv‡ee„w× cvIqv Ges f~wg eënv‡i cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wMÖbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gb eû¸Y e„w×†c‡q‡Q| wMÖbnvDm M¨vm e„w×i R‡b¨ †h me KviY `vqx (†hgb-Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb eënvi)†m¸‡jv GLb AvaywbK mf¨Zv I A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ A½v½xfv‡e Rwo‡q i‡q‡Q| G¸wjQvov AvaywbK Rxebhvcb AvR Avi KíbvI Kiv hvq bv| wK ‘ Gme Kg©Kv‡Ûi Rb¨ AveviwMÖbnvDm M¨v‡mi cwigvY e„w× cv‡”Q| †hgb- Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb `n‡bi Kvi‡Y, eb DRvo Kivid‡j, K…wl Drcv`b Gi Øviv Ges wkí KviLvbv I Ab¨vb¨ M¨v‡mi eënvi Kivq| I‡Rvb —i

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Aa¨vq -3Rjevqy cwieZ©b I KwZcq ev¯eZv

Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z †Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó AÂ‡ji, A_ev mviv we‡k¦i Mo AvenvIqvi`xN©‡gqvw` ’vqx cwieZ©b Ges AvenvIqvi ¯vfvweK Ae ’vi cwie‡Z© Pigfvevcb AvenvIqviwe —vi‡K eySvq| AvenvIqvi Dcv`vbmg~n †hgb, ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, evqycÖevn cÖf„wZi ai‡bicwieZ©b Øviv GB Rjevqy cwieZ©b cwigvc Kiv nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµv — Av —tivóªxqcwil` (AvBwcwmwm)Õi Z…Zxq mgx¶v wi‡cvU© †_‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wek¦e¨vcx cÖfve7 wKiKg Zv bx‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:-

K) ewk¦K Dòvqb: Rjevqy g‡Wjmg~n Abyhvqx AZ¨waK RbmsL¨vi Pvc Ges KvwiMwicwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y 1990 mvj †_‡K 2100 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎv 1.40 †mjwmqvm†_‡K 5.80 †mjwmqvm ch© — e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| GB wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ wmGdwmÕi ¶wZKviK cÖfveI mgy‡`ªi axij‡qi cwieZ©b‡KI A —f©~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI AÂj I FZz‡f‡` ZvcgvÎvKZUv e„w× cv‡e Zv AviI †ewk AwbwðZ| kxZj DËivÂjxq GjvKvq kxZKv‡j ZvcgvÎv†ewk e„w× cv‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q| G‡¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ Abygvb n‡”Q †h-2100 mvj bvMv`we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎvi 4 wWwMÖ ‡_‡K 7 wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm cwigvY e„w× NU‡Z cv‡i| wK ‘ GKB mg‡qDËivÂ‡ji KvbvWv, wMÖbj¨vÛ I DËi Gwkqvi kxZKvjxb ZvcgvÎv 40 kZvs†kiI †ewk e„w×cv‡e| mgy ª †_‡K ~‡i Aew ’Z ev gnv‡`‡ki Af¨ —ifv‡M ª“Z ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡e| †mBZzjbvq DcK‚jeZx© AÂ‡j ZvcgvÎv †`wi‡Z ev axi MwZ‡Z e„w× cv‡e| gvwU ev f~-Z¡‡KiZzjbvq mgy ªc„ô ev mgy‡`ªi cvwb axi MwZ‡Z Dò nq| Zvc ev m~h©v‡jvK mgy‡`ªi cvwbi KZUvMfx‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡Q Zvi Ici wbf©i K‡i mgy‡`ªi cvwbi Dò n‡q IVvi MwZ| GKvi‡Y wMÖbj¨v‡Ûi `w¶‡Y Aew¯’Z AvUjvw›UK gnvmvMi Ges G›UvwU©Kvi cv‡k Aew ’Z `w¶YmvMi †`wi‡Z Dò n‡e| †Kbbv, f~-Dcwifv‡Mi ZvcgvÎvi mgch©v‡q †h‡Z Gme mvM‡i AviI†ewk cwigvY cvwb‡K Dò n‡Z n‡e|

L) mgy ª c ôi D PZv ew× : Rjevqy g‡Wj¸wj‡Z 2100 mvj bvMv` mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv M‡o9 †mt wgt †_‡K 88 †mt wgt ch© — evo‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgy‡ ªi DcwiZ‡jiZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡q cvwbi cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ Ges wngev‡ni eidMjv cvwb mgy‡`ª G‡m wg‡k mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× Ki‡e| wek¦ MVb cÖwµqvq GLb cÖPzi AwP —bxq NUbv NU‡Q, †hgb- †mªv‡Zi¯fve e`jv‡”Q, ’vbxq f~-Av‡jvob I Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y ’vbxq I AvÂwjK mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv

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¯^vfvweK nv‡ii PvB‡Z †ewk cwigvY e„w× cv‡”Q ev K‡g hv‡”Q| wMÖbj¨vÛ I G›UvwU©KviZzlvicvZ †ewk nIqvi cÖwZwµqvq ev wecix‡Z Zzlvi Ave„Z GB `yB AÂ‡j eo eo eidUzK‡iv M‡j hvIqvi nvi wKQyUv †e‡o‡Q| hw` m~h©v‡jvK mgy‡ ªi cvwbi AviI wb‡Pi —‡i cÖ‡ekK‡i mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡K Dò K‡i †Zv‡j Ges eid M‡j hvIqvi nvi hw` eRvq _v‡K Zvn‡j f~-Z¡‡Ki ZvcgvÎv AcwieZ©bxq _vK‡jI mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× cv‡e|

M) f~wgi A avMgb : f~c„ô nVvr a ‡m ‡M‡j ev ax‡i ax‡i Lvov ev cÖvq Lvovfv‡e e‡m †M‡jZv‡K f~wgi A‡avMgb ejv nq| f~wgi A‡avMg‡bi R‡b¨ f~wgK¤ú, f~-¯—‡ii ¯’vb cwieZ©b, f~-Mf© †_‡K cvwb D‡Ëvjb Ges Kv`vgvwU I Rxev‡k¥i wgkªb cÖf„wZ‡K `vqx Kiv hvq| mgy ª c„ô†_‡K †Kvb ¯’v‡bi D”PZv K‡g hvIqv ev †ewk nIqvi †cQ‡b H ¯’v‡b cwj Ae‡¶cY I f~wgA‡avMg‡bi wgwjZ wµqvi nvi KvR K‡i _v‡K| cwj Ae‡¶c‡Yi Kvi‡Y †Kvb GjvKvimgybwZ (mgy ª c„ô †_‡K D”PZv) e„w× †c‡q _v‡K|

N) ewócvZ Ges f~-Z¡ Ki Ae¯v : Rjevqy g‡Wj¸wj†Z wek¦e¨vcx †gvU e„wócvZ e„w× cv‡e e‡javiYv Kiv n‡”Q; wK ‘ ‡mB m‡½ ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q e„wócvZ K‡g hvIqvi cÖej m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|GKzk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© DËi ga¨vÂj †_‡K D”P A¶vs‡ki †`k¸wjI G›UvwU©Kv‡Z kxZKvjxbe„wócv‡Zi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e| Rjevqy g‡Wj¸wj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, wKQy GjvKvq e„wócv‡ZicwigvY e„w× cv‡e, Avi wKQy GjKvq e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY K‡g hv‡e| A‡÷ªwjqv, ga¨ Av‡gwiKvI `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq kxZKvjxb e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY K‡g hv‡e| †ewk e„wó I Zzlvicv‡Zi Kvi‡YD”P A¶vsk, A_©vr DËi †Mvjv‡a©i †`k¸wj‡Z kxZKv‡j †fRv AvenvIqv _vK‡e| wK ‘ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvIqvi Kvi‡Y MÖx®§Kv‡j gvwU ïK‡bv n‡q hv‡e| ’vbxq f~wgi ‡ci †¶‡Î gvwUiAv`ª©Zv ev Rjxqev®ú aviY ¶gZv K…wli Rb¨ AZ¨ — cÖ‡qvRbxq GKwU welq| wK ‘ GL‡bvch© — Rjevqy g‡Wj¸wji mvnv‡h¨ gvwUi GB Av`ª©Zv‡K mwVKfv‡e cwigvc Kiv k³| G Kvi‡YGL‡bv ch© — mwVK K‡i ejv hv‡”Q bv †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j gvwUi MÖx®§Kvjxb Av`ª©Zvevo‡e bvwK Kg‡e|

O) Pigfvevcb AvenvIqvi we¯vi Ges y h©vM : Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j AvenvIqviPigfvevcb cÖeYZv¸wji we¯—vi NU‡e| we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j Mig w`‡bi cwiwa I ZvccÖevn evo‡e| Av ª© w`‡bi msL¨v Kg‡e, K‡g hv‡e kxZKv‡ji cwiwa| Rjevqy g‡Wjmg~nAbyhvqx †ek wKQy AÂ‡j Nb Nb AwZel©Y †`L‡Z cvIqv hv‡e| Avi Ab¨w`‡K Av —tgnv‡`kxqAÂ‡j MÖx®§Kv‡j Livi cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cv‡e| GQvovI Ggb wKQy Z_¨ cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q hv †_‡KAbygvb Kiv n‡”Q †h, wKQy GjvKvq cªej So-SvcUv I fvix e„wócv‡Zi m‡½ m‡½ mvB‡K¬vb evN~wY©S‡oi cÖ‡Kvc Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e|



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P) Kwl eë¯v I Lv`¨ wbivcËv: we‡k¦i me RvqMvq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZwµqv GKB iKgn‡e bv| D”P A¶vsk AÂ‡j kxZ FZzi cwiwa K‡g Avmv, K…wl Drcv`‡bi mgqmxgv e„w× Geskm¨ Drcv`b e„w×i g‡Zv BwZevPK cÖwZwµqv †`L‡Z cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K †ewki fvMK…wl AÂjmg~‡n mxwgZ Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b eRvq ivLvi †¶‡Î bvbvwea cÖwZK‚j cÖwZwµqviKvi‡Y Lv`¨ mieiv‡n NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| K…wl †¶‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨cÖwZwµqvi wPÎ wb‡P Zz‡j aiv nj-

1. myweavcÖvß Ges Avk¼vRbK Kwl AÂj: MÖx®§gÛj Ges Gi cvk¦eZx© AÂ‡j ZvccÖevne„w×, †g mygx evqyi aiY cwieZ©b Ges Abve„wó ev Livi Kvi‡Y K…wl Drcv`b K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i|Ab¨w`‡K DËi KvbvWv I BD‡iv‡ci gZ kxZcÖavb AÂ‡j MÖx®§ FZzi `xN©¯’vwqZ¡ G AÂ‡jiK…wl Drcv`b evwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| D”P A¶vs‡ki Rjevqy AÂj¸wj‡Z cwieZ©b †ewk n‡Zcv‡i| †Kbbv DËi I `w¶Y †gi“i wbKUeZx© AÂj¸wji Mo ZvcgvÎv wbi¶‡iLvi KvQvKvwQAÂj¸wji †P‡q †ewk n‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q| ga¨8 A¶vs‡ki Rjevqy AÂj KZK¸wjwe‡kl dmj Drcv`‡bi AbyKzj| ZvB G AÂ‡ji Rjevqy cv‡ë †M‡j Zv K…wl I Mevw` cïiDrcv`b‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ — Ki‡e|

2. ewócvZ I ZvcgvÎvi ai b cwieZ©b : AvenvIqv g‡Wj Abyhvqx cieZx© GK‡kv eQ‡iig‡a¨ wek¦ DòZv cÖvq 3 `kwgK 50 †mt e„w×i m‡½ m‡½ ev®úxfeb Ges evwife‡b cwieZ©bNU‡e| B‡Zvg‡a¨B Liv cÖeY wKQy GjvKvq cÖPÛ ï®‹Zvi `xN© cvjv ïi“ n‡q †M‡Q| wKQyGjvKv nq‡Zv Avevi Rjve×Zvq Avµv — n‡e, wKQy GjvKv gvwUi Av ª©Zv nviv‡e| FZzcwieZ©‡bi d‡j ga¨ A¶vs‡ki gnv‡`kxq AÂ‡j MÖx‡®§ gvwUi Av`ª©Zv K‡g hv‡e, Avevi D”PA¶vsk AÂ‡j kx‡Z †ewk K‡i e„wó Ges Zzlvi co‡e| Zv‡ci AvwaK¨ K…wl Drcv`‡b MfxicÖfve †dj‡e| †hgb kxZKv‡ji `N © K‡g hvIqvq wKQy dmj DcK…Z n‡e, Avevi wKQy dmjcvwb ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y D”P Zv‡c ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡e| GQvovI KxU cZ½ Ges †iv‡Mi we —v‡ii Kvi‡Ykm¨nvbxi Avk¼v e„w× cv‡e|

3. Gkxq Kwl ewk ó¨ cÖwZwµqv: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y †bcvj, Pxb Ges f~Uv‡bi DPzugvjf~wg GjvKvi gZ Zzlviv”Qb GjvKvq MÖx®§ FZyi ’vwqZ¡ e„w× K…lK‡ì Rb¨ Avk©xev` e‡qAvb‡e| wVK GB mg‡q km¨ Drcv`‡b ‰ewP‡Îï Afve Aí wKQy dm‡ji Dci †ewk Pvc ZixKi‡e| we‡klK‡i †hme AÂj GKwU gvÎ dm‡ji wbweo Pv‡li Ici †ewk wbf©ikxj †mmeAÂ‡j SzwK †ewk e„w× cv‡e| ZvcgvÎvq cwieZ©b, cvwbP‡µ cwieZ©b, wngcv‡Zi ïi“ I†k‡li mg‡q cwieZ©b cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y ‡ivM msµgY I KxU cZ‡½i we —vi NU‡e|

8 450 †_‡K 600 A¶vsk



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mgy`ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j evsjv‡`k, wgki, B‡›`v‡bwkqv Ges gvjØx‡ci gZ wbPz AÂ‡ji†`k¸wj‡Z DcK‚jxq cveb, jeY cvwbi AbycÖ‡ek Ges cvwb wb®‹vkb eë ’vq RwUjZv e„w×cv‡e|4. Kve©b WvB-A·vBW M¨v mi wbtmiY ew× Ges ewa©Z Drcv`b: Kve©b WvB A·vB‡WiD”PgvÎv C3 type Dw™¢‡ì mv‡jvKms‡klY evwo‡q †`q Ges cÖ‡k¦ b NUvq| we‡k¦i†ewkifvM `vbvkm¨ cÖRvwZ GB †kªYxi A —f~³| GB C3 type Dw™¢ †kªYx wek¦e¨vcx we‡klK‡i Av`ª© Ges kxZj cwi‡e‡ki we‡kl Dc‡hvMx| †ewkifvM dmj †hgb-Mg, avb, he,K¨vkfv9 Ges Avjy‡K G †kªYxi ZvwjKvf~³ Kiv hvq| M‡elYv Øviv cÖgvwYZ †h Kve©b WvB-A·vB‡Wi NbZ¡ wØ¸Y n‡j wm-3 UvBc dm‡ji djb 30 kZvsk ch© — e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i|Aek¨ ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, gnvgvix, KxUcZ½ Ges cywói †hvMvb BZ¨vw`‡Z cwieZ©b GB djbe„w×i nvi‡K Kgv‡Z ev evov‡Z cv‡i| fyÆv, AvL, †Rvqvi Ges eRivi gZ dmj‡K wm-4UvB‡ci (C4 type) ‡kªYxf~³ Kiv nq, hv A‡bK Dbqbkxj †`‡ki AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨Drcv`‡b Ges cï cvj‡bi Rb¨ LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y PviYf~wgiDrcv`b K‡g hvIqvi d‡j Mevw` cïi `vg †e‡o hv‡e Ges G‡jv‡g‡jv K…wl eë ’vi my‡hv‡Mk‡mï `vgI †e‡o hv‡e|

5. `wi ª-f~wgnxb ì Lv`¨ wbivcËvi Ici cÖej Pvc: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ LvcLvB‡q†bqvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kivi ciI A‡bK †`k NvUwZ Drcv`b AwfÁZvi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cv‡i|Liv cÖeYZv e„w× ev ï®‹ eQ‡ii we¯—vi ’vbxq `wi`ª I wew”Qb f~wgnxb‡ì Lv`¨ wbivcËv‡Kbvbvfv‡e ¶wZMÖ — Ki‡e| evwYR¨ †¶‡Î wcwQ‡q _vKv, ~e©j AeKvVv‡gv, Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ ewÂZGes ¯^k ¿ msNvZ KewjZ `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi c‡¶ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j K…wl‡Z m„ócÖwZwµqvi m‡½ Gu‡U DV‡Z cviv m¤¢e n‡&”Q bv| we‡k¦i `wi`ªZg GjvKv¸wj K…wl eë¯’vi Iciwbf©ikxj _vKvi Kvi‡Y Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi gvivZ¥K SuywKi gy‡L i‡q‡Q|

Q) mgy ªmgZj, gnvmvMi Ges DcKjxq GjvKv: DcK‚j †iLvi ewkó¨, mgy ª †mªv‡ZicwieZ©b, †Rvqv‡ii cwieZ©b I f~wgi D”PZvi iKg‡d‡ii Kvi‡Y Ges ¯’vbxq I AvÂwjKewk‡óï Ici mgy`ª c„‡ôi cwieZ©‡bi gvÎv, we —…wZ I MwZc_ wbf©i Ki‡e| G‡¶‡Î gvby‡liKvh©KjvcI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡e| DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j iv —vNvU, evwo-Ni, euva I Ab¨vbÄeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i gy‡L DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji cÖwZ‡ekxK eë ’vi¯vfvweK mvov`v‡bi ¶gZv‡K mxgve× ev cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

9 MÖx®§ cÖavb †`‡ki we‡kl ai‡Yi Dw™¢



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1. mgy ª-c ôi D PZv ew×: MZ GK‡kv eQ‡i wek¦e¨vcx mgy ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv M‡o 10 †_‡K 25†mw›UwgUvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Rjevqy g‡Wjmg~‡n Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q 2001 mvj bvMv` mgy`ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv Av‡iv 15 †_‡K 95 †mw›UwgUvi ch© — e„w× cv‡e| mgy‡ ªi cvwbùxwZi Rb¨mgy‡ ªi cvwbi Zvcxq cÖmviY Ges wngevn I eidMjv cvwbi AwZ AvMgbB `vqx| MZ GK‡kveQ‡ii Zzjbvq mgy‡`ªi cvwbi yB †_‡K cuvP¸Y †ewk e„w× NU‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q| hvAvMvgx cÖvq GK‡kv eQi a‡i mgy ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e| mgy ª-c„‡ôi D”PZve„w×i †cQ‡b ZvcgvÎv e„w×, cvwbi Zvcxq cÖmviY,mgy`ª †mªv‡Zi cwieZ©b, cwj Ae‡¶cYBZ¨vw` A‡bK¸wj cÖvK…wZK kw³i f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j MwZkxj eë¯’v weivRgvb|eb¨v, Pigfvevcb AvenvIqv, cwj fivU cÖwµqv, KvVv‡gvMZ I cÖvYxR cÖwZi¶v eë ’v GesAb¨vb¨ ’vbxq cÖvK…wZK eë ’vi m‡½ mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i wg_w¯qv NU‡e|

2. DcKjxq AÂj I Øxcmg~ ni Ici cÖej Pvc: eZ©gvb mg‡q DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j wbweoDbqb Kg©KvÛ MÖnY Kiv n‡jI mgy`ªùxwZi Kvi‡Y DcK‚jxq AÂj I †QvU †QvU ØxçwjgvivZ¥K SuywKi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| mgy`ªùxwZi Kvi‡Y `~e©j A_©bxwZ I cwiKvVv‡gv m¤úbDbqbkxj †`k¸wj †hgb myMfxi SzwKi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb DbZ †`k¸wji DcK‚jeZx© wbPzGjvKv¸wjI GB mgy`ª ùxwZi Kvi‡Y gvivZ¥K SzwKi g‡a¨ Av‡Q| mgy`ª-c„‡ôi eZ©gvb D”PZvigvÎ GK wgUvi cwigvY e„w× NU‡jB Di“¸‡qi cÖvq ïb¨ `kwgK cvuP kZvsk, †b`vij¨v‡Ûi cÖvq6 kZvsk, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq 17 `kwgK cvuP kZvsk Ges cÖevj MwVZ gvk©vj Øx‡ci cÖvq 80kZvsk mgy‡`ª Wy‡e hv‡e| GQvov jeY cvwbi AvMÖvm‡b wgwó cvwbi ¸Y I gvb nvwi‡q hv‡e|D”PgvÎvi mgy`ªùxwZ-R‡jv”Q¡vm, f~-K¤úb, N~wY©So cÖf„wZ Pigfvevcb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi gvÎve„w× Ki‡e| mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi Ke‡j B‡Zvg‡a¨B cÖvq 4 †KvwU 60 jvL †jvK ¶wZMÖ¯—n‡q‡Q, hv‡ì AwaKvskB Avevi Dbqbkxj †`‡ki Awaevmx| M‡elYvq cÖvß Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv†M‡Q, mgy‡`ªi cvwbi —i gvÎ 50 †mtwgt evo‡j AviI cÖvq 9 †KvwU 20 jvL gvbyl ¶wZMÖ¯—n‡e, Avi GK wgUvi mgy`ªùxwZ NU‡j cÖvq GK‡kv AvVv‡iv ‡KvwU gvbyl ¶wZMÖ — n‡e|DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j we‡k¦i cwieZ©bkxj I ewPÎ¨gq cÖwZ‡ekxK eë ’v †hgb,g¨vb‡MÖvfebvÂj,cÖevj cÖvPxi cÖf„wZ i‡q‡Q| DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji ms‡e`bkxj wbPz e-Øxc mgf~wg, cÖevjØxc I cÖevj cÖvPximg~n e„wócvZ I So-SÅvi gvÎv e„w×i Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ — nIqvi m¤¢vebvi‡q‡Q| mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i m‡½ Zvjwgwj‡q cÖevj mÂq ª“ZZi n‡jI ZvcgvÎv e„w×iKvi‡Y cÖev‡ji e„w× I mÂq ¶wZMÖ — n‡Z cv‡i|

3. cÖavb A_© bwZK ¶Îmg~ n bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv : cÖavb cÖavb A_©‰bwZK †¶Îmg~nmgy`ªùxwZi d‡j ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡e| DcK‚jxq AÂj K…wl,grm¨, RjR Rxe I Lv`¨ k‡mï GK eoAvavi hv mgy`ªùxwZi d‡j SuywKi m¤§yLxb| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ †¶Î †hgb-ch©Ub, gvbe emwZGes exgv eë ’v ¶wZi Ke‡j co‡e| Avmb GB mgy ª ùxwZ we‡k¦i wbgf~wg I cvebmgf~wgmg~n‡K cvweZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Avwaevmx‡ì‡K DcK‚jxq AÂj I Øxcmg~‡ni emwZ



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†_‡K m‡i †h‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e| Awfevmx‡ì ’vbv —‡ii d‡j mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix†`k¸wj‡Z Lv`¨-evm ’vb-Kg©ms ’vbmn AeKvV‡gvMZ Ges gvbweK I ¯v ’ MZ bvbv m¼‡Uim‡½ eû bZzb ai‡bi m¼‡Ui Rb¥ †`‡e|

4. mgy`ª Ges Gi B Kvwm ÷g: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j mvM‡ii cÖwZ‡ekxK eë ’vI(B‡Kvwm‡÷g) cÖfvweZ n‡e| ZvQvov Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ‡h‡Z mvM‡i R‡g _vKv eidAveiY ¶‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| MZ wek eQ‡ii g‡a¨ AvK©wU‡K 14 kZvsk Ges 1950 †_‡K 1970mv‡ji g‡a¨ G›UvK©wUKvi 25 kZvsk eid AveiY ¶q cÖvß n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Ymgy`ª‡mªv‡Zi aib, cvwbi Dj¤ wgkªY Ges Zi‡½i aibI cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| GBcwieZ©‡bi d‡j Re Drcv`bkxjZv, cÖwZ‡ek KvVv‡gvq cywói ch©vß †hvMvb I mvgyw`&ªKcÖwZ‡ek eë ’vi Kvh©KvixZvI cÖfvweZ n‡e e‡j g‡b nq| ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y †KvbAÂ‡ji cÖPwjZ Rxe-‰ewPÎ¨ †f ‡MvwjK Ae ’vb cv‡ë Ab¨ †Kv_vI ’vbv —i n‡Z cv‡i|we‡kl K‡i D”P-A¶vsk GjvKv¸wj †hLv‡b cÖRvwZ¸wji †e‡o IVvi mgq e„w× cv‡e (Av‡jv Icywói †RvMvb AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e a‡i wb‡q) e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q †mLv‡b Rxe cÖRvwZi‡f ‡MvwjK Ae ’vb cwieZ©b nIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| mgy‡ ªi cÖwZ‡ek eë ’vq cv¼U‡bi ¸i“Z¡Acwimxg| mgy‡`ª mwÂZ Kve©b‡K mgy‡`ªi Dcwifv‡Mi cvwbi mv‡jvK-ms‡klx cv¼Ub IAb¨vb¨ cÖvYx †L‡q †d‡j| ZvB ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Kvi‡Y mvgyw ªK cv¼U‡bi Kv‡R †Kvb cwieZ©bNU‡j Zv Kve©b we‡kvab I mÂ‡q cÖwZwµqv Zix Ki‡e| Gi cÖfve Rjevqy eë ’vq cybtcÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i hv Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K cÖkwgZ ev MwZkxj †h †KvbwU Ki‡Z cv‡i|wgwó cvwbi A —tcÖevn I cvwbi Avav‡ii AvKv‡ii Ici wbf©ikxj DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji wgwó cvwbmieivn Kg-†ewk SuywKi gy‡L co‡e| cwj Ae‡¶c‡Yi nvi ’vbxq mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i†P‡q Kg n‡e, bv †ewk n‡e Zvi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Q †jvbv Rjvf~wg I g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂ‡ji wU‡K_vKv| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI cwj mÂqb mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i nv‡ii †P‡q †ewk n‡e| cwjmg„× AÂj¸wj‡Z †hgb-A‡÷ªwjqvq, GgbwU NU‡e| Avi †Kv_vI kw³kvjx mvgyw ªK †mªvZAe‡¶wcZ cwj‡K Qwo‡q wQwU‡q †`‡e| d‡j Gme AÂ‡j kw³kvjx mvgyw`ªK †mªv‡Zi Kvi‡Ycwj mÂq Kg n‡e| K¨vwiweq AÂ‡j GgbwU †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|

R) Rb¯v¯¨ I RbemwZ: Rjevqy cwieZ©b gvbe ¯^v ’¨ I RbemwZmg~‡ni Ici `xN©‡gqv`xcÖfve †djvi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ¯v ’ mgm¨v e„w× cv‡e| Rb¯v ’ g~jZwbf©i K‡i chv©ß Lv`¨, wbivc` cvwb, wbivc` evm ’vb, fvj mvgvwRK Ae ’v, h‡_vchy³cwi‡ek Ges msµvgK †ivM wbq ¿‡Y DbZ mvgvwRK web¨vm ev m‡PZbZvi Ici| ZvBPigfvevcb AvenvIqvi ZxeªZv e„w× ev `xN© ’vwqZ¡ gvbe ^v‡ ’ i cÖwZ eo ai‡bi ûgwK ZixKi‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖwZwµqv, †hgb-ZvccÖevn, eb¨v, So I Livi g‡Zvy‡h©vM¸wji Kvi‡Y g„Zz , Amy ’Zv, ~wf©¶, †`kv —imn †iv‡Mi e¨vcK cÖv yf©ve I mvgvwRK

Aw ’iZv Zix n‡Z cv‡i| weÁvbxiv Abygvb Ki‡Qb †h, wKQy wKQy GjvKv AwZ eb¨v ev Livq



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Avµv — n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov DcK‚jxq GjvKvi myi¶v eë ’vi h_vh_ Dbqb Kiv bv n‡j mgy ªmgZ‡ji D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y mvgyw ªK cveb gvivZ¥K ch©v‡q †c uQy‡e|

1. iv Mi cÖv ~©fve: Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖwZwµqv, †hgb-Zvc cÖevn, eb¨v, So Ges Livig‡Zv cÖvK…wZK y‡hv©M¸wji Kvi‡Y g„Zz , Amy ’Zv, ywf©¶, †`kv —ix nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ wewfb†iv‡Mi cÖv yf©ve Ges mvgvwRK Aw ’iZv ‰Zwi n‡Z cv‡i| weÁvbxiv Abygvb Ki‡Qb †h, wKQywKQy GjvKv AwZeb¨v ev AwZ Livi Ke‡j co‡e| KxUcZ½ Ges wewfb †iv‡Mi evnK bZzbbZzb GjvKvq Qwo‡q co‡e| GQvov KxUcZ½ I Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡g evwnZ n‡q bZzb bZzbGjvKvq †iv‡Mi we —vi NU‡Z cv‡i|

2. cvwb m¤ú` I cqtwb® vkb eë¯vi Dci cvwb mieiv n NvUwZi cÖfve: cqtwb®‹vkb,†mPmnwewfb Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq I cv‡bvc‡hvMx cvwbi mieivn evavMÖ — n‡e-hv AvÂwjK cvwbeë ’vcbvi m¶gZv Kwg‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| Avevi mivmwi D‡ËvwjZ I mieivnK…Z cvwb‡Ze¨vK‡Uwiqv Ges Ab¨vb¨ gvB‡µv-AM©vwbRg Gi cwigvY e„w× ‡c‡Z cv‡i| weï× cvwbi NvUwZgvbyl‡K b`xi cvwbi gZ `~wlZ cvwb eënvi Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i _v‡K| hvi d‡j Wvqwiqv RvZxqcvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi e¨vcKZv e„w× cv‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y Liv cÖeYZv e„w×, cvwbNvUwZ I cqtwb®‹vkb eë ’vi Av‡iv AebwZ NU‡e| GQvov Lv`¨ NvUwZi d‡j Acywó I ¶zavigZ ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v `xN©vwqZ n‡e| cqtwb®‹vkb AwZwi³ cvwbi wb®‹vkb I AveR©bv wb®‹vkbeë ’v¸wji mg qnxbZv ¯v ’ MZ mgm¨v e„w× Ki‡e|

3. MvwjK wefvRb Ges iv Mi we¯vi: D”P A¶vsk Ges `ªvwNgvsk GjvKv¸wj‡Z gkv,ciRxex KxU Ges Bu`yi RvZxq (Zx¶è ùvZ wewkó ¶z`ª cÖvYx) Rx‡ei we —vi NU‡e| eZ©gv‡b wek¦RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 45 kZvsk gvbyl g¨v‡jwiqv cÖeY AÂ‡j emevm K‡i _v‡Kb| Rjevqy g‡WjAbyhvqx A¶vsk Ges ªvwNgv‡iLvi cÖv —xq GjvKv¸wj‡Z †ivM cÖev‡ni ai‡b weivU cwieZ©bAvm‡e| GB AÂj¸wj eZ©gv‡b g¨v‡jwiqv Avk¼vMÖ — AÂj| Avi GB cÖv —eZ©x AÂ‡j DbZ†ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’vI M‡o I‡Vwb| ‡g mygx Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †g mygx ‡ivMe¨vaxmnAb¨vb¨ †ivMmsµgY Ges gkvevwnZ (†W½y, njy R¡i cÖf„wZ) I ciRxex KxU evwnZ (†jBgwWwRR BZ¨vw`) eû ai‡bi †iv‡Mi we —vi NU‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©b Øviv cÖ‡ivwPZ m¤¢ve¨ ^v ’mgm¨vi (†hgb- GjvR©x Ges k¦vm msµv — †ivMe¨vax cÖf„wZ) ZvwjKv Av‡iv j¤v n‡e| GKBmg‡q ~lYKvix wewfb c`v‡_©i cÖfv‡e mvgyw ªK Lv`Ï gvivZ¥K SuywKi g‡a¨ co‡e|

4. SuywKc~Y© gvbe emwZ: †h me gvbe emwZ evwYwR¨K grm¨ AvniY, cÖPwjZ K…wl eë ’v IAb¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Dr‡mi Ici †ewk wbf©ikxj †m me emwZ Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZcÖwZwµqvq †ewk SuywKi gy‡L i‡q‡Q| GQvovI wbPy AÂj I e-Øxcmg~n, DcK‚jeZx© eokni¸wj, eb¨v cveb f~wg‡Z M‡o IVv ¶z`ª ¶z`ª emwZ, cvnvwo GjvKv, ebvÂ‡j M‡o IVv gvbe



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emwZ (hv wKbv `vevb‡ji ûgwK‡Z co‡Z cv‡i) Ges cwi‡ek Ae¶‡q Avµv — gvbeemwZmg~n Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ SuywKi gy‡L i‡q‡Q| Avi Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZcÖwZwµqv¸wji me©‡¶‡ÎB `wi ªZg Rb‡Mvôx me‡P‡q †ewk gvÎvq ¶wZMÖ — n‡e|

mgy`ª DcK‚jeZx© A‡bK AÂ‡j eûwea Dbqb N‡U‡Q | Gme DcK‚jeZx© AÂ‡j RbmewZ,wkí-e›ì I eûgyLx AeKvVv‡gv M‡o ‡Zvjv n‡q‡Q| wK ‘ mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×, N~wY©So,eb¨v cÖf„wZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi gy‡L c‡o NbemwZc~Y© A‡bK DcK‚jxq GjvKv, Dbqbkxj†`k¸wji mgy`ªZxieZx© AÂj I ¶z`ª Øxçwj †_‡K gvbyl †`‡ki wfZ‡ii w`‡K m‡i †h‡Zcv‡i-hv H me †`‡ki AeKvVv‡gvi Ici evowZ Pvc Zix Ki‡e|

S) RjevqyRwbZ y h©vM Ges AvenvIqvi PigfvevcbZvRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ZvccÖevn, ZzlvicvZ, eb¨v, Liv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Pigfvevcbcwiw ’wZi D™¢e n‡Z cv‡i| gvbe Rxeb I we‡k¦i cÖwZ‡ek eë ’vi Ici Rjevqyi cÖfve‡KMÖvn¨ bv K‡iB ¯vfvweK ev c~e©eZx© Ae ’v †_‡K Rjevqyi e¨vcK I my úó cwieZ©b‡KBRjevqyi Pigfvevcb Ae ’v ejv n‡q _v‡K| Avi Rjevqyi Pigfvevcb Ae ’v hLb gvby‡li¯vfvweK Rxeb hvÎvq gvivZ¥K cÖfve †d‡j ZLb Zv‡K RjevqyRwbZ y‡h©vM ejv nq|evqygÛ‡ji evB‡ii kw³, †hgb-Av‡MqwMwii AM~rcvZ ev m~h© kw³i ZviZ‡gï m‡½ m‡½Rjevqyi Dcv`vbmn mgy`ª, RxegÛj, eid AveiY, f~-Z¡K cÖf„wZiI cwieZ©b NU‡Z cv‡i|Gj wb‡bv `wLYv Av‡jvob Gi cÖfv‡e Gme GjvKvq Af¨ —ixb wg_w¯qvi MwZI e„w× cv‡e|

1. Aiw¶Z gvbeRxeb Ges Pigfvevcb Rjevqy I ~ h©vM: we‡k¦i wKQy As‡k RjevqyiAvKw®§K `yN©Ubv GZ Nb Nb N‡U †h G¸‡jv GKUv ¯vfvweK wbqg e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq| AviwMÖbnvDm M¨vm GB Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i-hv Rjevqyi PigfvevcbZv I y‡h©vM Gy‡UviB ZxeªZv, cÖmviZv I PwiÎ cv‡ë †`q| we‡k¦i en As‡ki RbMY cÖvK…wZKfv‡e Aiw¶Z

I cÖvw —K AÂ‡j emevm Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Qb| GQvovI †ewk SuywKcÖeY Rjevqy AÂ‡j g~jëvbcÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Avavi M‡o D‡V‡Q-hv Rjevqyi Lvg‡Lqvwjcbvq evievi ¶wZMÖ — n‡qAvm‡Q| 1995 mv‡ji MÖx‡®§ hy³iv‡óªi ga¨-cwðgvÂ‡j Ges fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k `ve`vnAvNvZ nv‡b| Ryb gv‡mi ZvcgvÎv 500 †mjwmqv‡miI †ewk n‡q DËi fvi‡Z cuvP‡kvi †ewkGes hy³iv‡óª mvZ‡kvi †ewk gvby‡li g„Zzï KviY nq| DËi Avwd«Kvi ‡mvnvBj AÂ‡j 1970n‡Z bq eQie¨vcx evwl©K e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY GB kZvãxi cÖ_g mvZ `kK A‡c¶v cÖvq 20kZvsk K‡g †h‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| hv H AÂ‡ji ¯^vfvweK cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Avavi¸wj‡KgvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ — K‡i|

2. Pigfvevcb Rjevqyi we¯vi Ges y h©v Mi MwZew×: Rjevqyi Mo ev ^vfvweK Ae ’vi†Kvb iè`j NU‡j Zv Aek¤¢vexi ‡c y‡h©v‡Mi Pigve ’vi ZxeªZv‡K e„w× Ki‡e| mvaviYfv‡e



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ejv hvq †h, Zvc cÖevn e„w×i d‡j wngKYvi cZb ev ZzlvicvZ K‡g hv‡e Ges AwZwi³e„wócv‡Zi d‡j wKQy wKQy GjvKv eb¨vq cvweZ n‡e| MÖx®§gÛjxq AÂ‡j mgy‡ ªi ZvcgvÎve„w×i d‡j MÖx®§Kvjxb N~wY©So (mvB‡K¬vb) Gi gvÎv I ZxeªZv e„w× cvIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|GQvovI Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y Ab¨vb¨ welq †hgb-evqy cÖevn I S‡oi MwZc‡_ cwieZ©bAvm‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y Avmb Gme AwbwðZ cwiw ’wZ h‡_ó gb‡hv‡Mi `vexiv‡L|

T) Rxe- ewPÎ¨ Ges cÖwZ ek eë¯v: Rjevqyi `ª“Z cwieZ©‡bi d‡j cÖvK…wZK-A_©‰bwZKGes mvgvwRK m¤ú`mg~n ûgwKMÖ — n‡q c‡o‡Q| `ª“Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j cÖwZ‡ekxKeë¯’vi †f ‡MvwjK wefvRb I mg ^q cv‡ë †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-‡Kvb ‡Kvb we‡kl cÖRvwZiDw™¢ ’vb cwieZ©b K‡i bZzb ‡f ‡MvwjK cwi‡e‡k P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| GKB mg‡q RjevqycwieZ©b, e„¶wbab Ges Ab¨vb¨ cwi‡ekMZ Pv‡ci mwb¥wjZ cÖfv‡e wewfb AÂ‡ji Awaevmxivwew”Qb Ges cÖvw —K Rb‡Mvôx‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| GB cwiewZ©Z Rjevqy cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ AwZ `ª“ZLvc LvIqv‡Z bv †c‡i wewfb cÖRvwZ wecb, GgbwK wejyßI n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

1. ebvÂj I gi f~wgi cÖwZ ek eë¯v: ebvÂj Ges gi“f~wgi cÖwZ‡ek KvVv‡gv Rjevqyeë¯’vq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| GUv Kve©‡bi GK eo Avavi| we‡k¦i mg¯— Kve©‡bi 80 kZvskRgv n‡q Av‡Q MvQ-cvjvi g‡a¨ Ges Avi GB Kve©‡bi cÖvq 40 kZvsk gvwUi ’vqx Avav‡i_v‡K| f~-ZvcgvÎv, ev¯úxfeb, fywgi eÜziZv, †gN MVb Ges ’vbxq, AvÂwjK I gnv‡`kxqe„wócv‡Zi wcQ‡b ebvÂj ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L _v‡K| ch©‡e¶Y, cix¶v-wbix¶v I Rjevqyg‡Wj¸wj †_‡K Rvbv †M‡Q †h, we‡k¦i Mo ZvcgvÎv gvÎ GK wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm e„w×i d‡jebvÂ‡ji Kvh©KvixZv I mg ^q e¨nZ n‡e| Dòvq‡bi d‡j Ab¨vb¨ y‡f©vM †hgb-KxU-cZ½evwnZ †ivM msµgY Ges `vevb‡ji cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cv‡e| wbi¶xq AÂ‡ji †P‡q D”P A¶vs‡kZvcgvÎvi e„w× †ewk nIqvq MÖx®§gÛjxq I bvwZkx‡ZvògÛ‡ji ebvÂ‡ji †P‡q ‡evwiqvjAiY¨mg~n †ewk SuywKi g‡a¨ co‡e| GQvovI we`¨gvb ebvÂ‡j wewfb cÖRvwZi mg ^q KvVv‡gvcwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j cÖRvwZ¸wji byZb mg q NU‡e Ges bZzb cÖwZ‡ekxK eë ’vcÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡i| B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖRvwZ¸wji g‡a¨ Ges B‡Kvwm‡÷‡g wek¦ Dòvq‡bi cÖwZwµqvcÖKvwkZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| gi“f~wg Ges ï®‹ I cÖvq ï®‹ AÂ‡ji cÖwZ‡ek eë ’v m¤¢eZ Av‡ivPi‡g †cu Qv‡e| wKQy e¨wZµg Qvov gi“f~wg cÖPÛ Mig n‡e, wK ‘ Av ª©Zv _vK‡e bv| eZ©gv‡bZvc mn¨mxgvq we`¨gvb AY~Rxe¸wj D”P Zv‡ci d‡j ûgwKMÖ — n‡q co‡e|

2. Rjvf~wgi cÖwZ ek eë¯v: cveb f~wg, b`x ev n«‡ì †h Ask eQ‡i wKQyKvj cvwb‡Z Wy‡e_v‡K †m¸wj Ges m uvZ‡mu‡Z RjKv`vgq wbPy f~wg I mgy‡`ªi wbqwgZ †Rvqv‡i Wy‡e hvIqvDcK‚jxq GjvKvi Ask we‡kl- Gme wKQyB Rjvf~wgi A —M©Z| c„w_exi †gvU f~-fv‡Mi cÖvq`k kZvsk Ry‡o i‡q‡Q Rjvf~wg, hvi g‡a¨ 2 kZvsk n‡”Q n«`, 30 kZvsk n‡”Q K`©gv³



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m¨vZ‡m‡Z Rjvf~wg, 26 kZvsk n‡”Q wej, 20 kZvsk n‡”Q RjgM wbPz Rwg, Ges 15 kZvskn‡”Q cveb f~wg| GQvovI cÖvq `yB †KvwU 40 jvL †n±i Ry‡o i‡q‡Q jeYv³ Dw™¢‡ìg¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂj Ges cÖvq 6 †KvwU †n±i Ry‡o i‡q‡Q cÖevj cÖvPxi| Rjvf~wgi cwiwa g~jZcvwbi —‡ii Ici wbf©ikxj| ZvB cvwb mieiv‡ni †¶‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve co‡jRjvf~wgi cÖK…wZ I Kvh©KvixZv m‡e©v”P gvÎvq cÖfvweZ n‡e| Gi d‡j Rjvf~wgi Dw™¢ I RxecÖRvwZmg~n ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| GgbwK wek¦e¨vcx Rjvf~wgi †f ‡MvwjK eÈbI cv‡ë †h‡Z cv‡i|Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ZvcgvÎv e„w×i cÖwZwµqvmn e„wócv‡Zi aiY e`‡j †h‡Z cv‡i Imgy ª c„‡ôi ùxwZ NU‡Z cv‡i| Gi mewKQyB Rjvf~wgi Ae ’vb I Kvh©KvixZv‡K cÖfvweZKi‡e| Ab¨fv‡e, A_©vr cvwbP‡µi cÖKw…Z‡Z e`j n‡jI Rjvf~wg ¶wZMÖ — n‡Z cv‡i|cvwbP‡µi cªwµqv¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q evwifeb, ev®úxfeb, cwiPjb, cvwb k~b¨Zv, f~-Mf© ’cvwbi ¶qc~iY I cvwb cÖevn cÖf„wZ| GB cwieZ©b GKB m‡½ f~-Mf©¯’ I f~-Dcwiw¯’Z cvwbeë ’vq cÖwZwµqv Zix Ki‡e Ges Af¨ —ifv‡Mi cvwb mieivn, †mP, Rjwe y r Drcv`b,wkí KviLvbvq eënvi, †b ‡hvMv‡hvM, cvwb wfwËK ch©Ub cªf„wZ‡Z cÖfve †dj‡e| cvwbMwo‡q hvIqvi ai‡b ev cvwb cÖev‡n (run off) I cvwb —‡i cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv Af¨ —ifv‡Mi Rjvf~wg‡Z eo ai‡bi cÖfve †dj‡e| e„wócvZ K‡g hvIqvq ï®‹ I Aa©-ï®‹GjvKv¸wj †ewk SuywKc~Y© n‡e| e„wócv‡Z NvUwZ RjvGjvKvq A¯vfvweK cwieZ©b †W‡KAvb‡e|

‰ewk¦K Dòvqb n«` I b`xi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv‡KI e„w× Ki‡e| Gi d‡j †ek wKQy eo ai‡bicwieZ©b NU‡Z cv‡i, †hgb-D”P A¶vsk (†gi“ cÖ‡`‡ki wbKUeZ©x) GjvKvq RweK Drcv`be„w× †c‡Z cv‡i Ges wbg A¶vsk GjvKvq kxZj I kxZj cvwbi cÖRvwZi cÖvYx‡ì wePiYf~wgi m‡e©v”P we —vi NU‡e| yj©f I ûgwKMÖ — Dw™¢ I cÖvYx cÖRvwZ¸wj weKí Avevm ’‡jiAfv‡e AvenvIqvi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bB ms‡e`bkxj n‡q co‡e| DòZve„w× QvovI So-SÂvicÖ‡Kvce„w× cvIqvq wewfb ¯—‡ii Rjvk‡qi cvi¯úwiK wgkªY e„w× cv‡e| GQvovI N~wY©So evmvB‡K¬vb grm¨ cÖRvwZ¸wji eo ai‡Yi a sm †W‡K Avb‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Abylm½wn‡m‡e mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi Kvi‡Y †ejvf~wg I gv‡Qi Avevm¯’j µ‡g a smn‡q hv‡e| b`xi †gvnbv I wgwó cvwb cÖev‡n jeYv³Zv e„w× cv‡e, b`x I mvM‡i †Rvqv‡iimxgv cv‡ë hv‡e, cwj Ae‡¶cY I Re cywó mieiv‡n cwieZ©b Avm‡e, DcK‚jxq cveb e„w×cv‡e Ges Gme wKQy wgwjZfv‡e DcK‚jxq Rjvf~wgi Aw —Z¡‡K wecb K‡i Zzj‡e|

3. PviYf~wgi Drcv`b n«vm: Z…bf~wg¸wj we‡k¦i M„ncvwjZ cïi cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`ï cÖvq 50kZvs‡ki †RvMvb †`q | eb¨cÖvYxivI Z…Yf~wg †_‡K Lv`¨ AvniY K‡i euv‡P| ZvcgvÎv Gesevwicv‡Zi aib e`‡j Livi Kvi‡Y Z…Yf~wg, ¸j¥-‡Svc Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ‡ekxK KvVv‡gviAvKvi e`‡j hv‡e ev G¸wj bZzb i“c aviY Ki‡e| Gi d‡j K…wl, ch©Ub, cvwbkw³, KvV



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AvniY Ges Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvcmg~nI ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| A‡bK Dbqbkxj †`‡kiAvwèvmx‡ì Lv`¨ Ges R¡vjvwb eë ’vq a m bvg‡e| Dò AÂ‡j ev¯úxq wbM©gb P‡µcwieZ©b wewfb cÖRvwZi cÖRbb Ges wgkª‡Yi Dci Mfxi cÖfve †dj‡e|

4. gi AÂ ji m ¼vPb: we‡k¦i ‡gvU my‡cq cvwbi cÖvq 80 kZvs‡ki g‡Zv i‡q‡Q DËi I`w¶Y †gi“ cÖ‡`k `ywU‡Z| GB †gi“ AÂj‡K wN‡i Av‡Q we‡k¦i mgMÖ Zzlvi, eid, Ges f~-Mf© ’ wPiwngvwqZ AÂj| wngvwqZ cvwb Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †¶‡Î LyeB ms‡e`bkxj| Rjevqyg‡Wj¸wji g‡Z cieZ©x GK‡kv eQ‡i cvnvox wngev‡ni cwiwa GK-Z…Zxqvsk †_‡K A‡a©KcwigvY K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i| GUv cvjvµ‡g cvk¦eZ©x cÖwZ‡ek KvVv‡gv Ges Rb‡Mvôx‡K cÖfvweZKi‡e| GQvovI b`xi †g mygx cÖevn Ges cvwb mieiv‡ni Dci cÖwZwµqv Zix n‡e, hvch©vqµ‡g cvwbkw³ Ges K…wl‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e| A‡bK DuPz cvnvox AÂj Ges †gi“ AÂ‡jigvbwP‡Î bvUKxq cwieZ©b NU‡Z cv‡i| Zzlvi ¯—yc M‡j hvIqvi Kvi‡Y we`¨gvb AeKvVv‡gveë¯’v G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q co‡Z cv‡i Ges `ªexf~Z AwZwi³ Kve©b I wg‡_b evqygÛ‡j Aegy³n‡q co‡e|

U) AeKvVv gv, wkí-KviLvbv I e¯MZ m¤ú`Rjevqy cwieZ©b gvbe emwZ Ges gvby‡li †f Z e ‘MZ m¤ú‡ì Dci eo ai‡bi cÖfve†dj‡e| wKQy ¸i“Z¡c~Y© AeKvVv‡gvi Ici GB cÖfve †ewk n‡e| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wkícv›U, kw³ Drcv`b I eÈ‡bi miÄvg, iv —v NvU, e›ì Ges Ab¨vb¨ †hvMv‡hvM myweavmnAvevwmK I evwYwR¨K m¤úwË Ges DcK‚jxq euva BZ¨vw`|

1. wkí Lv Z cÖfve: Rjevqyi PigfvevcbZv †hgb - S‡oi AvNvZ, eb¨v, ’vbxqfv‡e cÖPÛe„wócv‡Zi ì“Y f~wga m, `ª“Z Zzlvi weMjb, DògÛjxq N~wY©So Ges n¨vwi‡Kb A_ev GgbwKLivi Kvi‡Y ebvÂj ev †SvcSv‡oi cy‡o hvIqv eZ©gvb Drcv`b eë ’vi Dci Mfxi cÖfve‡dj‡e| Gi d‡j wkí, kw³ Ges †hvMv‡hvM AeKvVv‡gv¸wj ye©j n‡q co‡e| cÖej Ges NbNb evwicv‡Zi ZxeªZv kû‡i eb¨v †W‡K Avb‡e| K…wl-wkí Ges Rjwe y r Zix, ev‡qvgvmDrcv`b Ges †hvMv‡hvM m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK Kvh©KjvcI `ye©j n‡q co‡e| GB Ae ’vDcK‚jxq AÂ‡j Av‡iv Zxeªfv‡e †`Lv †`‡e|

2. wkí I A_©bxwZi Ici c iv¶ cÖfve: A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi cÖwZwU †¶Î ci¯úi Av —tm¤úwK©Z nIqvq GKwU ‡¶‡Î cÖfve co‡j Zv mgMÖ A_©bxwZ, wkí, kw³ Ges †hvMv‡hvMeë¯’v‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| K…wl, wkí Ges ev‡qvgvm Drcv`‡bi †¶Î¸wj RjevqycwieZ©‡bi d‡j A_©‰bwZK Ab¨vb¨ †¶Î¸wj Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡e| Gi d‡j †gvUvgywU A‡bK¸wjwfb wfb cÖfv‡ei mg ^q NU‡e Ges G¸wj Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK †¶Î‡KI `ye©j Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI MÖvgvÂ‡j cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Drmmg~n µgvMZ ¶qcÖvß nIqvi Kvi‡Y MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i



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Awfevmb eû¸Y e„w× †c‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i Dbqbkxj †`k¸wj‡Z GB Awfevm‡bi nvi A‡bK†ewk| cÖwZ eQi km¨nvbx, ’vbxq ch©v‡q eb¨v Ges Livq me©¯v — n‡q Kv‡Ri †Luv‡R gvbyl `‡j`‡j kn‡ii w`‡K Qy‡U hv‡”Q| GB bZzb DØv¯‘iv kn‡ii evm¯’vb,cvbxq Rj,Lv`¨ I ¯^v¯’ëë ’vi Ici evowZ Pvc ‰Zwi Ki‡Q|

V) cvwb m¤ú`: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evwifeb I ev®úxfeb y‡UvB e„w× cv‡e| e„wócv‡Ziai‡b GB cwieZ©b B‡Zvg‡a¨B cvwb mieivn‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| DËi †Mvjv‡a©i D”P I gaÄ¶‡iLv AÂ‡j e„wó I ZzlvicvZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Dfq †Mvjv‡a©i wbi¶xq I Dc-wbi¶xq AÂj¸wj‡Z e„wócvZ K‡g †M‡Q|

1. evwife b cÖwZwµqv Ges ky® Rjevqy: evwicv‡Z cwieZ©b NU‡j g„wËKv ï®‹ n‡q hvq| hvid‡j Dw™¢` RM‡Z cÖwZwµqv N‡U-hv cÖ‡¯^`b I ev®úxq cÖwZdjb Ges †gN m„wó‡K cÖfvweZK‡i| GwU Avevi evwife‡b cÖwZwµqv ‰Zix K‡i| Rjevqy ev e„wócv‡Zi cwieZ©b QvovI cvwbP‡µi eë¯’vcbv gvby‡li Kvh©Kjv‡ci (†hgb-eb DRvo, bMivqb I cvwbi AwZ eënviBZ¨vw`) Kvi‡YI cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| evwife‡b cwieZ©b NU‡j Zv me©‡gvU Rjw ’wZi IcicÖfve †dj‡e| †ewki fvM Rjevqy g‡W‡j mvaviYfv‡e AwZ el©‡Yi cÖeYZv e„w×i m¤¢vebv‡KBcÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j eb¨v e„w× cv‡e, wK ‘ gvwU PuzB‡q cvwbif~M‡f© cÖ‡e‡ki m¶gZv K‡g hv‡e| FZz cwieZ©‡bi aib cv‡ë hvIqvi d‡j f~-M‡f© I f~-Dcwiw ’Z Dfq cÖKvi cvwb mieivn eë¯’vi AvÂwjK wefvR‡b cÖwZwµqv NU‡e| GKKfv‡eZvcgvÎv I evwife‡b mvgvb¨ cwieZ©bI RjcÖev‡n eo ai‡bi cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cv‡i| e„wócvZK‡g hvIqvi d‡j ï®‹ I Aav-ï®‹ AÂj¸wji Ae ’v Av‡iv bvRyK n‡q co‡e Ges ev¯úxfebI Dw™¢‡ì cÖ‡k¦`b e„w× cv‡e| GQvovI ZzlvicvZ K‡g hvIqv Ges RgvU Zzlvi I wngev‡nieid M‡j hvIqvi NUbv cvwb cÖev‡n cÖwZwµqv m„wó Ki‡e| we‡kl K‡i em — I MÖx‡®§ hLbwPivPwiZfv‡e Rjwe y r I K…wl †m‡Pi Rb¨ cvwb cÖev‡ni †ewk cÖ‡qvRb nq †mB mgq cvwbcÖevn K‡g hvIqvi NUbv eo ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv Zix Ki‡e| Rjevqy g‡W‡ji me¸wj †_‡K†`Lv hv‡”Q †h, DËi ‡Mvjv‡a©i D”P A¶vsk GjvKvq gvwUi Av ª©Zv kxZKv‡j †ewk e„w× cv‡eGes ga¨ A¶vsk GjvKvq MÖx®§Kv‡j gvwUi Av`ª©Zv n«vm cv‡e| GB Abygvb DËi Av‡gwiKvi†P‡q BD‡iv‡ci m‡½ †ewk m½wZc~Y© n‡e|

2. cvwb cÖevn ew×i cÖwZwµqv: RjcÖevn I ev®úxfe‡bi cwiewZ©Z aib cÖvK…wZK Re Pµ‡K¶wZMÖ — Ki‡e| cvwbi —i e„w× I eb¨vÂ‡ji cwieZ©‡bi d‡j wgwó cvwbi cÖwZ‡ekxK KvVv‡gvcÖfvweZ n‡e| cvwbi ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b Ges wgwó cvwbi Zvcxq KvVv‡gvq cwieZ©‡bi d‡jA‡bK cÖvYx¯Z¡vi e„w× I Aw —Z¡ ûgwKi gy‡L co‡e| GQvovI we`¨gvb cÖwZ‡ek eë ’viDrcv`b¶gZv I Rxe-‰ewPÎ¨ ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| f~-Mf© ’ cvwb Mwo‡q hvIqvi aib I cvwbcÖevnmn e„wócv‡Z cwieZ©b mivmwi n« I RjcÖev‡ni cywó gv‡b cÖfve †dj‡e Ges Aw·‡Rb



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wgkª‡Y NvUwZ Zix Ki‡e| Gi d‡j cvwbi ¸Y I gvb (¯”QZv) Gi Ici †bwZevPK cÖfveco‡e| e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY I ai‡b cwieZ©b cvwbi ¸YMZgvb‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e| mgy`ª c„‡ôiD”PZv e„w× NU‡j I f~-Mf©¯’ jeYv³ cvwb Dc‡ii —‡i D‡V G‡j DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji wgwócvwbi Avavimg~n `~wlZ n‡q co‡e| †gvnbvq jeYv³ cvwb cÖev‡ni AMÖfv‡Mi cÖej Pv‡ciKvi‡Y DRvbevwnZ wgwó cvwbi cÖevn evavMÖ — n‡e| d‡j MvQ cvjv, Clr jeYv³ cvwbi grm¨m¤ú` I K…wlKv‡R †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv Zix n‡e|

3. gvbeRxe b c iv¶ cÖfve: cvwb mieiv‡n NvUwZ gvbe Rxe‡b evowZ y‡f©vM Zix Ki‡e|GLbB we‡k¦i cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk gvbyl (cÖvq GK‡kv mvZ †KvwU gvbyl) NvUwZ cvwbi†`k¸wj‡Z evm K‡i, GB msL¨v 2025 mvj bvMv` †e‡o †h‡q cÖvq cuvP‡kv †KvwU‡Z (cuvPwewjq‡b) †c uQy‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI RbmsL¨v e„w×, ~l‡Yi gvÎv e„w× I A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛcÖmv‡ii d‡j ï®‹, Avav-ï®‹ AÂj,A‡bK wbPz DcK‚jxq AÂj, e-Øxc AÂj I ¶z`ªØxcmg~‡ni Ici Pvc Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ cvwbi mnRjf¨Zv, Lv`¨Drcv`b, RbmsL¨v e„w× I A_©‰bwZK Dbq‡bi GK RwUj m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| GQvovI RjevqycwieZ©b bZzb A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK m¼‡Ui Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i cvwb NvUwZiAÂj¸wj‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b eo ai‡Yi m¼‡Ui Rb¥ †`‡e| †h me ¸i“Z¡c~Y© b`x eë ’v `yBev Z‡ZvwaK †`‡ki fv‡M c‡o‡Q, †mme †`k¸wji g‡a¨ msNvZ I D‡ËRbv e„w×i m¤¢vebvIcÖej| GiKg †ek wKQy †`‡ki g‡a¨ GLbB Awfb b`x¸wj wb‡q Zxeª Av —R©vwZK Ø›` i‡q‡Q|



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Aa¨vq - 4evsjv k Rjevqy cwieZ© bi cÖfve I m¤¢ve¨ ¶Îmg~n

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m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e, ’vbxq D‡`¨v‡M Lvc-LvB‡q †bqvi gZ †K kj¸‡jv A —Zc‡¶AvqZ¡ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi G KvRwU Ki‡Z wewfb cÖwZóvb I ms¯’vi cvkvcvwk MYgva¨‡gii‡q‡Q `vwqZ¡kxj f~wgKv|

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f~-cÖvKwZK ewkó¨:evsjv‡`k mgy`ªmgZj †_‡K M‡o 10 wgUv‡ii Kg D”PZv m¤úb GKwUe„nr e-Øxc mgf~wg|

Rjevqy: G †`‡k cÖej cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q b`x mgÜxq `y‡h©vM Ges DcK‚jxqcveb, MÖx®§gÛjxq So (Kvj ekvLx), U‡b©‡Wv Ges Liv| GLv‡b †g mygx evqyi cÖfv‡e cÖPzie„wócvZ nq Ges eb¨v †`Lv †`q| kxZKvj mvaviYZ ï®‹ n‡q _v‡K|

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10 Z_¨ m~Ît * wek¦ e¨v¼ Gi Ôevsjv‡`k;K¬vB‡gU †PÄ GÛ mvm‡U‡bej †W‡fvjc‡g›UÕ-WKz‡g›U* 2000 mv‡ji 22 Rvbyqvwii Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨v 123.1 wgwjqb, evwl©KRbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi 1 `kwgK 47 kZvsk (1991-2001),RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ cÖwZ eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡i 834Rb (evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb el© MÖ ’-2000)* evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQy wRwWwc cÖvq 389 gvwK©b Wjvi, gv_vwcQy RvZxq Avq cÖvq 376 gvwK©b Wjvi,wk¶vi nvi 65 kZvsk, cÖZ¨vwkZ Avqy ‹vj cÖvq 68 `kwgK 2 eQi| wkï g„Zz i nvi cÖwZ nvRvi wkï‡Z58wU (kn‡i 44 I MÖv‡g 62 wU cÖwZ nvRv‡i), (Kv‡i›U G¨v‡dqvm©, RyjvB 2003)|bvU: 1998-Gi RbmsL¨v Mbbvi Î wek¦e¨vsK- 2000 mv j RbmsL¨v ew×i nvi 1.6 kZvsk

(1992-1998) wnmv e K Q| wK GB wi cv U© RbmsL¨v ew×i nvi 1.47 kZvsk (1991-2001)



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A_©bxwZ: evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i `wi`ªZg Ges ¯^‡ívbZ †`k¸wji GKwU| 1998 mv‡j gv_vwcQywRGbwc (†gvU RvZxq Drcv`b) wQj gvÎ 350 gvwK©b Wjvi- †hLv‡b `w¶Y Gwkqvi†`k¸wji gv_vwcQy wRGbwc 430 gvwK©b Wjvi| evsjv‡`‡ki wRGbwc-†Z K…wli Ae`vbGKKfv‡e cÖvq 22 kZvsk, hv Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi gy‡L me‡P‡q SzwKc~Y© Ae ’v‡b i‡q‡Q|evsjv‡`k Zvi kw³ m¤ú` Dbq‡b cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| wK ‘ we‡`kx wewb‡qvMKvixiv RjevqyicwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Avk¼vq evsjv‡`‡k wewb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î n‡Zv`¨g n‡Z cv‡i|

wk¶v: 2000 mv‡ji Ry‡b evsjv‡`k (kªxj¼v ev‡`) `w¶Y Gwkqvi Ab¨†`k¸wj‡K Qvwo‡qwk¶vi nvi 62 kZvs‡k DbxZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| K ‘ DbZ †`k¸wji Zzjbvq GLbI wk¶vi nviKg _vKvi ì“Y H †`k¸wji Zzjbvq evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ Lvc LvB‡q†bqv KwVb|

Rb¯v¯¨: evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b cÖZ¨vwkZ Avqy ‹vj 58 eQ‡i G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q| wkï g„Zzï nvicÖwZ nvRv‡i 75 Rb (1992-98mv‡j)| cuvP eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkï‡ì 56 kZvsk Acywó‡ZfyM‡Q, gvÎ 85kZvsk gvbyl wbivc` cvwb cvq| cywónxbZv I cqtwb®‹vk‡bi Afv‡e K‡jiv,Avgvkq, Wvqwiqv,nvg,wU‡Ubvm cÖf„wZ mycwiwPZ msµvgK †ivMmn ciRxex RxevYy msµg‡Y†W½y, g¨v‡jwiqv, dvB‡jwiqv, †njwgbw_wmm cÖf„wZ †iv†Mi msµgY N‡U _v‡K| cÖvq wbg~©j n‡qhvIqv g¨v‡jwiqv Avev‡iv 1980Õi w`‡K Qov‡Z †`Lv hvq|mgMÖ †`‡ki ¯v ’ eë ’v m‡ —vlRbK bv nIqvq mgMÖ ¯v ’¨ eë¯’v I Rxeb avi‡Yi ai‡b †UKmB cwieZ©b NUv‡bvcÖ‡qvRbxq n‡q c‡o‡Q| AbybZ ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’vi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SzwK e„w×†c‡q‡Q|

evsjv k Rjevqy cwieZ©b cÖwµqvq SuywKMÖ ¶Îmg~n

Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖwZwµqvq Avµv — m¤ú` mgy‡ni we‡ePbvq `y‡h©vM Avµv — GjvKv¸wji†kªYxweb¨vm Kiv hvq| wek¦ e¨v‡¼i (1999 Gi A‡±vei) `w¶Y Gkxq AÂ‡ji Rb¨ cÖYxZwi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 5wU AwaK ¶wZMÖ — †¶Î‡K wPwýZ Kiv nq, †h¸‡jv Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi m‡½m¤úwK©Z †hgb- DcK‚jxq m¤ú`, K…wl I Lv`¨, cÖvY ewPÎ¨ I cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v, cvwb m¤ú` Igvbe¯v ’ |

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K) DcKjxq m¤ú ì Ici cÖwZwµqvevsjv‡`k g~jZ GK wbPz e-Øxc| G †`‡ki DËivsk †_‡K `w¶‡Y f~wg µgk Xvjy n‡q †M‡QGes †`‡ki †ewkifvM f~wgi D”PZv mgy`ª mgZ‡ji cÖvq KvQvKvwQ| †`kwUi mgZj f~-‰ewk‡óï Kvi‡Y mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv mvgvb¨ cwigvY e„w× †c‡jB †`‡ki DcK‚jeZx© AÂ‡jiGK eo Ask Ry‡o e¨vcK cÖwZwµqv11 †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| G welqwU NU‡Z cv‡i wb‡æv³fv‡e-

1) N~wY©So: e‡½vcmvMi DògÛjxq N~w©©Y©S‡oi Ab¨Zg cÖRbb †¶Î| we‡k¦i MÖx®§gÛjxqN~wY©So¸wji `k fv‡Mi GK fvMB GB DcmvM‡i Drcb n‡q KK©Uµvw — AÂ‡ji wewfb ’v‡bAvNvZ nvb‡Q| e‡½vcmvM‡i Drcb nIqv N~w©Y So¸wji Qq fv‡Mi GK fvMB evsjv‡`‡kiDcKzjfv‡M AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q| e‡½vcmvM‡i Drcb nIqv a smvZ¥K N~wY©So¸wji g‡a¨ me‡P‡qfq¼i wQj 1876 mv‡j DcK‚‡j AvNvZ nv‡b ev‡KiMÄ mvB‡K¬vb| GwU GB DcmvM‡i DrcbnIqv gvbe BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q a smvZ¡K N~wY©So¸wji GKwU wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| Rjevqy weÁvbAbyhvqx mgy‡ ªi ZvcgvÎv gvÎ GK wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm cwigvY e„w× †c‡j N~wY©S‡oi cwigvY cÖvq`k kZvsk e„w× cv‡e| ZvcgvÎv e„w× So-SÂv‡K Av‡iv NYxf~Z Ki‡e| 1999 mv‡ji GKM‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q 1877 mvj †_‡K 1995 mvj ch© — e‡½vcmvM‡i m„ó cÖvq 365 wU N~wY©SoDcK‚‡j AvNvZ nvbvi Av‡MB w¯—wgZ n‡q †M‡Q| wK ‘ DòZv e„w×i d‡j G ai‡Yi N~wY©SoAvi w —wgZ bv n‡q DcK‚j AÂj Ges Af¨ —ifv‡M †ewk K‡i AvNvZ nvb‡e|

2) eb¨v: evsjv‡`k b`x gvZ…K †`k| G †`‡ki me©Î Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv b`x¸wji †gvU msL¨vcÖvq 300 wUi gZ| Gme b`x¸wji g‡a¨ 54 wU Av —R©vwZK b`x| A_©vr Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡k Gb`x¸wj DrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q Ges Gme b`x K‡qKwU †`‡ki mxgvbv AwZµg K‡i esjv‡`‡kiwfZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfb b`-b`x w`‡q †h cwigvY cvwb cÖevne‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ nq Zvi kZKiv 92 fvMB wewfb Av —R©vwZK b`x evwnZ n‡q Av‡m

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11 mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZve„w×i SuywKi gy‡L DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j emevmKvix RbMY‡K †`‡ki Ab¨ ’v‡b mwi‡q†bqvi †Kvb ev —em¤§Z my‡hvM †bB| wek¦ e¨v¼ Gi wi‡cvU© (2000) Abyhvqx, evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jeZx©mxgvbvq mgy ª mgZ‡ji D”PZv eQ‡i wZb wgwjwgUvi K‡i e„w× cv‡”Q Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Ymgy ª c„‡ôi Dcwifv‡Mi D”PZv ax‡i ax‡i e„w× cv‡”Q| RvwZms‡Ni Av —tivóªxq c¨v‡bj (IPCC)Õig‡Z, AvMvgx 50 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ mgy ª c„‡ôi D”PZv gvÎ GK wgUvi e„w× †c‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU f~-fv‡Mi15 †_‡K 18 kZvsk GjvKv mgy‡ ª wbgw¾Z n‡q m¤ú~Y© nvwi‡q hv‡e| G msµv — wek¦e¨v‡¼i GKwi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y 2 †_‡K 3 †KvwU evsjv‡`kx bvMwiK ¶wZMÖ — n‡Z cv‡i|



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†`‡k ïi“ nq el©vKvj| GB eid Mjv cvwbi mv‡_ †g mygx e„wócvZ hy³ n‡q G AÂ‡j cÖvqwbqwgZ eb¨v NUvq| Avi evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv hw` Av‡iv e„w× cvq Zvn‡j †g mygx e„wócv‡Zim‡½ m‡½ wngvj‡qi eid Mjv cvwb `y‡Uvi cwigvYB eû¸Y e„w× cv‡e| hvi cÖwZwµqvqevsjv‡`‡k Nb Nb eb¨v †`Lv †`‡e| Gi d‡j evsjv‡`‡k eb¨vi cÖ‡Kvc12 I gvÎv e„w×icvkvcvwk eb¨vi ¯’vwqZ¡ eû¸Y e„w× cv‡e| GLbB G †`‡ki A‡bK b`-b`x AcwiKwíZ euvawbg©vY I i¶bv‡e¶‡Y Aeë¯’vcbvi wkKvi n‡q cwj‡Z fivU n‡q g‡i hv‡”Q| hvi d‡j eb¨vicvwb wb®‹vk‡bi †h cÖvK…wZK eë¯’v wQj ZvI AvR eûjvs‡k i“× n‡q †M‡Q| Gi d‡j eb¨vifqvenZv eû¸Y e„w× cv‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡”Q|

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evsjv‡`‡k we‡`kx ch©UK‡ì R‡b¨ AZ¨ — AvKl©Yxq K·evRvi †_‡K eì‡gvKvg ch© — cÖvq145 wKtwgt `xN© †ejvf~wg mgy`ª mgZ‡ji D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y m¤ú~Y© Zwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

12 mv¤cÖwZK eb¨vwPÎq RyjvB 2002 G Aweivg el©Y Ges wZ —v b`xi cvwb e„w×‡Z wWgjv I RvjXvKv Dc‡Rjvi cÖvq

10 nvRv‡iiI †ewk evwo Zwj‡q hvq| e„wói cvwb †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi 3,00,000 †n±i dmwjRwg bó K‡i Ges wPswo †Ni Zwj‡q hvIqvq e¨vcK A_©‰bwZK ¶wZ mvwaZ nq|

q 1999 mv‡ji eb¨vq 40 jvL †jvK Avµv — Ges 20 nvRvi gvbyl M„nnxb nq| H eQi eb¨vq41wU †Rjvi 35 jvL gvbyl Avµv — n‡qwQj| GQvovI DVwZ dmj, iv —v, †mZz Ges evu‡aie¨vcK ¶q¶wZ nq|

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q 1997 mv‡j GKwU N~wY©S‡o 30 jvL †jvK Avµv — Ges 10 jvL M„nnviv nq|q 1995 mv‡ji GK R‡jv”Q¡v‡m 20 jvL gvbyl ¶wZMÖ — nq| H R‡jv”Q¡v‡m 50 nvRvi †n±i Rwgi

dmj webó nq Ges cÖvq 9 nvRvi Mevw` cï gviv hvq|



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GQvovI PÆMÖvg DcK‚jeZx© †ejvf~wg¸wjI mgy‡`ª Zwj‡q hvIqvi cÖej Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| 1998mv‡ji GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b Avk¼v Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, mgy ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡Y 2030 mvjbvMv` DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji cÖvq 58 nvRvi †n±i Rwg mgy‡ ª wbgw¾Z13 n‡e|

2000 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki eb¨vgy³ GjvKv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j fqven eb¨vmsNwUZ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| GB eb¨vq Rvb-gv‡ji e¨vcK ¶q-¶wZ nq| ZvcgvÎv e„w× Imgy ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× GKB m‡½ NU‡j G AÂ‡ji wbPz GjvKv¸wj Zwj‡q hv‡e| D`vniYwn‡m‡e ejv hvq ZvcgvÎvi 20 †mt cwigvY e„w×i m‡½ mgy`ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv 450 †mt wgUvicwigvY e„w× †c‡j †`‡ki †gvU AvqZ‡bi cÖvq 29 kZvsk GjvKv Zwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

3) gvwUi jeYv³Zv: jeYv³ gvwU‡Z ch©vß ªeYxq jeY _v‡K hv k‡mï e„w× I Drcv`b‡K¶wZMÖ — K‡i _v‡K| cvbxq jeY mvaviYfv‡e †mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW (Lvevi jeY), g¨vM‡bwmqvg†K¬vivBW, K¨vjwmqvg †K¬vivBW, g¨vM‡bwmqvg mvj‡dU, mvj‡dU Ges †mvwWqvg evB Kve©‡bUGi wgkªY| jeYv³Zvi e„w× gvwU †_‡K MvQ ev km¨‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb Ges cywó wb‡Z †`q bv,hvi d‡j MvQ ev km¨ ¶wZMÖ — nq| ï®‹ ‡g my‡g Av ª©Zvi †K wkK cÖeYZvi Kvi‡Y cvwb DØvwqnq, d‡j gvwU‡Z je‡Yi —i c‡o _v‡K| gvwUi jeYv³Zv g~jZ wbf©i K‡i jeY cvwbiAbycÖ‡ek, †K wkK AvKl©‡Y f~-Mf©¯’ jeY cvwbi Dc‡i D‡V Avmv Ges gvwUi duvK w`‡q D‡VAvmv jeY cvwb DØvwq n‡q D‡o hvIqvi ci gvwU‡Z c‡o _vKv je‡Yi Ae‡¶‡ci Ici|

evsjv‡`‡ki wbU Avev`x Rwgi cÖvq 30 kZvsk DcKzjxq AÂ‡j Aew ’Z| 28 jvL 50 nvRvi(2 `kwgK 85) wgwjqb †n±i DcK‚jxq Ges DcK‚jeZx© Rwgi g‡a¨ cÖvq 15 jvL (1 `kwgK5) wgwjqb †n±i GjvKv wewfb gvÎvi jeYv³Zvq Avµv —| ï®‹ FZz‡Z (b‡f¤î-†g)evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq AÂj mvgyw ªK †Rvqv‡ii cve‡b Ges †jvbv cvwbi AbycÖ‡ekRwbZ jeYv³Zvimgm¨vq †fv‡M| wW‡m¤i †_‡K GwcÖj gvm ch© — hLb b`x¸wj‡Z cvwb cÖevn Kg _v‡K ZLb jeYv³cvwb Zxeª †Rvqv‡ii †Zv‡o †gvnbvi A‡bK wfZ‡i Xy‡K c‡o| `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡ji ‡Rvqvi cÖfvweZ†Rjvmg~‡ni (h‡kvi-mvZ¶xiv-Lyjbv-bovBj-ev‡MinvU- †MvcvjMÄ) 42 wU Dc‡Rjvi 31wUB wbPzGjvKvq Ges Hme GjvKv D”P jeYv³Zvq Avµv —|

4) Liv: Liv n‡”Q cvwbP‡µi Ggb GKwU Ae ’v hLb Nwbfeb ev e„wócv‡Zi Zzjbvqev¯úxfeb †ewk n‡q hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki DËi cwðgvÂ‡j eQ‡ii ïK‡bv †g my‡g 1400 wgtwgtGes el©v †g my‡g 5000 wgtwgt ch© — e„wócvZ nq|G‡`‡k mvaviYZ eQ‡ii †gvU e„wócv‡Zi

13 mgy ª c„ô 1wgUvi D”P n‡j 10kZvsk, †ò wgUvi D”P n‡j 15.5 kZvsk, 3wgUvi D”P n‡j 23,5kZvsk, 4.5 wgUvi D”P n‡j 33 kZvsk Rwg cvwbi bx‡P wbgw¾Z n‡e| m~Î: y‡h©vM eë ’vcbvwk¶v_©x‡ì cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv|



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90 kZvs‡ki gZ e„wócvZ nq gvÎ Pvi gv‡mi (Lvwid †g myg ev Ryb-‡m‡Þ¤^‡ii) g‡a¨| wK ‘yGB Pvi gv‡mI e„wócv‡Zi eÈb c×wZ‡Z eo ai‡Yi †ni- †di j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Av‡iKwURwUjZv nj †`kRy‡o gvwUi cÖKvi‡f` Ges f~wgi wewfbZv| GLvbKvi gvwUi A‡bK iKg‡dii‡q‡Q| gvwUi GB iKg‡di Av`©ªZv aviY ¶gZvi Ici, cvwbi gvwU‡f` ¶gZv Ges Av`ª©Zvm¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ ewk‡óï Ici wbf©i K‡i| wK ‘ Gi d‡j †h cwigvY cvwb ev®úxf~Z n‡qevqygÛ‡j P‡j hvq Zvi‡P‡q Kg cwigvY cvwb e„wócv‡Zi gva¨‡g f~-c„‡ô wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i|AwbwðZ e„wócvZ I ev®úxfe‡bi A ^vfvweK eÈ‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki iwe (A‡±vei-†deª“qvwi), Lvwid (RyjvB-†m‡Þ¤î) Ges cÖvK-Lvwid (gvP©-Ryb) †g my‡g wfb wfb gvÎvi Liv†`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| iwe †g my‡g ev¯úxfe‡bi gvÎv e„wócv‡Zi gvÎv‡K AwZµg K‡i †M‡jZLb gvwUi Av`ª©Zv wbf©i K‡i g~jZ Lvwid †g my‡gi †i‡L hvIqv cvwbi Dci| ga¨-iwe†g my‡gi ci cvwb ¯íZv cÖLi n‡q I‡V| Lvwid c~e© mg‡q Live¯’v m„wói cÖavb KviY n‡”Q-(1) ï®‹ w`‡bi msL¨v µgvMZnv‡i e„w×, (2) D”P ZvcgvÎv (gvP© †_‡K †g gv‡mi gaëZx©mg‡q ZvcgvÎv cÖvq 40 wWwMÖ †mjwmqv‡mi KvQvKvwQ Ae ’vb K‡i), (3) gvwUi cÖ‡qvRbxqAv ª©Zv n«vm|

GB mgqKvi Liv mg — iwe km¨,†hgb-nvBweªW †ev‡iv, Mg, Avjy, gmyi Wvj I AvDk av‡biIci ¶wZKi cÖfve †d‡j| Lvwid FZz‡Z Liv †`Lv w`‡j G †`‡ki cÖavb dmj Avgb avbLivi Ke‡j c‡o G RvZxq Livq cÖwZ eQ‡i cÖvq 2.32 wgwjqb †n±i Rwgi Avgb avb webón‡q _v‡K| Gi d‡j Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡b NvUwZi cwigvY cÖvq 35 jvL Ub Qvwo‡q hvq| 1960mvj †_‡K 1991 mv‡ji gaëZx© 30 eQi mg‡q evsjv‡`k 19 evi Liv KewjZ n‡q‡Q|1951, 1961, 1975, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1984 I 1989 mv‡j cÖPÛ Liv †`L‡Z cvIqvwM‡q‡Q| Gme Livq †`‡ki cÖvq 47 kZvsk GjvKv Ges 53 kZvsk Awaevmx Avµv —n‡qwQj| Rjevqyi gvSvwi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y 1979-80 mv‡j Livq AvDk av‡bi djb 7kZvsk I M‡gi djb 61 kZvsk n«vm †c‡qwQj| Avi gvwUi Av ª©Zv 60 kZvsk K‡g †M‡jRjevqyi eo ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y †ev‡iv dm‡ji Drcv`b 55 †_‡K 62 kZvsk n«vm‡c‡Z cv‡i| ZvcgvÎv 20 †mjwmqv‡mi †P‡q †ewk e„w× cvIqv Ges e„wócvZ 10 kZvsk K‡ghvIqv‡K cÖej Liv Ae ’v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| GiKg Ae ’vq cvwb cÖevn M½v b`x‡Z cÖvq 32fvM, eª²c~‡Î cÖvq 25 fvM Ges †gNbv‡Z cÖvq 17 fvM ch© — n«vm †c‡Z cv‡i| ï®‹ †g my‡gDRvb †_‡K Avmv cÖevn K‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb b`x¸wj, †hgb M½v Ieªþc~‡Î cÖevn K‡g hvq| hvi d‡j cvwbP‡µ cÖ‡qvRbxq fvimvg¨ i¶v m¤¢e nq bv,hv cÖwZ‡ekeë ’v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i _v‡K| M½v b`xi Dci fviZ KZ…©K wbwg©Z dviv°v evu‡ai cÖwZwµqvLiv mgm¨v‡K AviI cÖej K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| mv¤cÖwZK Z_¨vbyhvqx †`Lv hvq evsjv‡`‡kiDËivÂ‡ji A‡bK RvqMvq f~-Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯—i wb‡P †b‡g †M‡Q, d‡j MvQcvjvi e„w× e¨nZn‡”Q Ges cvbxq Rj cÖvwß‡Z NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡”Q|



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5) cwjfivU cÖwµqv: evsjv‡`‡k b`xB n‡”Q cÖavb cÖvK…wZK wbq ¿K| †ewkifvM b`-b`x DËi†_‡K `w¶‡Y cÖevwnZ n‡jI, Aí wKQy msL¨K b`x c~e©-cwðg eivei cÖevwnZ| GB Av —ms‡hvMKvix b`xmg~n kZvãxi ci kZvãx a‡i †`‡ki †hvMv‡hvM eë ’vq AZ¨ — ¸i“Z¡c~Y©f~wgKv cvjb K‡i G‡m‡Q| wK ‘ eZ©gv‡b Gme b`-b`xi †ewki fvMB g‡i hv‡”Q| wKQy msL¨Kb`x AZ¨ — msKxY© n‡q bve¨Zv nvwi‡q‡Q| b`x¸wji GB fivU n‡q hvIqvi Kvi‡Y jeYv³ZviAbycÖ‡ek e„w× †c‡q‡Q| gv‡Qi wePiY †¶Î K‡g †M‡Q Ges eb¨v cÖeYZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| GmewKQy evsjv‡`‡ki †ek K‡qKwU AÂ‡ji A_©‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvc‡K ¶wZMÖ — Ki‡Q| ZvB G‡`‡kicÖvY cÖev‡ni cÖavb Drm b`x¸wj‡K h_vh_fv‡e msi¶‡Y †`‡ki bxwZ wba©viK‡ì `ª“Zgb‡hvMx nIqv GKv — evÂbxq n‡q c‡o‡Q|

L) Rjvf~wgi cÖwZ ekxK eë¯v I Rxe- ewP Îï Dci cÖwZwµqv:wecyj msL¨K nvIi-evIi, Lvj-wej, b`x-bvjv I Ab¨vb¨ cvwb Avav‡ii Dcw ’wZ evsjv‡`k‡Kb`x-bvjv, Lvj-we‡ji †`‡k cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvÂjmy›ìeb I Zvi cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’v gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| my›ìe‡bi Ae¯’vb e‡½vcmvM‡iimi“ As‡ki wVK Dc‡i nIqvq G ebvÂj me©‡c¶v †ewk SuywKc~Y© AÂ‡j cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|2050 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv 45 †mw›UwgUvi e„w× †c‡j mgMÖ my›ìebvÂ‡ji cÖvq75 fvM GjvKv mgy‡`ª wbgw¾Z n‡e| DRvb †_‡K wgwó cvwbi cÖevn K‡g hvIqvq GesjeYv³ mvgyw`ªK cvwbi AbycÖ‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y jeYv³Zv e„w× cvIqvq GB ebvÂ‡ji wewfbcÖvRwZ givZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| GQvovI my›ìe‡bi we —…Z jZv-¸j¥, †Svc-Svo cÖf„wZ¶wZMÖ — nIqvi d‡j GB e‡bi Dw™¢ ewPÎÏ SuywKi m¤§yLxb n‡e| my›ìeb wek¦L¨vZ i‡qj†e½j UvBMvi Gi Avevm f~wg| GQvovI Ge‡b mvgyw`ªK K”Qc, †jvbvcvwbi Kzwgi, wewfbcÖRvwZi e¨vO Ges wgwó cvwbi Wjwdb h‡_ó cwigv‡Y emevm K‡i| my›ìeb nvwi‡q †M‡jGme cÖvYxI Zv‡ì Avevmf~wg nviv‡e| miKvwi wnmve Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki †gvUAvqZ‡bi cÖvq 17 `kwgK 8 fvM GjvKvq ebvÂj I e„‡¶i Av”Qv`b i‡q‡Q| eb DRv‡oicÖwµqvq Ges ebf~wg‡K K…wlf~wg‡Z cwiYZ Kiv ev Ab¨ Kv‡R eënv‡ii cÖeYZv e„w×i Kvi‡YebvÂj ª“Z K‡g Avm‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b 18 cÖRvwZi —b¨cvqx, 30 cÖRvwZi cvwL Ges24 cÖRvwZi Dw™¢` ûgwKi gy‡L i‡q‡Q| Rjevqyi cwieZ©b Gme cÖRvwZi Aw¯—Z¡‡K wejyß K‡iw`‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨ mviv‡`‡ki Rxe-‰ewPÎ¨ m¤ú‡K© GL‡bv Ggb m¤¢vebvi K_v cwi¯‹vifv‡eejv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv|

M) Kwl m¤ú` I Lv`¨ Drcv` b cÖwZwµqv‡g mygx e„wócvZ I ZvcgvÎv `y‡UviB e„w× evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl eë ’vq GKB m‡½ mydj I KzdjyB-B e‡q Avb‡e| Rjevqy g‡Wjmg~n Abyhvqx ZvcgvÎv e„w× †`‡ki †ewki fvM ’v‡b me

FZz‡Z av‡bi djb Kwg‡q †`‡e| kxZKvjxb e„wócvZ K‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y †ewkifvMkxZKvjxb dmj Drcv`b ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| Gi d‡j Dcwifv‡Mi g„wËKvi Av`ª©Zv K‡g hv‡e Ges



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f~-Mf© ’ cvwbi cybt fivUKiY cÖwµqv K‡g hv‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j e„wócvZ wbf©iAvDk (GwcÖj †_‡K AvM÷ mgqKv‡j GB avb †evbv n‡q _v‡K) I Avgb (Ryb †_‡K †m‡Þ¤imgqKv‡j †h avb †evbv n‡q _v‡K) Gi Drcv`b fxlYfv‡e ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvUPvlvev`‡hvM¨ f~wgi cÖvq 30 kZvskB i‡q‡Q DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j| wK ‘ DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j K…wlDrcv`b e„w×i cÖavb A —ivq n‡”Q jeYv³Zv| mgy`ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× DcK‚jxq AÂ‡jigvwU‡Z we`¨gvb jeYv³Zv‡K Av‡iv evwo‡q Zzj‡e| we‡klÁiv ej‡Qb gvÎ GK kZvskjeYv³Zv e„w×‡Z cÖwZ eQi cÖvq 2 jvL †gwUªKUb dmj Drcv`b K‡g hv‡e| RjevqycwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y mgy`ª-c„‡ôi D”PZve„w× DcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji †ejvf~wgmn mgMÖ AÂj‡Kax‡i ax‡i cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z Ki‡e| GB wekvj f~-fv‡Mi g‡a¨ K…wlRwgI i‡q‡Q| DcK‚jxqAÂ‡ji Rwg¸wj‡K K…wl Drcv`b¶g Rwg‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z mvaviYZ 15 eQi mgq ìKvinq| GQvov eb¨vi Kvi‡YI K…wl Drcv`b K‡g hvq| 1988 mv‡ji eb vi Kvi‡Y K…wl Drcv`b45 kZvsk Kg n‡qwQj|

N) wgwó cvwb cÖev ni Ici cÖwZwµqvfwel¨‡Z ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Kvi‡Y wngvjq ce©‡Z mwÂZ eid —i Mjvi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q M½v-eª²c~Î AeevwnKvi b`x¸wji cvwb cÖevn‡K Amg‡q ùxZ K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| el©v FZz‡Ze„wócv‡Zi cwigvY e„w× †c‡qI b`x¸wj‡Z cveb NUv‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j GB eb¨vcÖeY†`kwU‡Z eb¨vi cÖ‡Kvc Av‡iv fqven i“c wb‡Z cv‡i| el©v FZz‡Z cvwb cÖev‡ni cÖej Pv‡cAch©vß I cvwb wb®‹vkb eë ’vi Kvi‡Y eb¨v Av‡iv `xN© ’vqx i“c jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| wK ‘kxZKv‡j e„wócvZ K‡g hvIqv I f~-c„‡ôi cvwbi ev®úxfeb e„w× cvIqvq m¤ú~Y© wecixZAe¯’vi Zix nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y cvwb cÖevn K‡g †M‡j cvwb NvUwZ GjvKvicÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z DRvb AÂ‡j cvwb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii cwigvY e„w× cv‡e| Gi d‡j fvwU AÂ‡j cvwbcÖevn gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨nZ n‡e|

e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡b Ges cywó †hvMv‡bvi ‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`‡k grm¨ m¤ú‡ì AZ¨ — ¸i“Z¡c~Y©f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU Avwgl Pvwn`vi 80 kZvs‡kiI †ewk c~iY nq gvQ †_‡K|Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Ici KZUv cÖwZwµqv co‡e Zv GL‡bvwbwðZ K‡i ejv hv‡”Q bv| Z‡e kxZKv‡j DRvb †_‡K Avmv cvwb cÖevn K‡g hvIqvqRjvf~wgi msL¨v K‡g Avm‡e Ges Gi d‡j we`¨gvb Rjvf~wg¸wj‡Z gv‡Qi cwigvYI K‡ghv‡e| mgy ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× †c‡j jeYv³ cvwb M½v-eª²c~Î †gvnbv w`‡q Aev‡a Av‡iv†fZ‡i XyK‡e, hv wgwó cvwbi gv‡Qi Avevm ’j‡K ¶wZMÖ — K‡i Zzj‡e| cvwbi ZvcgvÎv e„w×†c‡j cvwb‡Z Aw·‡Rb `ªexfe‡bi cwigvYI K‡g hv‡e| hvi d‡j gv‡Qi Dchy³Avevm¯’j¸wj we‡kl K‡i wWg cÖRb‡bi †¶Î¸wj K‡g hv‡e| DcK‚jxq AÂ‡j N~wY©S‡oi m‡½R‡jv”Q¡vm e„w×i SuywK G AÂ‡j gvQ Drcv`b, we‡kl K‡i gvQ Pv‡li cwigvY Kwg‡q †`‡e|evsjv‡`k cÖwZ BDwbU GjvKvq ¯v`y cvwbi gvQ Drcv`‡b we‡k¦i cÖ_g mvwii †`k nIqv ¯^‡Z¡I



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GL‡bv ch© — G‡`‡k grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Ici Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZwµqv wb‡q †Kvb M‡elYv nqwb| Z‡e Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q †h, mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× wgwó cvwbi gv‡Qi wePiY †¶Î Kwg‡qAvb‡e| hvi d‡j gvQ Drcv`b K‡g hv‡e| GQvovI jeYv³Zv e„w×i Kvi‡Y `w¶Y-cwðgDcK‚jxq AÂ‡ji wgwó cvwbi hvhvei gvQ¸wji Aw —Z¡ wecb n‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j DcK‚jxqAÂ‡ji wPswo PvlI ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| b`x¸wji †gvnbv w`‡q jeYv³ cvwb †ewk cwigvY †fZ‡iXyK‡j wgwó cvwbi gv‡Qi Avevm ’j †ewk K‡i ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki grm¨ AvniY IDrcv`b LvZwUI h‡_ó eo| 1993-95 mv‡j G †`‡k eQ‡i †gvU 250,000 †gwUªK Ub ¯^v`ycvwbi gvQ Drcvw`Z n‡qwQj| GKB mg‡q †gvU 713,000 †gwUªK Ub ¯v`y cvwbi Ges389,000 †gwUªK Ub14 mvgyw ªK gvQ AvnwiZ n‡qwQj| GB wekvj grm¨ AvniY LvZwUIkxZKv‡j cvwbi cÖevn K‡g hvIqvq ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| kxZKv‡j e„wócvZ I b`xi cvwb cÖevn K‡ghvIqvi cvkvcvwk ev®úxfeb e„w× cvIqvq Gmgq gv‡Qi wePiY †¶Î m¼zwPZ n‡q co‡e|GQvovI ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvIqvi Kvi‡Y cvwb‡Z Aw·‡Rb ªwef~Z nIqvi cwigvY K‡g hvIqviNUbv grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Ici gvivZ¥K ¶wZKi cÖwZwµqvi Rb¥ †`‡e|

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enb K‡i wb‡q Avmv b`x¸wji mgy‡`ª cvwb wb®‹vk‡b †ewk mgq jvM‡e| Gi d‡j †g mygx el©vFZz‡Z (RyjvB-‡m‡Þ¤i) my›ìeb `xN© mgq cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z _vK‡e| Gi d‡jmy›ìebvÂ‡ji Rjvf~wg I Luvwomg~‡n cwj Ae‡¶c‡Yi nvi e„w× cv‡e| jeYv³Zvi AvMÖvm‡bim‡½ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y N~wY©S‡oi m‡½ Avmv mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡‡mi gvÎv e„w× hy³ n‡jjeYv³Zv e¨vcKZi ic †b‡e| mvgyw ªK †Rvqv‡i Avmv jeY cvwb‡Z †h me MvQ-cvjv IRjvf~wg GZw`b wbgw¾Z nZ bv, †m¸wjI R‡jv”Q¡v‡m Avmv jeYv³ cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q hv‡e|my›ìebvÂ‡ji cwji ¯vfvweK e„w× I weKvk jeYv³Zvi gvÎvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| cvwb‡ZjeYv³Zvi gvÎv gvÎvwZwi³ n‡j my›ìe‡bi †fZ‡i gvwUi jeYv³Zvi ai‡YI eo ai‡bicwieZ©b NU‡e| d‡j GB e‡bi Dw™¢‡ì cÖvK…wZK cÖRbb I ¯^vfvweK weKvk gvivZ¥Kfv‡e¶wZMÖ — n‡e| Gi d‡j GB e‡bi B‡Kvwm‡÷‡gi ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Ic‡iI eo ai‡Yi cÖwZwµqv Zixn‡e| GQvovI GB ebvÂ‡ji wVK evB‡ii As‡k M‡o IVv gvbeemwZi Kvi‡Y GB e‡bicÖRvwZmg~n gvÎvwZwi³ jeYv³Zvi Kej †_‡K †invB †c‡Z Kg jeYv³ GjvKvq m‡i hvIqvimy‡hvMI cv‡e bv| GB yB cÖfv‡ei mswgkª‡Y my›ìebvÂ‡ji cÖwZ‡ekxK eë ’v (B‡Kvwm‡÷g)Aw¯—Z¡ nviv‡bvi S~uwKi gy‡LvgywL n‡q co‡e| GB me m¼U †_‡K GB ebvÂj wb‡R‡K i¶vKi‡Z cvi‡jI jeYv³Zvi gvÎvwZwi³ e„w×i Kvi‡Y GB e‡bi eZ©gvb Rxe cÖRvwZmg~‡nimg ^q KvVv‡gv cv‡ë hv‡e| fviZxq As‡ki my›ìe‡bi AwfÁZvq †`Lv †M‡Q, jeYv³ZviµgvMZ e„w×i Kvi‡Y ¯v`y cvwbi MvQ my›ìxi Rb¥ n‡”Q bv| Gi cwie‡Z© †SvcSvo IjeYv³Zv mnbkxj Nv‡mi we —vi NU‡Q| GQvovI A‡c¶vK…Z Kg jeYv³ GjvKvq †hmemy›ìxMv‡Qi Rb¥ n‡”Q Zv‡ì e„w×I Lwe©Z n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`kAs‡ki my›ìe‡bI GKB cwiw¯’wZ m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| ZvcgvÎv 0.50 †_‡K 20 †mt ch© — e„w×†c‡j mgy‡ ªi cvwbi D”PZv 10 †_‡K 40 †mw›UwgUvi e„w× cv‡e hvi d‡j my›ìe‡bi cÖvq 15kZvsk GjvKv, A_©vr cÖvq 750 eM© wKt wgt GjvKv cvwb‡Z m¤ú~Y© wbgw¾Z n‡e| hvi d‡jmy›ìe‡bi Ab¨Zg AvKl©Y i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi, DwØovj, wPÎj nwiY I eb¨ ïKi cÖf„wZiAw¯Z¡ wecb n‡e hv my›ìe‡bi we —…Z Rxe-‰ewPÎ¨‡K gvivZ¥Kfv‡e Le© Ki‡e| wb‡Pi †Uwe‡j`w¶Y-cwðg AÂ‡ji ûgwKMÖ — Rxe-‰ewP‡Îï cwimsL¨vb †`qv nj|

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evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ NUbv mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi eb¨v I mvB‡K¬vY wmWi

evsjv‡`k †Rvqvi fvUvi †`k, el©vKv‡j eb¨v Avi So GLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK GKwU ewkó¨|wewfb mg‡q G‡`‡ki Dci w`‡q e‡q hvIqv fqven cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi BwZnvm bZzb bv n‡jIB`vwbs Kv‡j †hmKj cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM cwijwÿZ n‡”Q Zv AwZ‡Zi A‡bK `y‡h©v‡Mi mvaviYewkó¨‡K nvi gvbvq| AvBbB AvKeix‡Z D‡jL i‡q‡Q,Ó A great storm in 1584

which affected the district Barisal . NywY©S‡oi fqvenZvi BwZnv‡m †`Lv hvq†h, A great storm in October 1876 which affected three coastaldistricts of Barisal, Noakhali and Chittagong, about 200000 peopledied during this storm . weMZ 200 eQ‡i G‡`‡k cÖvq 97wU N~wY©So wewfb mgqAvNvZ †n‡b‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 64 wU fqvenfv‡e e¨vcK ¶q¶wZ mvab K‡i| 3 Ryb 1795 mv‡jcÖPÛ mvB‡K¬vb PUªMÖv‡gi mgy ª e›ì GjvKvq AvNvZ nv‡b| BwZnv‡mi fqvenZg NywY©So wQj1797 mv‡ji †g gv‡m PUªMÖv‡gi Dci w`‡q e‡q hvIqv NywY©SowU| Gic 1822, 1869,1876, mv‡ji fqven NywY©S‡oi AvNv‡Zi wPý e½ Rbc‡` AvRI BwZnvm n‡q Av‡Q| 1919mv‡j `ywU NywY©S‡oi D‡jL cvIqv hvq wVK Gfv‡e, ÓTwo great cyclone of 1919also deserves mention if originated in two pacific about 6000 kmaway and it took 20 days to reach to the coast of Bangladesh .1941, 1942 Ges 1960 mv‡jI fqven N~wY©S‡oi ZvÛe gvby‡li ü`q‡K cÖPÛfv‡e bvov†`q| Gi ci †_‡K 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973,1974, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1991 Ges 1997 mv‡jiNywY©S‡oi fqvenZv GLbI A‡b‡KB ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| me©‡kl 2004 mv‡ji fqveneb¨v, 2006 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤i gv‡m DcK~jxq mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi wbg©g ZvÛ‡ei wPÎ meviB‡hgb Rvbv i‡q‡Q †Zgwb 2007 mv‡ji †`ke¨vcx fqven eb¨vi ¶q¶wZ I †fvMvw —i wPýKvwU‡q DV‡Z bv DV‡ZB c~bivq 15 b‡f¤i 2007 mv‡j DcK’jxq †Rjv¸‡jv‡K jÛfÛ K‡iw`‡q hvq §iYKv‡ji me‡P‡q kw³kvjx mvB‡K¬vY wmWi|

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wK ‘ mKj cÖPvi cÖPviYvi mdjZv‡K Avg‡j †bqvi Av‡MB g~û‡Z©i g‡a¨ cy‡iv DcK’jxqGjvKvq AvZ©bv`, AvnvRvix, nvnvKv‡i fvix n‡q I‡V AvKvk evZvm| kZ kZ cï-cvLx,

15 Explanation of local cautionary signal no.4: the port is threatened by a storm but it doesnot appear that the danger is as yet sufficiently great to justify extreme precautionarymeasures. Source: Standing order on Disaster, Ministry of Food and disaster Management,Cyclone preparedness program of Bangladesh Red Crescent Society and BangladeshMeterological Department.

The severe Cyclone storm SIDR over southeast bay and adjoining area moved north-northwestwards, concentrated into a severe cyclonic storm (ECP 968 HPA) with a core ofhurricane wind and was centred at 09 am today (13th November 2007) about 1115 KMssouth-southwest of Chittagong port, 1030 KMs south-southwest of Cos`s Bazar port and1090 KMs south of Mongla port move in a north/northwesternly direction. Maximumports of chittagong, cox`s Bazar and Mongla have been adviced to lower distant warningsignal number two but instead hoist warning singal number four (04). All fishing boats andtrawlers over North Bay have been adviced to take shelter immediately.



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cwiKwíZ Awf hvRb : Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ BwZevPK ev †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv, Gm¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZvi Ae ’v, ivóªxq wbqg-bxwZgvjv Ges m¤¢ve¨ wewfb mycvwik‡K mycwiKwíZ IavivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g †h Awf‡hvRb cÖwµqv Pvjv‡bv nq Zv‡KB cwiKwíZ Awf‡hvRbejv hvq| †hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y-cwðgvÂ‡j Pjgvb Aviwfwmwm cÖKí| cwiKwíZAwf‡hvRb¸‡jvi wkLb¸‡jv MYgva¨g e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPvi Ki‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z K‡i GKB ai‡biAe ’vq †h‡Kvb ’v‡b G wkLb¸‡jv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i|

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Aa¨vq -6Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ `y h©v M Z_¨m¤cÖmviY c×wZ

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gvbyl mvavibZ †Kvb wel‡q cÖ_g †_‡KB my¯úó avibv m¤úb _v‡b bv| Ggb wK RjevqycwieZ©‡bi gZ AZ¨ — RwUj wel‡q A‡bK †¶‡ÎB †ekxifvM gvbyl _v‡Kb mg¨K avibvAR©‡bi evB‡i| Kv‡RB mgv‡Ri gvby‡li avibv‡K mg„×kvjx Ki‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv avc AwZµgKi‡Z nq| †m‡·‡Î †hvMv‡hv‡Mi aib¸‡jvI wfb wfb n‡q _v‡K| Rjevqy welqK Z_¨mgcÖmvib †hvMv‡hv‡M cÖ_‡gB gvby‡li „wó AvKl©Y Kiv nq, Gi ci Zv‡ì AvMÖn m„w÷ n‡q_v‡K, AvKvsLv ‰Zix nq, cÖZ¨qx n‡q I‡Vb, Gi ci Zviv K‡g© AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib Ges cwiZ…ßnb|

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DcKib †hgb- †iwWI, †Uc‡iKW©vi †_‡K, †KD †KD kªeb I `k©b Dfq DcKib †hgb-Pjw”PÎ, †Uwjwfkb, wfwWI K¨v‡mU †iKW©vi cf„wZi gva¨‡gB cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡Kb| Z‡egvby‡li Dci †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi ¯í I `xN© †gqvw` cÖfveb ¶gZv †h i‡q‡Q †m wel‡q†hvMv‡hvMwe`‡ì gv‡S †Kvb wØgZ †bB| Dc‡iv³ e³‡eï wb¸p A_© gv_vq †i‡LB RjevqycwieZ©bRwbZ SuywK cÖkgb welqK ‡h ‡Kvb Dbqb cÖK‡íi Rbm‡PZbZv m„wóg~jK Kvh©µ‡geëüZ †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g wbe©vP‡bi ‡¶‡Î we‡kl mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ †h, hv‡Zwkw¶Z- wbi¶i, kni-MÖvg, awb-Mixe, ag©-eY© - †ckv, †QvU - eo, bvix-cyi“l, RvwZ -DcRvwZ, msL¨v Mwió ev msL¨v jwNó, RvZ-AwfRvZ ‡f‡` †hb †Kvb ‡kªYx-‡ckvi gvbylRjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ SuywKi KviY I SuywK cÖkg‡bi wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cÖvwßi my‡hvM†_‡K ewÂZ bv nq|



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Aa¨vq -7 Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ SuywK cÖkgb hvMv hvM Kvh©µ g eënZ Uzjm-mg~n

me ai‡bi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨B †Kvb bv †Kvb gva¨g i‡q‡Q| †m †cÖw¶‡Z Mb‡hvMv‡hv‡Migva¨gB Mbgva¨g| GB gva¨g‡K †hfv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq †mfv‡eB eëüZ n‡q _v‡K|†mRb¨ mevi Av‡M cÖ‡qvRb †Kvb wel‡q wKfv‡e e¨vcK A‡_© †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g‡K eënvi Kivhvq †mUv wba©vib Kiv| we‡kl K‡i Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi gZ GKwU RwUj I ¸iyZ¡c~b© wel‡qRbM‡bi gv‡S m‡PZbZv e„w×i D‡`¨vM †bIqvi cÖv°v‡jB fvjgZ †f‡e wb‡Z n‡e| KviYMYgva¨g¸‡jvi ewkó¨MZ wfbZvi Kvi‡Y †KvY †¶‡Î weZvi evZ©v Kvh©Kix bvI n‡Z cv‡i|mwVKfv‡e MY‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î †h me ewkó¨ †`Lv hvq Zv n‡jv:

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Aa¨vq -8Rjevqy cwieZ©b I SuywK cÖkg‡b MYgva¨‡gi f~wgKv

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wel‡q mwVK e¨vL¨v `vb K‡i _v‡K hv‡Z gvby‡li Awf‡hvRb ·gZv e„w× cvq| mvgvwRKAeKvVv‡gvi Ici Awf‡hvRb m¶gZv A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i _v‡K| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq,wdwjcvB‡bi wg›`vbvI Øx‡ci †gvU Drcvw`Z we y¨‡Zi 90 kZvskB Av‡m Rj-we`y¨r †_‡K|wkí-KviLvbv I ’vbxq Dbqb GB we y ‡Zi Dci wbf©ikxj| wK ‘ Abve„wói mgq cvwbi Afv‡eRj-we y r cÖK‡í we y r Drcv`b K‡g hvq, hv cy‡iv GjvKvq A_©‰bwZK SuywK e„w× K‡i _v‡K|†hme †`k¸wji DbZ mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Kg DbZ mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb m¤úb†`k¸wji (we‡kl K‡i ¯‡ívbZ †`k¸wj) †P‡q †ewk Awf‡hvRb m¶gZv i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡kRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SuywK me‡P‡q †ewk i‡q‡Q K…wl Drcv`b, gvbeemwZ I gvbeRxe‡bi†¶‡Î| †K› ªxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi mvgvwRK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni gvb `~e©j nIqvq GmecÖwZôvbmg~‡ni KvQ †_‡K `wi ª gvby‡liv Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ SuywK †gvKv‡ejvq Lye Kgmn‡hvwMZv †c‡q _v‡K| hw` mvgvwRK cÖwZôvbmg~n b¨vqm½Zfv‡e ¶gZv Ges m¤ú` wewfb†¶Î¸wj‡Z eivÏ K‡i, Z‡e Zv Awf‡hvRb ¶gZv e„w×‡Z fvj f~wgKv ivL‡e|

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R‡jv”Q¡vm, b`x fvOb, Kvj‰ekvLx ev U‡b©‡Wv, wkjve„wó, kZ¨cÖevn Ges g½vi c~e©vfvm †c‡q_v‡Kb|

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Dci wfwË K‡iB †jvKRb Zv‡ì Rvb gvj i¶vq eªwZ nb| ‡m‡¶‡Î ¯’vbxq c~e©vfvm n‡jv-nVvr b`x‡Z cvwbi †eM †e‡o hvIqv, ccwbi is †Nvjv nIqv I cvwbi mv‡_ †dbv AveR©bv,KvV , Kqjvi ¸‡ov cÖf„wZ †f‡m Avmv, b`x‡Z †XD I †kuv †kuv kã nIqv, †gN I evZvmcvnv‡oi w`‡K ª“Z avweZ nIqv, evZvm Mig nIqv I †cvKv gvK‡oi Dc ªe †e‡o hvIqv|GmKj c~e©vfv‡mi †cÖw¶‡Z ’vbxq †jvKRb‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z wk½v, mvB‡ib, †Pv½v, wUbevRv‡bv ev gvBK w`‡q †jvKRb‡K wbivc` Avkª‡q †h‡Z ejv nq| cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡KB†hvMv‡hv‡Mi G mKj ’vbxq gva¨g¸‡jv MÖvgxY Rbc‡` AZ¨ Í Kvh©Kix|

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L) mve©Rbxb weÁwß cÖPvi I cÖKvk: ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ m¤¢ve¨ mKj ai‡bi SuywKi wel‡q weÁwßcÖPvi I cÖKvk K‡i MYgva¨g ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| MYgva¨g †g mygwfwËK(eb¨v, Lov), FZywfwËK (ZvBdzb, Nywb©So) wec` I `y‡h©vMmg~‡ni Z_¨ cÖPvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ggb me Z_Ï cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z, †Kvb †g my‡g †Kvb ai‡bi `y‡h©v‡M †Kvb ai‡biKwgDwbwU I GjvKvi †jvKRb ‡Kgb gvÎvq ¶q¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡ib| Ges †m AbyhvqxSuywKc~Y© KwgDwbwUi †jvKR‡bi c~e© cÖ¯‘wZB ev wK n‡Z cv‡i, wKfv‡e †m mKj cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnYKi‡eb BZ¨vw`|

M) c~e© mZK©xKiY ms KZ cÖ vb: GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ I Rb wek¦ Í c~e© mZK©xKiY ms‡K‡Zigva¨‡g i¶v ‡c‡Z cv‡i nvRvi nvRvi Rxeb I Ag~j¨ m¤ú‡ì aesmjxjv †_‡K| AviMYgva¨‡gi Rb¨ G KvRwU AZ¨ Í ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| eÁvwbK c~e©vfvm we‡klZ cÖavb cÖavbwec`mg~‡ni wel‡q †eZvi, ‡Uwjwfkb Ges msev`cÎmg~‡n GKB Z_¨ Ges mwVK e¨vL¨v cÖ`vbKiv n‡q _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î AcÖ‡qvRbxq AvZsK Ges wg_¨v ¸Re Qov‡Z cv‡i Ggb cÖwZ‡e`bcÖPvi I cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv |

1 bs ûwkqvix ms‡KZ G ejv nq e›ì GjvKv ¶Y ’vqx S‡ov AvenvIqvi Ke‡j wbcwZZnIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| N›Uvq m‡e©v”P 60 wK.wg. MwZ‡e‡Mi Kvj‰ekvLx S‡oi †¶‡ÎI GBms‡KZ cÖ wk©Z nq|

2 bs †b ûwkqvix ms‡KZ: e›ì GjvKvq wbgPv‡ci mgZzj ZxeªZvi GKwU So, hvi MwZ‡eMN›Uvq Abya © 61 wK.wg| GLv‡b 65 dzU ev Zvi Kg `N©¨ †b hvbmg~n‡K wbivc` Avk¨q wb‡Zejv nq|

3 bs wec` ms‡KZ: e›ì GjvKv S‡o KewjZ| N›Uvq m‡e©v”P GKUvbv 60-88 wK:wg: ch© ÍMwZ‡e‡Mi GKwU mvgw ªK So mnmvB e›Ì GjvKvq AvNvZ nvb‡Z cv‡i|

4 bs †b gnv wec` ms‡KZ: e›ì NywY©So KewjZ| evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM N›Uvq 51-61 wK:wg:ch© Í|

5 bs wec` ms‡KZ: e›ì †QvU ev gvSvwi ZxeªZvi SÅveûj GK mvgw ªK S‡oi Ke‡jwbcwZZ| evZv‡mi GKUvbv m‡e©v”P GKUvbv MwZ‡eM N›Uvq 62-88 wK:wg:|



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8 bs gnvwec` ms‡KZ: e›ì cÖPÛ ev m‡e©v”P ZxeªZvi SÅvwe¶zä GK mvgw ªK NywY©S‡oiKe‡j wbcwZZ| evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM N›Uvq m‡e©v”P 89 wK:wg: ev Zvi D‡a © n‡Z cv‡i|



11 bs †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qb ms‡KZ: AvenvIqv wec` ms‡KZ cÖ vbKvix †K‡› ªi mv‡_ mKj†hvMv‡hvM wew”Qb n‡q c‡o‡Q| G Ae ’vq AvenvIq AZ¨ Í y‡h©vMc~Y© e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|

AvenvIqv Awa`ß‡ii So mZK©xKiY †K›`ª †_‡K cÖvß c~e©fvm evsjv‡`‡ki MYgva¨g¸‡jvcÖPvi K‡i _v‡K| †`‡ki 35wU ch©‡e¶Y †K› ª †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ cÖ_‡g XvKv †K‡›`ª cvVvq|GmKj †K› ª n‡Z y‡h©vM msµv Í Z_© XvKv †K‡› ª Avm‡Z mgq jv‡M 5 wgwb‡Ui gZ| Gici XvKv †K›`ª †Mvevj †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g Gi gva¨‡g bqvw`jxi wiwRIbvj‡UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb nv‡i AviwUGBc G cvVvq|mviv we‡k¦ GiKg †gvU 34 wU AviwUGBPi‡q‡Q| AviwUGBP 15 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ Z_ª cÖwµqvKiY K‡i XvKv †K‡› ª cvVvq| XvKv †K›`ª ZvcU K‡i|So mZK©xKib †K‡›`ª Kg©iZ cUviMY cÖvß WvUv Pv‡U© cU K‡ib, GwU nv‡Z evKw¤úDUv‡iI m¤úb Kiv nq| Gi ci c~e©fvm i“‡g †`Lv nq †Kvb AÂ‡j †Kvb ai‡biAvenvIqv weivR Ki‡Q| PvU© c~e©vfvm Kg©KZ©v we‡klY K‡i c~e©vfvm cÖ vb K‡ib| Gfv‡ecÖwZ w`b 20/25 wU PvU© we‡klY Kiv nq| GLvb †_‡KB MYgva¨g¸‡jv c~e©vfvm ms‡KZ msMÖnK‡i wbqwgZ21 cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K|

21 evsjv‡`k †eZvi †K› ªxqfv‡e 18wU RvZxq msev` ey‡jwUb cÖPvi K‡i| ZvQvov AvÂwjK †K› ª ‡jv’vbxqfv‡e c~e©vfvm cÖPvi K‡i| Avi y‡h©vMKvjxY mg‡q cªwZ 5 wgwbU cici mZK© ms‡KZ cÖPvi K‡i|

ZvQvov So mZKx©KiY †K› ª S›Uvq S›Uvq S‡oi c~e©fvm cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K|



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N) cye© cÖ wZg~jK Z_¨ ev weÁwß: c~e©vfvm cÖ`v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ KwgDwbwU‡K ûwkqvwig~jKKvh©µg m¤ú‡K©I Z_¨ cÖ vb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zviv wec` †_‡K Rxeb I m¤ú‡ì¶q¶wZ Gwo‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib| †mB mv‡_ ’vbv Íi, km¨ msi¶Y (wbw`ó mg‡qi c~‡e©B km¨gvovBKiY), cvwievwiK m¤ú` i¶v, Lv`¨ msi¶Y, `wjj cÎvw`,Mev`x cï wbivc‡` ivLv GesAb¨vb¨ Dckgg~jK Kvh©µgmg~‡ni wel‡q Z_¨ cÖ vb Kiv AwZe Ri“ix|

O) SuywK cÖkgb wel q Awacivgk© cÖ`vb: MYgva¨‡gi Av‡iKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv cÖavbcÖavb wm×v Í MÖnYKvix KZ©„c¶‡K cÖfvweZKiY Ges mwVK mg‡q SuywK Kgv‡bvi wel‡qcÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg/ D‡`¨vM MÖn‡bi wel‡q GKÎxKiY ev mg‡eZ Kiv| A‡bK mgqivRbxwZwe` I AvgjvMY ivR‰bwZK AMÖvwaKv‡ii Øviv cÖfvweZ nb Ges SuywK cÖkgb wel‡qcÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z Zviv †Zgb GKUv AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb bv&| G‡¶‡Î MYgva¨‡gAMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z SuywK cÖkgb wel‡q wm×v Í MÖnY I cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖn‡bi RbÄvgjv I ivRbxwZwe`M‡Yi AvMÖnx K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|

P) Rb AskMÖnY wel q DrmvnÖ vb: y‡h©vM I SuywK eë ’vcbvi †¶‡Î RvZxq bxwZgvjv IcwiKíbvq Ges Kg©m~Px‡Z SuywKc~Y© KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY AZ¨ Í BwZevPK dj †`q|`y:LRbK n‡jI mZ¨ †h, †ekxi fvM †¶‡Î Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wm×v Í cÖ‡bZvMY G welqwU‡KAeÁvi †Pv‡L †`‡L _v‡Kb| MYgva¨g G‡¶‡Î KwgDwbwUi A Íf©yw³Ki‡Y Ges Zv‡ìf~wgKvi ¯xK…wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cÖfveK wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi w`KMy‡jv Zy‡j ai‡Z cv‡i| GiRb¨ MYgva¨g KwgDwbwUi †jvKR‡bi gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e †h, Zviv GB SuywK†ivaK‡í wK wP Ív Ki‡Qb, Zv‡ì SuywK cÖkg‡b wK Kiv DwPr, GgbwK Zviv wKfv‡e miKviI †emiKvwi Kg©m~Px‡Z A Íf©~³ n‡Z Pvq|

2. y h©vM g~û Z© MYgva¨ gi f~wgKv:

†h †Kvb ai‡bi y‡h©v‡Mi mgq cÖavb j¶B _v‡K m¤¢eci hZ †ekx Rxeb i¶v Kiv hvq GesciewZ© †h †Kvb wec` Gov‡bvi| GQvov Zvr¶wYKfv‡e ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv nq ¶q¶wZi cwigvbwbY©q, Zwor mnvqZv cÖ`vb ( Lv`¨, cvwb, †cvkvK, Avkªq, cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv AbymÜvb, D×viGes ¯’vbv Íi )| y‡h©vM g~n~‡Z© ev `y‡h©vM PjvKvjxb mg‡q miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K mvavibZ †mBmKj Z_¨ MYgva¨g‡K cÖ vb Kiv nq hv‡Z miKv‡ii M„wnZ D‡`¨vMmg~n I mvaviY NUbvejxiZ_¨ cvIqv hvq| wK ‘ †ekxifvM †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, ev¯Íe wP‡Îi mv‡_ GmKj Z‡_ïAm¤ú~Y©Zv A‡bK †¶‡ÎB †_‡K hvq| cÖkvmwbKfv‡e miKv‡ii KZ©ve¨w³ I mswkó wefv‡MiØviv me wKQy Avq‡Z¡ ivLv Ges cÖK…Z Ae ’vi m¤c~Y© Z_¨ wgwWqv‡K cÖ vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vbv| †m‡¶‡Î MYgva¨‡gi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv mKj AvÂwjK, RvZxq I Av ÍR©vwZKmn‡hvMx‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i mwVK Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv Ges me©mvavi‡bi mwVK Z_¨



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Rvbv‡bv| cÖavb cÖavb KZ©ve¨w³MY `y‡h©v‡Mi aib ch©‡e¶Y K‡i cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ miKvi,cywjk, wgwjUvix, wmwfj wW‡dÝ, †iW‡µvm, GbwRI, BDGb (OCHA, WFP, FAO,UNHCR, UNDP & UNISEF) mn Ab¨vb¨ ms ’vi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z cv‡i |Zvr¶wYKfv‡e MYgva¨g y‡h©vM PjvKvjxb mg‡q †h mKi Kvh©µg Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡jv:

K) NUbvµwgK Z_¨vw` RbMY K Rvbv bv: MYgva¨g G‡¶‡Î NUbvi eY©bv cÖ`vb Ges y‡h©v‡Mie¨vcKZv, fqvenZv Ges ¶q¶wZi KviYmn eZ©gvb Ae ’v I †fvMvw Íi wel‡q ev¯Íe wPÎZz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i|

L) KZ©c ¶i I mnvqZv `vbKvwi MÖ ci MwnZ Kvh©µg m¤ú K© Rvbv bv: ¶wZMÖ ’ GjvKvmgy‡ni Rvbgvj i¶vi Rb¨ miKv‡ii M„wnZ c`‡¶cmg~n I GLv‡b †hgb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i†Zgwb Ab¨vb¨ G¨v‡RwÝmg~‡ni M„wnZ D‡`¨vM Ges Ab¨vb¨ cwiKíbv, Kvh©µg, D‡`¨vMmg~n hvAvµv Í‡ì Rvbgvj i¶vi Rb¨ KZ…©c‡¶i c¶‡_‡K †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb Zv Zz‡j aiv |

M) AvU K cov I wew Qb n q hvIqv jvKRb m¤ú K© Z_¨ cÖPvi: y‡h©v‡M Avµv Í GjvKvigvbyl Zv‡ì cwievi †_‡K y‡h©vMgyn~‡Z© wew”Qb A_ev AvU‡K co‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Qv‡ì bx‡P,Mv‡Qi Pvcvq, wØcvÂ‡j| G mgq Avµv Í H mKj †jvKRb I Zv‡ì cwievi, AvZ¥xq^Rbiv nZvkvq f~‡M _v‡Kb| G‡¶‡Î MYgva¨g GB mKj †jvKR‡bi wel‡q me©‡kl Ae ’vi

msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i wbKU AvZ¥xqmn mswkó KZ…©c‡¶i „wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i|

N) eu P hvIqv I wU K _vKv jvKR bi cÖ qvRb¸ jv nvBjvBU Kiv: A‡bK †¶‡Î KZ…©c¶ ImnvqZv `vbKvwi ms ’v ev D×viKgx©MbY eo ai‡bi y‡h©v‡Mi mgq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡qA‡bK †eu‡P hvIqv, AvU‡K cov, wew”Qb n‡q cov †jvKRb I Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jvcy:Lvbyc~:Lfv‡e `„wó‡MvPi Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| G †¶‡Î wgwWqvi `vwqZ¡ n‡jv mKj Avµv Í I†eu‡P hvIqv gvby‡li mwVKfv‡e †mev I Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv mgvbfv‡e cv‡”Qb wKbv ZvwbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cÖPvi K‡i mnvqZv Kiv| ¶wZMÖ Í RbM‡Yi Rb¨ mvnvh¨mn‡hvwMZv e¨vcKfv‡e msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ ’vbxq, RvZxq I Av ÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q MYgva¨gmn‡hvMxi f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

O) Kvh©µg MÖn Yi wel q RbMY K civgk© Ìqv: `y‡h©vM gyn~‡Z© RbMY Zvr¶wYKfv‡e A‡bKKvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z bZzb K‡i †Kvb Rvbgv‡ji ¶q¶wZ bv nq| A_ev Rvbgv‡ji¶q¶wZi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q Ggb m¤ú`v`x i¶v Ki‡Z Ges c~e© cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg †hgb-’vbv Íi, RbMY‡K †Kv_vq hvIqv cÖ‡qvRb - †Kv_vq hvIqv wbivc` bq, Lvevi cvwb

weï×KiY c×wZ I Kjv‡K kj wel‡q Z_¨vw` cÖPvi Kiv|



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P) Avcb R bi mv _ ms hvM NUv bv: Avµv Í I ¶wZMÖ¯Í †jvKR‡bi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ìeÜz evÜe, cwiev‡ii m`m¨MY hviv †`‡k ev †`‡ki evB‡i wewfb ’v‡b Ae ’vb Ki‡Q Zv‡ìmv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kwi‡q w`‡Z mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †h †Kvb eo ai‡bi y‡h©v‡MAvµv Í GjvKvi mv‡_ mvavibZ †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡ji †hvMv‡hvM eë ’v ¶q¶wZ ev†hvMv‡hvM wew”Qb n‡q co‡Z cv‡i| MYgva¨g G‡¶‡Î †eu‡P hvIqv †jvKRb‡K Zv‡ìcwiev‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kwi‡q w`‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Q) ÎvY weZi Y byb¨Zg standard i¶vi wel q ¸i Z¡ cª`vb: y‡h©v‡M ÎvY weZiY Kvh©µ‡giAv ÍR©vwZK ÷vÛ©vW Zix K‡i‡Q UNHCR, GQvovI Av ÍR©vwZK GBW KwgDwbwU GKwU gvbwba©vib K‡i‡Q| Av ÍR©vwZK GBW KwgDwbwU †h ÷vÛ©vW Zix K‡i‡Q Zv SPHERE, thehumanitarian charter and minimum standards in disaster response. GBAv ÍR©vwZK ÷vÛ©vW MvBW jvB‡b y‡h©v‡Mi †Kvej †_‡K †eu‡P hvIqv †jvKR‡bi cvwb,cq:wb¯‹vkb, Avkªq, Lv`¨, cwi‡ekMZ ¯v ’ mn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi D‡jL i‡q‡Q| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡efvj †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z MYgva¨gmg~‡ni y‡h©v‡M mnvqZv`vbKvwi ev cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µgcwiPvjbvKvix ms ’v I G¨v‡RwÝ¸‡jv‡K G wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq gwbUwis Ki‡Z cv‡i| †eu‡PhvIqv †jvKR‡bi Rb¨ GB ms ’v¸‡jv Av‡` Av ÍR©vwZK ÎvY weZib bxwZgvjv AbymibKi‡Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

R) `y h©vM KvwU q DV Z bv DV ZB c~Yivq `y h©v M Avµv Í I ¶q¶wZ ivaK í cÖ qvRbxqhvMv hvM: †`Lv hvq †h, †Kvb AÂ‡j GKUv y‡h©vM n‡q †M‡j ci ci Zv wØZxq evi AvNvZ

†n‡b _v‡K| †hgb- Av¸b jvMv A_ev f~wgK‡¤úi ci mybvgx, d¬vk d¬vW Ges ZvBdz‡bi ciA_ev eb¨vi c‡iB electrocution or epidemics. GKwU y‡h©v‡Mi ci wØZxqeviy‡h©v‡Mi AvNvZ KZ fqven n‡Z cv‡i Zv Abyfe KivUv AZ¨ Í ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GRb¨ †h

cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g c~Yivq ¶q¶wZi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv m¤¢e| eÁvwbK Z_¨vw`Ges we‡klÁ gn‡ji wbKU †_‡K hvPvB evQvB K‡i wgwWqv cÖKvk I cÖPvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|G‡¶‡Î Wv³vi, BwÄwbqvi, miKvwi KZ…©c¶ Ges Av ÍR©vwZK G¨v‡RwÝmg~‡ni civgk© msMÖnK‡i wgwWqv h_vh_fv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i|

3. y h©v MvËi MYgva¨ gi f~wgKv:

`y‡h©v‡MvËiKv‡j mvaviYZ: c~Ye©vmb, AeKvVv‡gvMZ c~bwbg©vb KvR GKB mv‡_ Pvwj‡q hvIqvnq| GRb¨ `y‡h©v‡Mi GB ch©v‡q c~be©vmb Kvh©µg, c~YM©Vb I wbg©vb Kvh©µg `y‡h©vM wbim‡bi†¶‡Î mgvbfv‡e ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| G‡Z K‡i fwel¨‡Z y‡h©v‡M Avµv Í nIqvi



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gvÎv K‡g Av‡m| hw` G welq¸‡jv‡K Ae‡njv Kiv nq Z‡e KwgDwbwU¸‡jv fwel¨‡Z c~bivqSuywKi g‡a¨ covi AvksKv †_‡KB hvq| G‡¶‡Î Mbgva¨g hv Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡jv:

K) mK ji wbKU mn hvwMZvi Av e`b Rvbv bv: y‡h©v‡MvËi mg‡q A_©‰bwZK, cÖhyw³MZ Gese ‘MZ m¤ú`vw` mÂvjb Kiv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR| ’vbxq, cÖv‡`kxK ev RvZxq ch©v‡qiKZ…©c‡¶i wbKU ch©vß m¤ú`vw` H gyn~‡Z© bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i hv g~jZ c~Ye©vmb I c~YM©VbKv‡Ri Rb¨ ª“Z cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZvi Rb¨ ’vbxq I Av ÍR©vwZK mvnvh¨ ms¯ÍviwbKU mswkó wel‡q e¯‘wbô Z_¨ Ges cÖ‡qvRb cwigvc Kiv AZ¨ Í Ri“ix| G‡¶‡Î wgwWqve ‘wbôZvi mv‡_ mKj `‡ji, g‡Zi, `vZvi wbKU mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ Av‡e`b ivL‡Z cv‡i|

L) c~Ye©vmb I c~YM©Vb cwiKíbv m¤ú K© hvMv hvM Kiv: ¶wZMÖ ’ GjvKvi Rb¨ miKvi,RvwZmsN, ev Av ÍR©vwZK Dbqb ms¯’v¸‡jv c~YM©Vb I c~Ye©vmb m¤ú‡K© wK cwiKíbv Ki‡QZv RbMY‡K mwVKfv‡e Rvbv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z cv‡i Mbgva¨g| GQvov c~Ye©vmb I c~YM©VbKvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ †h mKj cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q MYgva¨g weZ‡K©i m„w÷IKi‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e †h, H cwiKíbv `y‡h©v‡Mi †Kvej †_‡K †eu‡P hvIqv †jvKR‡bicÖ‡qvRb‡K mwVKfv‡e c~ib K‡i wKbv| GB cwiKíbvi mv‡_ mKj Dbqb †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì,fy³‡fvMx Rb‡Mvwôi I KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnb mwµq n‡e wK bv ev ev¯Íe A‡_©B GBcwiKíbvq RbMY mwZ¨Kv‡ii DcKvi Av‡` cv‡e wKbv|

M) ¶q¶wZ KvwU q DV Z RbMY K Drmvn`vb: Dbqb Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb I c~Yi“×vi†K kjc‡Î y‡h©v‡Mi †Kvej †_‡K †eu‡P hvIqv †jvKR‡bi gZvg‡Zi cÖwZdjb _vKvUvAZ¨ Í ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| G mg‡q AZ¨ Í Pv‡ci g‡a¨ †_‡K `ª“Z AeKvVv‡gvMZ c~Ywbg©vb Kvh©µgh_vm¤¢e ªyZ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z wM‡q miKv‡ii mswkó KZ…©c¶ ev Dbqb ms ’v¸‡jv D³welqwUi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv †_‡K „wó Gwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib| MYgva¨g HmKj Avµv Í†jvKR‡bi AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ Drmvn `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i, gZvgZ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Drmvn cÖ`vbKi‡Z cv‡i| †jvKRb I KwgDwbwUi cÖ‡qvRb I myweavgZ Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb wKfv‡e KZUzKzn‡j fvj nq †m cwiKíbv Kivi Rb¨ `y‡h©v‡M Avµv Í I †eu‡P hvIqv †jvKR‡bi gZvgZwb‡Z MYgva¨g gZvgZ †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †m¸‡jv cÖKvk K‡iKZ©„c¶‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK Kgv‡bv I cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ Pvc m„wóKiY,c~YMVb I c~Ye©vmb Kvh©µ‡gi cwiKíbv I mnvqZvi my‡hvM¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q GKwUmgw ^Z SuywK wbimb I cÖwZ‡iva eë ’v ev¯Íevqb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z K‡i fwel¨‡Z †h†Kvb y‡h©v‡Mi gyn~‡Z© †fvMvw Í †iva Kiv hvq| MYgva¨g G‡¶‡Î †UKmB Dbq‡bi wP Ívgv_vq †i‡L cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ w`‡q mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| cv‡i mgw Z SuywK wbimb cwiKíbvev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ DrmvwnZKiY I Awacivgk©‡Ki f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡Z|



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eZ©gvb we‡k¦i ev —eZvi Av‡jv‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, GKw`‡K wKQy gvbyl Z‡_ï gnvmo‡K(ivRc‡_) m`v wePiY Ki‡Q Ab¨w`‡K nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Z_¨ k~Y¨Zvq f~M‡Q cÖhyw³i mnRcÖvwßi my‡hvM bv _vKvq| Z_¨ cÖhyw³i GB Afvebxq DrK‡l©i myev‡` Z‡_ï Aeva I eûgyLx†mªvZavivq cÖevngvb mgvR‡K ejv n‡P&Q ÓZ_¨-mgvRÓ ev (information society)|GKzk kZ‡K G‡m Avgv‡ì Óg¨vbyqvjÓ Rxebeë ’vq µgk wWwRUvj my‡hvM-myweav hy³ nIqvicUf~wg‡Z G hyM‡K ejv n‡”Q ÓwWwRUvj hyMÓ| G hy‡Mi mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ, A_©bxwZ GgbwKivRbxwZI ZvB AbjvBb mf¨Zvq Avoó| Avi gv‡K©wUs †_‡K ïi“ K‡i AbjvBb †gwWK¨vjwUªU‡g›U, B‡j±ªwbK †fvU MÖnb c×wZ me wKQy‡ZB GLb mg‡qi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q wWwRUvjc×wZ‡Z GwM‡q Pj‡Q| †kvbv hv‡”Q A`yi fwel¨‡Z Avgv‡ì ivR‰bwZK ms ‹…wZ‡Z hy³ n‡e†h MYZvw ¿K ms¯‹…wZ Zvi bvg ÓwWwRUvj †W‡gvµ¨vwmÓ| Avi GB †W‡gvµ¨vwmi g~jPvwjKvkw³ n‡e Z_¨ A_©bxwZ|

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Z_¨m~Î:1. Community Based Disaster Risk Management and the Media kit

PDRSEA-3, Bangkok, Thailand -20062. Cyclone 91, an Environmental and Perceptional Study Edited

by Raana Haider, A. Atiq Rahman, Saleemul huq, BCAS.3. Climate Change in Nigeria, a Communication Guide by NEST.4. A Total Disaster Risk Management, Asian disaster prepeardness

center (Thailand Urban mitigation Project).5. The role of media in modern agriculture, an article published in

Niriskha, written by Mohammad Abdul Mannan.6. Climate Change, Awareness and action education kit, Ontario

Supplement.7. Communication Strategy of Reducing Vulnerability to Climate

Change (RVCC) Project, External Unit, CARE Bangladesh.8. Disaster Reduction Technology list on implementation

strategies, a contribution from Japan Kobe, 2005.9. Risk scenarios and local Resources - Sandra Zuniga. B.10. The role of media to reduce poverty, an article, written by

Mohammad Abdul Mannan, published in the weeklyMredubhashan, issue 31, November 10, 2003, Dhaka.

11. Communication issues in Bangladesh, by M. Golam Rahman.12. Where land meets the Sea Edited by M. rafiqul Islam.13. The role of Bangladesh bater to secure the coastal fisherman- A

research report by Md. Abdul Mannan, Mass line Media Center,Oct. 2002.

14. A ready Reference on climate change & vulnerability assessmentworkshops, CARE Bangladesh, 2003.

15. Network for Information response and prepardness activities ondisasters, a quarterly newsletter of NIRAPAD issue-7, March2004.

16. So mnbkxj Ni wbg©vY welqK †cvmAvi eënvi wb‡`©wkKv, Aviwfwmwm cÖKí,†Kqvi evsjv‡`k, XvKv, wW‡m¤i-2004|

17. my‡cq cvwbi mÜv‡b, ‡kL †mwjg Av³vi ¯^cb I kwn`yj Bmjvg, DËiY, Zvjv,mvZw¶iv, Ryb-2004|



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18. Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ SuwK cÖkgb (Z…Yg~j bvU¨`j cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv), m¤úv`bv-nvmvb Zv‡iK I g‡bvR gÛj, i“cv —i, Lyjbv|

19. `w¶Y-cwðg DcK’‡ji Rjve×Zv- Kzkj ivq, wmwWwc, Lyjbv, wW‡m¤I 2004|20. DcK’jxq grm¨Rxwe‡ì wbivcËvq †eZv‡ii f~wgKv, M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b, †gvnv¤§`

Avãyj gvbvb, g¨vm-jvBb wgwWqv †m›Uvi, A‡±vei 2002, XvKv|21. DcK’jxq Awaevmx I N~wY©SoKvjxb cÖ ‘wZ: MYgva¨‡gi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb, mwn` Dj¨vn

wjcb, wbix¶v, 133Zg msL¨v, GwcÖj 2005|22. K…wl welqK Z_¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Y MYgva¨‡gi f~wgKv, gvnv¤§` Avãyj gvbvb, wbix¶v,

115Zg msL¨v, A‡±vei 2003|23. `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b MYgva¨‡gi f~wgKv, gvnv¤§` Avãyj gvbvb, wbix¶v, 119 Zg

msL¨v, †deª“qvix 2004|24. f~wgK¤ú I MYgva¨g, Wt †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏwK, wbix¶v, 130Zg msL¨v, Rvbyqvix

2005|25. eb¨v-2004 I MYgva¨g, iwe Avigvb, wbix¶v, 125Zg msL¨v, AvM÷ 2004|26. Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cwi‡ek, cwi‡ek m‡PZbZv welqK cyw¯—Kv, AvBGdGmwc, †Kqvi

evsjv‡`k, XvKv|27. weï× cvwb I ¯v ’ Rxeb, Av‡m©wbK welqK m‡PZbZv welqK cyw —Kv,

AvBGdGmwc, †Kqvi evsjv‡`k, XvKv|28. eb¨v 2004, `w¶Y-cwðg DcKzjI cvweZ, m¤úv`bv- Avkivdzj Avjg UzUz, Lyjbv,

†m‡Þ¤Î 2004|29. Study on Isolated Shallow Aquifer for potable water supply in

south-western part of Bangladesh. By Uttaran, Tala, Satkhira,October 2003.

30. Addresing issues of salinity in potabe water in national policies:whither adaptations to climate change. By Ahsan Uddin Ahmed,March-2003.

31. A report on Knowledge Attituades-Behaviour (KAB) study,Advocacy Unit of RVCC project, Care angladesh, September2002, Khulna.

32. Rievqy cwieZ©b welqK Bbdi‡gkb c¨v‡KR, wmwWwc/Aviwfwmwm cÖKí, GwcÖj2004|

33. An easy reading book on climate change for students of class vi-vii and class viii-ix (two parts) by AOSED, Khulana, April-2004.

34. A process document on school awareness program on climatechange, by AOSED, Khulna, March -2005.



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35. Pot song on environment, composed by Elias Fakir, Rupantar,Khulna-2001.

36. The new P-process steps in stragetic communication, the healthcommunication partnership, December 2003.

37. Theories of Mass Communication, by Melvin L. De Fleur &Sandra S. Ball Rokeach.

38. National family planning programme: communication andinformation support, Thailand, August 1999.

39. Human Rights in Bangladesh 2001, Edited by Hameeda Hossain,Dhaka-2002.

40. Climate change information kit. Updated in July 2002 based onthe IPCC climate change 2001 . Edited by Michael Williams.

41. RvZxq msev`cÎ cÖ_g Av‡jv, B‡ËdvK, †WBjx ÷vi, hyMv Íi Gi 16 b‡f¤i†_‡K 30 †b‡f¤i Gi mKj msL¨v we‡kølY|



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